[Cryoprotective effects of deicing micro/nanomaterials with different sizes and shapes on cells].

Extensive studies have been conducted on deicing nanomaterials to improve the cryoprotective effects on cells, tissues, and organs. The nanomaterials with different composition, sizes, and shapes can inhibit the formation and growth of ice crystals, thereby reducing the damage to the cryopreserved samples. In this study, the carbon composite particles (CCPs) with different sizes and shapes were prepared by the hydrothermal method.

Elucidating the impacts of cobalt (II) ions on extracellular electron transfer and pollutant degradation by anodic biofilms in bioelectrochemical systems during industrial wastewater treatment.

Electrogenic biofilms in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are critical in wastewater treatment. Industrial effluents often contain cobalt (Co); however, its impact on biofilms is unknown. This study investigated how increasing Co concentrations (0-30 mg/L) affect BES biofilm community dynamics, extracellular polymeric substances, microbial metabolism, electron transfer gene expression, and electrochemical performance.

The influence of MPL addition on structure, interfacial compositions and physicochemical properties on infant formula fat globules.

The lack of milk fat globule membrane phospholipids (MPL) at the interface of infant formula fat globules has an impact on the stability of fat globules, compared to human milk. Therefore, infant formula powders with different MPL contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, w/w of MPL/whey protein mixture) were prepared, and the effect of interfacial compositions on the stability of globules was investigated. With increasing MPL amount, the particle size distribution had two peaks and returned to a uniform state when 80% MPL was added.

Bioimmobilization and transformation of chromium and cadmium in the fungi-microalgae symbiotic system.

Microalgae and fungi in the fungi-microalgae symbiotic system(FMSS) can solve the problems of deep purification of heavy metals in wastewater and harvesting of microalgae cell by synergistic interaction. Therefore, it is of great significance to use the FMSS for remediation of heavy metal pollution. However, at present, the immobilization and transformation mechanism of heavy metals in the FMSS is not clear, which limits the development and industrial application of the FMSS with high adsorption performance, high selectivity, and high tolerance.

Interfacial composition in infant formulas powder modulate lipid digestion in simulated in-vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion.

The interface structure and composition of fat globules are very important for the digestion and metabolism of fat and growth in infants. Interface composition of fat globules in infant formula (IF) supplemented with milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) and lecithin in different ways were analyzed and their effects on fat digestion properties were evaluated. The results showed that the distribution of phospholipids at the interface and structural of Concept IF1 and Concept IF2 that were more similar to those of human milk (HM) than that of conventionally processed IF3.

Construction of hemp seed protein isolate-phosphatidylcholine stablized oleogel-in-water gel system and its effect on structural properties and oxidation stability.

Rice bran wax was added to hemp seed oil (HSO) to prepare oleogel, and hemp seed protein isolate (HPI)-phosphatidylcholine (PC) was used as the emulsifier to obtain an oleogel-in-water (Og/W) gel system. The effect of HPI concentration on the construction of gel system was studied. Microscopic observations found that the oil droplets were encapsulated by the emulsifier.

Effect of extracellular proteins on Cd(II) adsorption in fungus and algae symbiotic system.

Fungus-algae symbiotic systems (FASS) are typically used to assist in the immobilization of algae and strengthen the adsorption of heavy metals. However, the adsorption behavior of the symbiotic system and the molecular regulation mechanism of extracellular proteins in the adsorption of heavy metals have not been reported in detail. In this study, a stable FCSS (fungus-cyanobacterium symbiotic system) was used to study Cd(II) adsorption behavior.

Synergism and mutualistic interactions between microalgae and fungi in fungi-microalgae symbiotic system.

The method of collecting microalgae using fungal mycelium pellets has attracted widespread attention because of its high efficiency and simplicity. In this study, the interaction in FMSS was explored using Aspergillus fumigatus and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

Biosorption behavior and mechanism of cadmium from aqueous solutions by sp. PCC6803.

Cyanobacteria are promising adsorbents that are widely used for heavy metal removal in aqueous solutions. However, the underlying adsorption mechanism of sp. PCC6803 is currently unclear.

