The Eukaryotic homology search complex distorts donor DNA structure to probe for homology.

Unlabelled: Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA double-strand break repair pathway that facilitates genetic exchange and protects damaged replication forks during DNA synthesis. As a template-based repair process, the successful repair of a double-strand break depends on locating suitable homology from a donor DNA sequence elsewhere in the genome. In eukaryotes, Rad51 catalyzes the homology search in coordination with the ATP-dependent motor protein Rad54.

Hydrological regime mediates stoichiometry regime and source-sink alternation in shallow lakes.

Shallow lakes are increasingly subjected to pronounced alterations in hydrological regimes and exacerbated nutrient stoichiometric imbalances due to climate change and anthropogenic factors. Understanding the interactions between watershed eco-hydrological processes and lake systems, particularly their impact on nutrient balance dynamics deserves further investigation. Employing seasonal-trend decomposition (STL), Copula modeling, and the Lindeman-Merenda-Gold (LMG) algorithm, this study systematically analyzed eco-hydrological processes in Poyang Lake basin and identified hydrological regime as the key factor governing lake nutrient balance.

Association of Mediterranean Diet Adherence With Chronic Constipation and Chronic Diarrhea: Findings From NHANES.

This study investigated the association of Mediterranean diet (MED) adherence with chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea, using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious respiratory complication observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and people with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19. However, whether DM is a risk factor for post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between DM and the development of PCPF.

Isoimperatorin, a natural furanocoumarin, ameliorates ulcerative colitis by inducing Treg cell generation and promoting mucosal healing.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, primarily targets the colonic mucosa. Isoimperatorin is a natural furanocoumarin compound with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms in UC pathogenesis remain to be elucidated.

Baitouweng decoction modulates gut microbial production of indole-3-propionic acid and epithelial necroptosis to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory disorder structuring in the colon. Baitouweng decoction (BD) derived from Treatise on Cold Damage (Shang-Han-Lun in Chinese) has been used for the treatment of UC in clinical practice for more than 2000 years. However, the clear mechanism of BD is still unknown.

Preparation, characterization and host-guest interaction of photothermal-responsive modified carboxymethyl chitosan microcapsules.

Heterocyclic fragrance compounds possess unique aromas that can enhance flavor of products, but their applications are limited due to high volatility, short storage durations, and thermal instability. This paper used porphyrin grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) as wall material and selected four heterocyclic fragrance compounds as core materials to develop an effective controlled release system of photothermal-responsive microcapsules. The optimal preparation process for microcapsules was determined through response surface methodology (RSM).

Formation and stabilization mechanism of heterocyclic aroma compounds / β-CD/CS microcapsules.

Heterocyclic aroma compounds are a type of edible fragrances with strong nutty and baking aromas, which can improve food flavor. However, their applications are limited due to high volatility and poor stability. Therefore, the development of effective controlled release technologies is required.

Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Regulates the Antigen-Presenting Function of Dendritic Cells Resulting in T Cell Priming in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mice.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with progressive destruction of insulin-producing β cells in islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. However, the early pathogenic factors triggering the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells remain unclear. A study reported that FABP4 accelerates the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by inducing the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages and their infiltration into pancreatic islets.

Screening and validation of key genes involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer based on transcriptomics sequencing.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the male reproductive system. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 10-20% of advanced prostate cancer patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within five years, posing a significant challenge to treatment.

Atomic-Scale Control and In Situ Raman Probing of Hot Carrier Transport in Two-Dimensional Heterojunctions.

Chemical reactions triggered by plasmonic hot carriers attract growing attention due to their high activity and widely adjustable selectivity. However, precise control of hot carrier behaviors and catalytic reactions driven by them on the subnanometer scale remains challenging. Herein, the transportation of plasmonic hot carriers in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions consisting of graphene and MoS, as well as its influence on photocatalytic reactions, has been in situ monitored by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with atomic layer accuracy.

Treadmill training for gait rehabilitation in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, leads to lower extremity dysfunction that critically contributes to falls and disability, yet effective rehabilitation remains limited.

Objective: Systematic assessment of the effects of treadmill training on lower limb motor performance in patients with PD.

Methods: As of March 1, 2024, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that report the effects of treadmill training on patients with PD.

A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score discriminates between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to generate a population-specific type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) and assess whether it could improve discrimination between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Methods: We performed a genome-wide association analysis on 1303 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 2236 control individuals. An independent replication cohort of 501 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 853 control individuals was used to validate the top common variant associations.

A Novel Black Widow Optimization Algorithm Based on Lagrange Interpolation Operator for ResNet18.

Hyper-parameters play a critical role in neural networks; they significantly impact both training effectiveness and overall model performance. Proper hyper-parameter settings can accelerate model convergence and improve generalization. Among various hyper-parameters, the learning rate is particularly important.

