Bacillus velezensis MZ09 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets by remodeling the intestinal microbiota activating the SCFAs-GPR43-STAT3 pathway and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus velezensis MZ09, which produces branched-chain short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs), against the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in piglets.

Results: In this study, a DSS-induced piglet colitis model was established to explore the impact of MZ09.

Prevalence of frailty and associated factors in Shanghai older community-dwelling adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Frailty is recognised as an emerging public health priority. However, there is still a lack of large-sample, well-designed clinical observational studies investigating frailty status among multidistrict community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai. Therefore, this study aims to establish a large-sample prospective cohort in Shanghai, investigate the frailty status of multidistrict community-dwelling older adults, analyse the characteristics of the frail population and explore potential risk factors for frailty in older adults.

Honeycomb Organogel-Fabric for Osmotic Pressure-Driven Atmospheric Water Harvesting.

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a promising method to combat the challenge of water shortage. Despite the great progress of AWH, the imperfect structural design, complex fabrication procedures, and sluggish sorption/desorption kinetics hinder its AHW performance. Herein, a honeycomb organogel fabric (CHOF) with an interior osmotic pressure of 184.

In vivo effects of NPFF and NPAF peptides on gene expression in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis of female half-smooth tongue soles.

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is one of the members of RF-amide peptide family, which has been implicated in diverse physiological processes across mammals. However, there is scarce information regarding the biological function of NPFF in fish reproduction. In the current study, npff was identified and characterized in the half-smooth tongue sole.

Rotenone-driven DNA hypermethylation of the miR-6991-3p promoter induces death of mouse brain organoids.

Rotenone has potential chemical toxicity in the nervous system of both insects and mammals, but its deep molecular biological mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, the epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying the toxicity of rotenone was studied using murine brain organoids (mBOs). Transmission electron microscopy indicated that rotenone destroyed mBOs'mitochondrial structure.

The TRPV1-PKM2-SREBP1 axis maintains microglial lipid homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease.

Microglia are progressively activated by inflammation and exhibit phagocytic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia were identified in the aging mouse and human brain; however, little is known about the formation and role of lipid droplets in microglial neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report a striking buildup of lipid droplets accumulation in microglia in the 3xTg mouse brain.

TRPV1 alleviates APOE4-dependent microglial antigen presentation and T cell infiltration in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Persistent innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4, the most important genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, encodes apolipoprotein E4, which by itself is a potent modulator of immune response. However, little is known about the immune hub that governs the crosstalk between the nervous and the adaptive immune systems.

Spexin and its receptors in the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi): identification, expression profiles and reproductive function.

Spexin (SPX1) is a neuropeptide of 14 amino acids (aa), originally identified by bioinformatics, which has been implicated in various physiological functions in vertebrates via galanin receptors 2 and 3 (GALR2/3). To clarify the biological role of SPX1 in the control of reproduction in yellowtail kingfish, which is regarded as a promising species for offshore aquaculture worldwide, cDNA sequences of spx1 and six potential receptors were identified in the current study. The open reading frame of yellowtail kingfish spx1 was 363 nucleotides in size that encoded a 120-aa preprohormone, and its mature peptide was highly conserved among other species.

Advanced Noninvasive Strategies for the Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides.

Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the discovery of therapeutic proteins and peptides for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, their clinical applications have been considerably hindered by challenges such as low biomembrane permeability, poor stability, short circulation time, and the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, substantial improvements have been made in understanding the dynamics of the BBB and developing efficient approaches for delivering proteins and peptides to the CNS, especially by using various nanoparticles.

PneumoLLM: Harnessing the power of large language model for pneumoconiosis diagnosis.

The conventional pretraining-and-finetuning paradigm, while effective for common diseases with ample data, faces challenges in diagnosing data-scarce occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have exhibits unprecedented ability when conducting multiple tasks in dialogue, bringing opportunities to diagnosis. A common strategy might involve using adapter layers for vision-language alignment and diagnosis in a dialogic manner.

Cordycepin Modulates Microglial M2 Polarization Coupled with Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by Targeting HKII and PDK2.

