A highly sensitive label-free aptamer sensor for timely detection of human serum albumin.

The trace-level detection of proteins in the human body holds significant importance for health monitoring and disease prevention. To conduct real-time monitoring of the human body's health status, both wearable and implantable devices require label-free sensing. However, the signals of a considerable number of label-free electrochemical sensors originate from the signal capture medium.

Simulation Study on the Effect of HIFU Irradiation Frequency and Duty Cycle Combination Parameter Optimization on Thermal Lesion of Biological Tissue.

Background: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) represents a non-invasive treatment approach that utilizes non-ionizing radiation. This technique has found clinical utility in managing both benign and malignant solid tumors.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the variations in HIFU frequency and duty cycle influence thermal lesion formation in tissue to identify the optimal parameter combination for HIFU therapy in multi-layered tissues.

Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production has attracted considerable interest in recent years as an eco-friendly and sustainable oxidizing agent. Its versatile applications span environmental protection, energy conversion, and chemical synthesis. Traditional industrial methods for HO production, primarily based on the anthraquinone process, are highly complex and energy-demanding.

Circumventing Radical Generation on Fe-V Atomic Pair Catalyst for Robust Oxygen Reduction and Zinc-Air Batteries.

Iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts are considered the most active platinum-free alternative for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) from general mechanistic pathway rapidly impair the ORR activity and stability of Fe-N-C. Herein, we establish and report an ORR pathway-switching strategy to circumvent ROS generation and fundamentally improve the activity and stability of Fe-N-C via DFT guided catalyst design. The constructed Fe-V atomic pair catalyst (FeV-NC) with NFe-N-VN configuration enables side-on adsorption of O and subsequent direct-breaking of the O═O bond to form O*, thereby avoiding the formation of ROS radicals.

Photochemistry-Enabled Nitrogen-Assisted Organostibines as an Efficient Alkyl Radical Precursor: Mechanistic Insights and Synthetic Applications.

Organostibines exhibit significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C─C-rich scaffolds owing to their orthogonal and robust reactivity features. At present, the transformation of C(sp)/C(sp)─Sb bonds into C─C bonds has established a mature methodology. However, breakthroughs in the C(sp)─Sb system still require systematic investigations into reaction mechanisms, catalyst design, and other aspects.

Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance of Insulin Resistance in Offspring With Intrauterine Growth Restriction Mediated by Hepatic GR/miR-1224 Programming.

Insulin resistance (IR) has fetal origin and gender preference. Here we traced glucose-insulin phenotypical changes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) female offspring at different ages and explore the mechanism. The IUGR model was established by prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE): dams were orally administered caffeine [(30, 120 mg(kg.

Multiquadrant presentation of eruption sequestrum: a case report and literature review.

Background: Eruption sequestrum (ES) is an uncommon condition characterized by irregular calcified tissues on the occlusal surfaces of erupting permanent molars, primarily in children. Despite its rarity, ES has been linked to potential complications, including gingivitis, occlusal trauma, and delayed tooth eruption.

Case Presentation: This paper reports a multiquadrant ES case affecting the first molars of bilateral maxillary and mandibular arches in a 6-year-old pediatric patient.

Directional Navigation of Low-Temperature Leidenfrost Droplets on Femtosecond Laser-Textured Superwettable Pattern Surfaces.

The Leidenfrost effect enables near-frictionless droplet transport by suspending droplets on vapor layers, making it pivotal for contact-free manipulation in microscale chemical reactions and material transport applications. Traditional ratchet structures that drive Leidenfrost droplet motion require the substrate material to be heated above the higher Leidenfrost point (LFP) critical temperature, which imposes significant demands on energy consumption and material heat resistance. Herein, we proposed a method that integrates femtosecond laser-induced deposition with femtosecond direct writing to fabricate a textured superwettable patterned surface, achieving directional droplet navigation at a notably low temperature of just 155 °C.

MRI-based deep learning radiomics in predicting histological differentiation of oropharyngeal cancer: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: The primary aim of this research was to create and rigorously assess a deep learning radiomics (DLR) framework utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to forecast the histological differentiation grades of oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective analysis encompassed 122 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer across three medical institutions in China. The participants were divided at random into two groups: a training cohort comprising 85 individuals and a test cohort of 37.

Rewriting the vascular script: epigenetic modifiers as scribes of metabolic reprogramming in pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening cardiovascular condition marked by the remodeling of pulmonary vasculature. Existing treatments provide limited efficacy, emphasizing the urgent need for deeper scientific exploration. This review investigates how vascular cell dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming contribute to PH pathology, with a focus on the interplay between epigenetic modifications and cellular metabolism.

Rational design of an ultra-high-gain MoS phototransistor enabling room-temperature detection of few-photon signals and attomolar-level immunosensing.

Determining the number of photons in an incident light pulse at room temperature is the ultimate goal of photodetection. Herein, we report a plasmon-strain-coupled tens of photon level phototransistor by integrating monolayer MoS on top of Au nanowire (NW). Within this structure, Au NW can greatly enhance incident light intensity around MoS, and the large tensile strain can reduce the contact energy barrier between MoS and Au NW, so as to achieve efficient injection of plasmonic hot electrons into MoS.

