Diatom-inspired hierarchical carbon catalysts advance sustainable water decontamination via electron transfer-driven peroxide activation.

Catalysts for heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water remediation face environmental sustainability challenges, due to the intensive production of catalysts and limited stability of catalysts while maintaining high efficiency. Herein, we design a biomimetic carbon catalyst (BCC) inspired by the diatom frustule valve structure, achieving high environmental sustainability while maintaining superior water decontamination performance by a non-radical direct electron transfer (DET) pathway through activating peracetic acid (PAA). Utilizing a hydrogen-bonding strategy, BCC features pillared layered hierarchical pores with an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2710.

NudCL2 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by inhibiting SLC7A11-mediated EMT and metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. NudC-like protein 2 (NudCL2), a molecular cochaperone of HSP90, has been implicated in various cellular processes; however, its role in pancreatic cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that NudCL2 expression is significantly downregulated in PC tissues and is correlated with poor patient survival.

Reduced Masseter Muscle Area Predicts the 6-Month Outcome After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults.

Objectives: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in older patients is a common condition in neurosurgery, often linked to poor long-term outcomes, especially when accompanied by frailty. Sarcopenia contributes to this frailty and can be assessed through transverse imaging methods. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the masseter muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) as determined from admission CT head scans in older patients with mTBI.

Cu(II)-catalyzed synthesis of 3-functionalized benzofurans sequential nucleophilic cyclization and C-C bond activation.

A domino Cu-catalyzed nucleophilic cyclization and C-C bond activation to access various 3-acylated benzofurans has been developed. The generated benzofuranylcopper intermediate was coupled with cyclopropenone, wherein the ring-opening of cyclopropenone with phenol was effectively suppressed. This strategy features excellent substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high atomic economy.

N-glycosylation of the PEDV spike protein modulates viral replication and pathogenicity.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly virulent enteric coronavirus, induces severe watery diarrhea and mortality in suckling piglets. The spike (S) protein, a critical mediator of viral entry, undergoes extensive N-linked glycosylation. To elucidate the functional significance of these post-translational modifications, we employed a reverse genetics system to generate 19 recombinant PEDV strains with single-site mutations at predicted N-glycosylation sites.

Electrostatic-driven dehydration of ions in nanoporous membranes.

Surface charge critically affects ion-selective membrane performance, particularly in separating ions with similar size and charge, the key challenge in water treatment. Herein, we investigate the permeation of alkali chlorides (LiCl, KCl, and CsCl) through steric hindrance-free nanoporous membranes with tunable surface charge densities. Supported by molecular dynamics simulations, we confirm that electrostatic effects promote the dehydration of Cl, the counterions to the membrane charge, at the positively charged membrane surface.

The effect of follow-up reexamination on the long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiography.

Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain at high risk for recurrent adverse cardiovascular events after discharge. Patient adherence to secondary prevention is poor. This study proposes a follow-up center-based secondary prevention program to assess whether a structured cardiologist-led follow-up and reexamination protocol influences ACS patient prognosis.

A quantitative analysis of TAAR1-positive cells in whole mouse brain by FDISCO technology.

Over the past two decades, studies on trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), have substantially enhanced our understanding of their critical function in regulating monoamine neurotransmitter transmission. As a result, TAAR1 has emerged as a highly promising therapeutic target for treating psychiatric disorders. However, there is still no systematic analysis or detailed assessment for the distribution of TAAR1-positive cells throughout the brain until now.

Housing size, parental socioeconomic status, and associations with depressive symptoms among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China.

Backgrounds: Relatively few studies have focused on the associations between family-related factors and adolescents' mental health in China. This study aimed at investigating the associations between per capita living space, parental socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the mental health of adolescents in Guangzhou, China.

The influence of cognitive distractions and driving experience on hazard perception performance during partially automated driving.

Drivers of partially automated vehicles are relieved from operational driving tasks but are still expected to be prepared to assume control of the vehicle when the capabilities of driving automation are exceeded. Thus, drivers' capability to perceive hazards and react proactively may still benefit driving safety in the context of driving automation. Previous research has found that experience and distractions can affect drivers' hazard perception performance in vehicles without automation, while the influential factors of hazard perception performance in partially automated vehicles are still unclear.

Highlights of Model Quality Assessment in CASP16.

Model quality assessment (MQA) remains a critical component of structural bioinformatics for both structure predictors and experimentalists seeking to use predictions for downstream applications. In CASP16, the Evaluation of Model Accuracy (EMA) category featured both global and local quality estimation for multimeric assemblies (QMODE1 and QMODE2), as well as a novel QMODE3 challenge-requiring predictors to identify the best five models from thousands generated by MassiveFold. This paper presents detailed results from several leading CASP16 EMA methods, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the approaches.

Metabolic Variations in Bamboo Shoot Boiled Liquid During B49 Fermentation.

