Prognostic impact and characteristics of ROS1 fusion in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of ROS1 fusion in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent complete resection and ROS1 testing between 2015 and 2020 were included. Propensity score matching (1:2) was applied to balance baseline characteristics.

3D-Printed Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Hydrogels Derived from Multiple Tissues for Integrated Construction of Complex Organs.

Due to the lack of suitable donors and concerns about immune rejection after transplantation, the demand for artificial organs among patients is increasing. Extracellular matrix-mimicking hydrogels provide excellent prospects for overcoming the limitations of current artificial organ construction methods. Here, a set of extracellular matrix-mimicking hydrogels derived from multiple animal tissues is described, which meets the regeneration needs of multiple tissues after xenotransplantation.

Development of a multi-feature predictive model for risk stratification in stage IB-IIA non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive risk stratification model for stage IB-IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by integrating clinicopathological data with pre-treatment CT imaging.

Methods: This retrospective study included three independent cohorts of patients with stage IB-IIA NSCLC for model development and validation (Training: n = 370; Internal validation: n = 120; External validation: n = 70). Disease-free survival (DFS) was the primary endpoint.

Multiplexed self-adaptable Janus hydrogels rescue epithelial malfunction to promote complete trachea repair.

Epithelial malfunction rescue is the decisive step involved in complete trachea repair; however, this step remains challenging due to the harsh tracheal environment and unclear pathogenesis, which still made current bioengineered trachea transplants receive fatal complications. Herein, bacterial infection-induced neutrophilic oxidative stress imbalance and epithelial stemness loss were identified as the pathogenic factors. Targeting pathogenesis, multiplexed hydrogels with adhesive and anti-fouling Janus sides, anti-swelling and anti-bacteria properties are constructed to adapt in mucous and causative agent-rich trachea environments.

Prognostic Impact and Recurrence Pattern of KRAS G12C Mutation in Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The effect of KRAS mutant subtypes on the outcome and recurrence pattern of patients with nonadvanced lung cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to broadly elucidate the oncologic characteristics of G12C mutation in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 18,509 stage I-III NSCLC patients who received surgical resection and genetic assay were retrospectively enrolled.

A METTL3-NFE2L3 axis mediates tumor stemness and progression in lung adenocarcinoma.

The progression of lung adenocarcinoma is primarily driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have self-renewal capabilities and confer resistance to therapies, including neoadjuvant treatments combining chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we identified that OV6 tumor cells exhibit stem-like characteristics and are notably enriched in patients with non-major pathological response, closely associated with resistance to combination therapies. Hypoxia and HIF1α were found to drive the formation of OV6 CSCs.

A multiomics dataset of paired CT image and plasma cell-free DNA end motif for patients with pulmonary nodules.

Diagnosing lung cancer at a curable stage offers the opportunity for a favorable prognosis. The emerging epigenomics analysis on plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), including 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modifications, has acted as a promising approach facilitating the identification of lung cancer. And, integrating 5mC biomarker with chest computed tomography (CT) image features could optimize the diagnosis of lung cancer, exceeding the performance of models built on single feature.

A single-cell atlas reveals immune heterogeneity in anti-PD-1-treated non-small cell lung cancer.

Anti-PD-(L)1 treatment is standard for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but patients show variable responses to the same regimen. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with immunotherapy response, yet the heterogeneous underlying therapeutic outcomes remain underexplored. We applied single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing (scRNA/TCR-seq) to analyze surgical tumor samples from 234 NSCLC patients post-neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.

Comparison of Short- and Long-term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Lobectomy With or Without Buttressing the Bronchial Anastomosis.

Background: This study evaluated whether buttressing the bronchial anastomosis with an autogenous pedicled flap has short- and long-term advantages for patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent bronchial sleeve lobectomy for centrally located non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively identified. Perioperative outcomes, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were compared between those who received anastomosis coverage and those who did not before and after stable inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

3D-printed Engineered Trachea Functionalized by Diverse Extracellular Matrix Particles.

It remains a significant challenge to construct a tracheal substitute with both a native-like structure and multiple essential physiological functions. In this study, a combination of 3D printing techniques and a modular strategy is employed to fabricate an engineered trachea, in which the decellularized extracellular matrix particles (DEPs) from diverse sources determined specific regenerative environments in different spatial regions. Costal cartilage-derived DEPs are integrated within the cartilage rings of the engineered trachea.