Targeting ARPC1B Cancer Stem Cells to Sensitise Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Treatment.

ARPC1B cancer stem cells (CSCs) in pancreatic cancer are identified as a subpopulation resistant to gemcitabine. In our study, drug repositioning, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique jointly revealed that CK-636 can directly target ARPC1B protein with high affinity. In vitro cytotoxicity, ex vivo organoid cultures, in vivo xenograft and orthotopic gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer model demonstrated that combination therapy of gemcitabine plus CK-636 showed a superior anti-tumor effect compared with gemcitabine monotherapy.

Integrating heavy metal concentration and slope gradient for ecological risk assessment in mountainous regions: insights from China's Dabie Mountain region.

Soil heavy metal (HM) contamination has emerged as a critical global ecological issue. This study examines the distribution and ecological risks of ten HMs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, As, Hg, and Mn) in the soils of the Dabie Mountain region, a hotspot for severe soil erosion in China. Results show that slope gradient influences the spatial distribution of HMs, with steep slopes (>10°) exhibiting higher Pb and Cd concentrations compared to gentle (<5°) and moderate slopes (5-10°).

Development of a multi-feature predictive model for risk stratification in stage IB-IIA non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive risk stratification model for stage IB-IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by integrating clinicopathological data with pre-treatment CT imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study included three independent cohorts of patients with stage IB-IIA NSCLC for model development and validation (Training: n = 370; Internal validation: n = 120; External validation: n = 70). Disease-free survival (DFS) was the primary endpoint.

The phytochrome-interacting factor CsPIF3a positively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis).

Chlorophyll corresponds to the green pigments in leaves and forms the color of leaves together with carotenoids, which also plays a crucial role in growth and yield in tea plants. Although genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis have been widely reported, the regulatory mechanism of transcription factors on chlorophyll biosynthesis remains to be further elucidated in tea plants. Here, we found chlorophyll content was strongly correlated with the expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes CsHEMA and CsPOR in tea leaves with different leaf colors.

Developmental stage-specific transcriptomics of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis reveals gene networks governing testicular maturation in Xianghuang chickens.

Sexual maturity significantly impacts poultry production efficiency, yet data on testicular development and regulatory mechanisms in indigenous breeds remain limited. In this study, we examined Xianghuang chickens, a indigenous early-maturing breed, to investigate the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. Hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis tissues were collected at 80 and 120 days post-hatch (dph) for analysis.

Pay more attention to the robustness of LLMs on adversarial prompt for instruction data mining.

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent studies have unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction data. Instruction-Following Difficulty is one of the most representative approaches in instruction data mining, which involves selecting samples where LLMs fail to generate response that align with the provided instructions as the high-quality instruction data.

JA Regulates Caffeine Biosynthesis in Tea Leaf for Resistance Against Fungal Infection and Antagonises With GA to Balance the Defence-Growth Trade-Off via CsDELLA-JAZ-MYC2-MYB184-TCS1 Module.

Caffeine is a defensive alkaloid primarily accumulated in tea leaves to defend against pathogens. But the regulatory mechanism for caffeine biosynthesis in response to fungal infection and the trade-off between specialised metabolite and plant growth remain elusive. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated CsMYB184 is the key for caffeine biosynthesis in tea leaves.

Decoding the limits of deep learning in molecular docking for drug discovery.

Structure-based molecular docking, a cornerstone of computational drug design, is undergoing a paradigm shift fueled by deep learning (DL) innovations. However, the rapid proliferation of DL-driven docking methods has created uncharted challenges in translating predictions to biomedical reality. Here, we delve into the performance and prospects of traditional methods and state-of-the-art DL docking paradigms-encompassing generative diffusion models, regression-based architectures, and hybrid frameworks-across five critical dimensions: pose prediction accuracy, physical plausibility, interaction recovery, virtual screening (VS) efficacy, and generalization across diverse protein-ligand landscapes.

Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune condition thyroid eye disease (TED). However, its precise molecular mechanisms and reliable biomarkers remain unclear. Bioinformatics enables the identification of differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic analysis.

China Expert consensus on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of infections in hematological disorders (2024).

Infections are frequent complications in patients with hematological disorders, and pathogen diagnosis remains challenging. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased high-throughput technology that has been widely applied in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, to date, there are no established international guidelines or expert consensuses regarding the use of mNGS to diagnose infections in patients with hematologic disorders.

Glutamate-associated research in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. As an important excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate plays a key role in the nervous system. The imbalance of glutamate levels, the dysfunction of related receptors, and the abnormal activity of transporters are closely associated with the pathological process of PD.

Survival predictors of lung cancer patients in ICU: the importance of acute kidney injury prediction and prevention.

Background: To identify potential predictors of short-term survival among patients with lung cancer admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: A multicenter longitudinal observational study of patients with lung cancer was conducted between May 10, 2021 and July 10, 2021, at the ICUs of 37 cancer-specialty hospitals in China. This study included patients with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer who were admitted to the ICU for ≥24 h.