The microenvironment mediated by the microglia (MG) M1/M2 phenotypic switch plays a decisive role in the neuronal fate and cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on microglial polarization and its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study reveals that cordycepin improved cognitive function and memory in APP/PS1 mice, as well as attenuated neuronal damage by triggering MG-M2 polarization and metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, rather than directly protecting neurons.

Potential mechanisms underlying inhibition of xenograft lung cancer models by kaempferol: modulation of gut microbiota in activating immune cell function.

As a flavonoid compound, kaempferol has great potential in anti-lung cancer therapy, but the mechanism of its therapeutic effect needs further exploration. To explore the therapeutic effect of kaempferol on lung cancer, as well as its capability to regulate the gut microbiota and stimulate immune function. Materials & methods: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were divided into four groups.

Phospholipid Bilayer Inspired Sandwich Structural Nanofibrous Membrane for Atmospheric Water Harvesting and Selective Release.

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has been broadly exploited to meet the challenge of water shortage. Despite the significant achievements of AWH, the leakage of hydroscopic salt during the AWH process hinders its practical applications. Herein, inspired by the unique selective permeability of the phospholipid bilayer, a sandwich structural (hydrophobic-hydrophilic-hydrophobic) polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (San-PAN) was fabricated for AWH.

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide alleviates rotenone-induced murine brain organoids death through downregulation of gene body DNA methylation modification in the ZIC4/PGM5/CAMTA1 axis.

Here, the protective mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CpP) against mouse brain organoids (mBO) damage was analyzed, and the rotenone affected the genomic epigenetic modifications and physiological activity of mouse brain organoids was examined. Pathological experiments have shown that rotenone significantly damaged the subcellular organelles of mouse brain organoids. According to RRBS-Seq, rotenone significantly promoted gene body hypermethylation modifications in mouse brain organoids.

The Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for the IgG Subclass in Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis.

Evidence suggests that exposure to coal dust increases immunoglobulin concentration. However, there is a paucity of data reporting immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Therefore, this study intended to evaluate potential diagnostic biomarkers for the disease.

Nanopolyphenol rejuvenates microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming.

Microglial surveillance plays an essential role in clearing misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta, tau, and -synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the complex structure and ambiguous pathogenic species of the misfolded proteins, a universal approach to remove the misfolded proteins remains unavailable. Here, we found that a polyphenol, -mangostin, reprogrammed metabolism in the disease-associated microglia through shifting glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which holistically rejuvenated microglial surveillance capacity to enhance microglial phagocytosis and autophagy-mediated degradation of multiple misfolded proteins.

TRPV1 regulates ApoE4-disrupted intracellular lipid homeostasis and decreases synaptic phagocytosis by microglia.

Although the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) gene has been established as a genetic risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was reported to regulate autophagy to protect against foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Here, we show that ApoE4 leads to lipid metabolism dysregulation in microglia, resulting in enhanced MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation and T-cell activation.

p85S6K sustains synaptic GluA1 to ameliorate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is a serine-threonine kinase that has two main isoforms: p70S6K (70-kDa isoform) and p85S6K (85-kDa isoform). p70S6K, with its upstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has been shown to be involved in learning and memory and participate in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the function of p85S6K has long been neglected due to its high similarity to p70S6k.

Cordycepin improved neuronal synaptic plasticity through CREB-induced NGF upregulation driven by MG-M2 polarization: a microglia-neuron symphony in AD.

Purpose: Microglia-neuron crosstalk is critically involved in synaptic plasticity and degeneration by releasing diverse mediators in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, determining contributors that modulate the systemic microenvironment is essential. Cordycepin (CCS) is a novel neuroprotective compound obtained from Cordyceps militaris.

Development of a Machine Learning Model to Discriminate Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects from Normal Controls in Community Screening.

: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and probable Alzheimer's disease. It is of great value to screen for MCI in the community. A novel machine learning (ML) model is composed of electroencephalography (EEG), eye tracking (ET), and neuropsychological assessments.

Nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway as a contributor to age-related memory impairment in Drosophila.

Age-related changes in the transcriptome lead to memory impairment. Several genes have been identified to cause age-dependent memory impairment (AMI) by changes in their expression, but genetic screens to identify genes critical for AMI have not been performed. The fruit fly is a useful model for studying AMI due to its short lifespan and the availability of consistent techniques and environments to assess its memory ability.