Association between seropositivity and the hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in U.S. adults: evidence from NHANES.

Background: () infection is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the association between seropositivity and the newly proposed hemoglobin A1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C ratio) in a nationally representative U.S.

Lead induced intracellular copper redox imbalance with aggravated cellular dysfunction.

Lead (Pb) represents a critical environmental health concern due to its profound impact on neurodegenerative processes, yet its specific influences on copper (Cu) redox states and associated cellular dysfunction remain inadequately understood. Cu is an essential element required for numerous physiological processes, with its redox equilibrium being particularly critical for mitochondrial function. In this study, we used SH-SY5Y cells as normal human neuron cells and constructed Alzheimer Disease (AD) cell model to study the effects of Pb toxicity in AD-like pathogenesis in human neuron cells.

Activation of CB1R alleviates autism spectrum disorder-like behavior and synaptic impairments.

We previously found that enhancing the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) could improve autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. This study investigated the effect of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) in ASD with pharmacological, genetic and brain-targeted intervention and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that blocking CB1R counteracted the beneficial effects of boosting 2-AG or AEA on ASD-like behaviors in valproic acid (VPA)-exposed mice.

-Derived Postbiotics as a Multifunctional Bio-Catalyst for Enhancing Lactic Acid Bacteria Viability and Yogurt Quality.

This study demonstrates that GDAAS-A32-derived postbiotics (BSP) enhance yogurt production by optimizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability and functionality. BSP enhanced the growth kinetics and biomass accumulation of and in both an anaerobic and aerobic pure system. The addition of BSP significantly increased the viable cell counts of and , milk-clotting activity, sensory properties, and extracellular polysaccharide content and improved the rheological properties.

Genetic insights support PARP1 as a mediator in the protective association of ATP-citrate lyase inhibitors with melanoma.

ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors emerge as a promising anti-cancer strategy, yet their causal effects across various cancer types remain unclear. Here, we employ a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) approach using four cis-expression quantitative trait loci for blood ACLY gene expression as genetic instruments to mimic ACLY inhibition. We utilize genetic data from the eQTLGen consortium (N = 31,684) for ACLY expression, the deCODE study (N = 35,559) for plasma proteome, and large-scale cancer genome-wide association studies consortia (N from 49,708 to 417,127) to investigate the association of genetically mimicked ACLY inhibitors with 17 cancers and identify potential mediating proteins.

Integration of Multi-Omics and Network Pharmacology Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Qingchang Huashi Jianpi Bushen Formula in Repairing the Epithelial Barrier of Ulcerative Colitis.

Purpose: Derivation of Qingchang Huashi formula, named Qingchang Huashi Jianpi Bushen (QCHS_JPBS) formula, has shown significant therapeutic effect on patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, the potential mechanism of QCHS_JPBS formula in repairing mucosal damage was explored from the perspective of intestinal stem cell (ISCs) differentiation, and potential targets of the QCHS_JPBS formula to improve UC were predicted using network pharmacology analysis.

Methods: The therapeutic efficacy of QCHS_JPBS formula was evaluated in a mouse model of 2.

[Angelicae Dahuricae Radix polysaccharides treat ulcerative colitis in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolism].

This study employed 16S r RNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics to explore the mechanism of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix polysaccharides(RP) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC). A mouse model of UC was induced with 2. 5% dextran sulfate sodium.

Association of C1QTNF6 gene polymorphism with risk and clinical features of type 1 diabetes in Chinese: implications for ZnT8A and beta-cell function.

Introduction: Genome-wide association study identified as a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Caucasians. We aimed to investigate if rs229541 in conferred susceptibility to T1D in Chinese, independent of genotypes and if this gene polymorphism affected the clinical profiles of T1D.

Methods: In this case-control study, genotypes of rs229541 were obtained from 1278 patients with T1D and 1282 nondiabetic controls using MassARRAY.

Phase Modulation of 2D Semiconducting GaTe from Hexagonal to Monoclinic through Layer Thickness Control and Strain Engineering.

Phase engineering offers a novel approach to modulate the properties of materials for versatile applications. Two-dimensional (2D) GaTe, an emerging III-VI semiconductor, can exist in hexagonal () or monoclinic () phases with fascinating phase-dependent properties (e.g.

Test-retest reliability of pre-cue and anticipatory alpha activity in visual spatial attention.

Alpha-band activity over the parietal-occipital cortex is a canonical neural marker of visual spatial attention. However, the ongoing debate surrounds whether this activity represents as an active mechanism in gating visual information processing or if it merely reflects an epiphenomenal consequence of anticipatory attentional shifts. Despite this debate, the temporal stability of alpha activity in visual spatial attention, an essential aspect for this discussion, remains ambiguous.