Identification and characterization of yak α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin.

α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were isolated from yak milk and identified by mass spectrometry. The variant of α-LA (L8IIC8) in yak milk had 123 amino acids, and the sequence differed from α-LA from bovine milk. The amino acid at site 71 was Asn (N) in domestic yak milk, but Asp (D) in bovine and wild yak milk sequences.

Carboxymethyl chitosan based redox-responsive micelle for near-infrared fluorescence image-guided photo-chemotherapy of liver cancer.

High-efficient vectors for the co-delivery of photosensitizers and chemotherapeutics were urgently needed for the combination therapy. In this work, a redox-responsive micelle (PCL-SS-CMC-GA) was prepared for the co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and pheophorbide A (PHA). Poly-ε-caprolactone was linked to carboxymethyl chitosan through a disulfide bond, which was easily broken in the reductive solution to release the payloads.

Chitosan based pH-responsive polymeric prodrug vector for enhanced tumor targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and siRNA.

The co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA has gained increasing attentions owing to the enhanced antitumor efficacy over single administration. In this work, a chitosan-based pH-responsive prodrug vector was developed for the co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and Bcl-2 siRNA. The accumulation of fabricated nanoparticles in hepatoma cells was enhanced by glycyrrhetinic acid receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Chitosan capped pH-responsive hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted chemo-photo combination therapy.

Combination therapy provides an efficient way to overcome the potential multidrug resistance and enhance anticancer efficacy. In this work, a biodegradable pH-responsive hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HMSN-GM-CS-FA) was developed for co-delivery of pheophorbide a (PA) and doxorubicin (DOX). This drug delivery system possessed controlled particle size and larger inner hollow core, which endowed the nanoparticle with excellent encapsulation capacities.

Influence of interfacial adsorption of glyceryl monostearate and proteins on fat crystallization behavior and stability of whipped-frozen emulsions.

The effect of interfacial competitive adsorption of glyceryl monostearate (GMS) with proteins and GMS-fat (anhydrous milk fat; coconut oil) interactions on the fat crystallization behavior and stability of whipped-frozen emulsions were investigated. The results indicated GMS retarded the nucleation of emulsified anhydrous milk fat, but accelerated crystal growth. A contrasting outcome was elicited by emulsified coconut oil.

Acid-sensitive polymeric vector targeting to hepatocarcinoma cells via glycyrrhetinic acid receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Liver cancer is one of the top death causing cancers, traditional treatments have not settled for the requirement of patients. In this work, a smart acid-responsive micelle based on glycyrrhetinic acid modified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid-doxorubicin (GA-CS-PEI-HBA-DOX) was synthesized for targeted delivery of DOX to liver cancer. A dual pH-sensitive and receptor-mediated strategy has been exploited to enhance the delivery efficiency.

pH-Sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy.

In order to optimize the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) and improve the photodynamic therapeutic effectiveness of rose bengal (RB), a mesoporous silica nanoparticle system was designed as the carrier of RB and DOX for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. A pH-sensitive strategy has been exploited to enhance the delivery efficiency. Our results suggested that the production of singlet oxygen was independent of the release of RB while strongly influenced by the external DOX layer.

Effective co-delivery of doxorubicin and curcumin using a glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan-cystamine-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymer micelle for combination cancer chemotherapy.

A glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan-cystamine-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymer (PCL-SS-CTS-GA) micelle was developed for the co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CCM) to hepatoma cells. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was used as a targeting unit to ensure specific delivery. Co-encapsulation of DOX and CCM was facilitated by the incorporation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) groups.

The chemical composition and nitrogen distribution of Chinese yak (Maiwa) milk.

The paper surveyed the chemical composition and nitrogen distribution of Maiwa yak milk, and compared the results with reference composition of cow milk. Compared to cow milk, yak milk was richer in protein (especially whey protein), essential amino acids, fat, lactose and minerals (except phosphorus). The contents of some nutrients (total protein, lactose, essential amino acids and casein) were higher in the warm season than in the cold season.