Bamboo shoot boiled liquid (BSBL), a processing byproduct containing soluble proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, and phenolics, is typically discarded, causing resource waste and environmental issues. This study analyzed metabolic changes in BSBL during B49 fermentation. The result of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed significant metabolite profile differences across fermentation times (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h).

Salivary biomarkers in diabetes mellitus diagnostics: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide, requiring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for improved patient outcomes. Traditional glucose monitoring methods, such as venous blood sampling and fingertip glucose tests, are invasive and inconvenient. Salivary analysis, being noninvasive, easily accessible, and abundant, offers a promising diagnostic and monitoring alternative for DM.

Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Targeting Pyroptosis for Treatment of Diabetes Related Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Strategies.

Panax Ginseng C. A. Mey.

Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utility.

Methods: We conducted the largest global effort to date to harmonize T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses across five ancestries-European (EUR), African/African American (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS)-including 360,000 T2D cases and 1·8 million controls (41% non-EUR). We constructed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs in training datasets including 11,000 T2D cases and 32,000 controls, and validated their performance in independent datasets including 39,000 T2D cases and 126,000 controls of diverse ancestries.

Cyclic Amplified Programmable Allosteric DNA Biosensor for Enzyme-Triggered Spatially Controlled Mitochondrial Molecular Imaging.

The abnormal localization of mitochondrial human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is closely associated with tumor progression, prognosis, and drug resistance. While APE1 can localize to both the cytoplasm and nucleus as well as mitochondria. Consequently, the design of approaches with controllable localization for imaging of mitochondrial APE1 is particularly challenging.

Three new cyclopeptides from the Lycii cortex.

Ten cyclopeptides were isolated from the 70 % ethanol extract of Lycii Cortex and identified by physical and chemical properties and various spectroscopic methods. They were named as lyciumin E (1), lyciumin G (2), lyciumin F (3), lyciumin B methyl ester (4), lyciumin A methyl ester (5), lyciumin C methyl ester (6), lyciumin A (7), lyciumin B (8), lyciumin C (9) and lyciumin D (10). Among them, compounds 1-3 were new cyclopeptides, compound 4 was a new natural product, and compounds 5 and 6 were first isolated from this plant.

Functional Identification and Transcriptional Activity Analysis of Gene.

(L.) Schott synthesizes volatile sesquiterpenes through the mevalonate pathway (MVA), in which 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) serves as the key rate-limiting enzyme. Although HMGR plays a crucial role in terpenoid biosynthesis, its functional characteristics in and its involvement in stress responses remain unclear.

Acid-Sensing PAC Channel Promotes Astrocyte Acidosis in Ischemic Stroke.

Astrocyte is critically involved in the central nervous system homeostasis and initiates tissue pathology in response to insults to the central nervous system. However, whether and how astrocytes sense micro-environmental changes, such as ischemic stroke-associated acidification, remains largely unknown. Here we show that the proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel is widely expressed in glial cells in the brain and functionally mediates acid-induced chloride influx.

Pediatric anaphylaxis in the emergency department: Performances of dynamic tryptase measurement.

Background: Dynamic measurement of serum acute (sAT) and baseline (sBT) tryptase confirms mast cell degranulation during systemic hypersensitivity reactions, provided timing and interpretation are appropriate. The current consensus formula requires sAT greater than a personalized cutoff value [sAT > (1.2 × sBT) + 2].

Simplified radar architecture based on information metasurface.

Modern radar typically employs a chain radio-frequency (RF)-digital architecture, imposing high costs, substantial hardware burdens, and integration challenges. Here, we propose a simplified radar architecture based on space-time-coding (STC) information metasurfaces. With the capabilities to generate multiple frequencies and customize their phases, the STC metasurfaces play crucial roles in both transmission and reception: they enable chirp signal generation and radiation at the transmitter while facilitating echo reception and dechirp processing at the receiver.

Four Dairy Products Mitigates Sarcopenia in Mice by Modulating Muscle Inflammation, Autophagy, and Protein Degradation.

Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, poses a significant public health challenge. However, the specific role of dairy products in preventing sarcopenia is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of different dairy products on muscle metabolism, focusing on the differences between goat and bovine milk, the impact of dairy fat content, and the potential synergistic effects of vitamin D and calcium.

Associations Between Workplace Violence and Work Performance Among Nurses: A Longitudinal Study Based on Affective Events Theory.

Aim: This study aims to examine the chain-mediating effects of affective reactions and burnout on the relationship between workplace violence and work performance among nurses while distinguishing between physical and psychological violence.

Design: A longitudinal study was conducted between October 2020 and October 2022. The study took place in four tertiary hospitals of Shandong Province, China.

Protecting Deep Learning Model Copyrights With Adversarial Example-Free Reuse Detection.

Model reuse techniques can reduce the resource requirements for training high-performance deep neural networks (DNNs) by leveraging existing models. However, unauthorized reuse and replication of DNNs can lead to copyright infringement and economic loss to the model owner. This underscores the need to analyze the reuse relation between DNNs and develop copyright protection techniques to safeguard intellectual property rights.