Whole slide image based deep learning refines prognosis and therapeutic response evaluation in lung adenocarcinoma.

Existing prognostic models are useful for estimating the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, but there remains room for improvement. In the current study, we developed a deep learning model based on histopathological images to predict the recurrence risk of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The efficiency of the model was then evaluated in independent multicenter cohorts.

Prognostic Impact of Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Patients With Resectable NSCLC After Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy: A Brief Report.

Objective: The potential survival benefits of adjuvant immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and the optimal number of adjuvant immunotherapy cycles, remain uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of adjuvant immunotherapy and determine the optimal number of cycles.

Methods: A total of 438 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy between August 2019 and June 2022 across four hospitals were enrolled in this study, with a median follow-up time of 31.

Integrated multiomics signatures to optimize the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer.

Diagnosing lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPLs) remains challenging. In this multi-institutional study involving 2032 participants with IPLs, we integrate the clinical, radiomic with circulating cell-free DNA fragmentomic features in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-enriched regions to establish a multiomics model (clinic-RadmC) for predicting the malignancy risk of IPLs. The clinic-RadmC yields an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.

SNAI1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and maintains cancer stem cell-like properties in thymic epithelial tumors through the PIK3R2/p-EphA2 Axis.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are infrequent malignancies that arise from the anterior mediastinum. Therapeutic options for TETs, especially thymic carcinoma (TC), remain relatively constrained. This study aims to investigate the oncogenic hub gene and its underlying mechanisms in TETs, as well as to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Long-term prognostic characteristics of patients with clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma: a conditional survival analysis.

Objectives: Despite excellent 5-year survival, there are limited data on the long-term prognostic characteristics of clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma. The objective was to elucidate the dynamics of prognostic characteristics through conditional survival analysis.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent complete resection for clinical stage IA part-solid lung adenocarcinoma between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy confers survival advantage for patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy.

Objectives: It has been demonstrated that neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy was safe and feasible referred to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing sleeve lobectomy. Nevertheless, no survival data were reported in the previous researches. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by sleeve lobectomy for long-term survival outcomes.

Spread Through Air Spaces in Residual Tumor Classification for Clinical IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: We aimed to validate the prognostic implication of uncertain resection, R(un), proposed by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and evaluate the prognostic value of spread through air spaces (STAS) in reclassifying the R classification among patients with lung adenocarcinoma after segmentectomy.

Methods: We enrolled 1007 patients who underwent segmentectomy for c-stage IA lung adenocarcinoma between 2014 and 2017. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared to evaluate the prognostic value of IASLC-R(un) and STAS.

Incorporation of the lepidic component as an additional pathological T descriptor for non-small cell lung cancer: Data from 3335 cases of lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: The Lepidic Component (LP) identifies a subgroup with an excellent prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our research aimed to propose an improved pathological T (pT) stage for LUAD based on LP.

Materials And Methods: Totally, 3335 surgical patients with pathological stage I LUAD were incorporated.

Breaking boundaries in radiology: redefining AI diagnostics via raw data ahead of reconstruction.

In the realm of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for medical image analysis, the paradigm of 'signal-image-knowledge' has remained unchanged. However, the process of 'signal to image' inevitably introduces information distortion, ultimately leading to irrecoverable biases in the 'image to knowledge' process. Our goal is to skip reconstruction and build a diagnostic model directly from the raw data (signal).

Prognostic outcomes and recurrence patterns in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma harbouring atypical epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.

Objectives: Limited data exist on the characteristics of atypical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in early-stage lung cancer. Our goal was to elucidate the associations with outcomes and recurrence patterns in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma harbouring atypical EGFR mutations.

Methods: Eligible patients between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively identified and grouped into exon20 insertion mutations and major atypical mutations, which included G719X, L861Q and S768I.

A Highly Sensitive and Specific Non-Invasive Test through Genome-Wide 5-Hydroxymethylation Mapping for Early Detection of Lung Cancer.

Low-dose computed tomography screening can increase the detection for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To improve the diagnostic accuracy of early-stage NSCLC detection, ultrasensitive methods are used to detect cell-free DNA (cfDNA) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in plasma. Genome-wide 5hmC is profiled in 1990 cfDNA samples collected from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 727), healthy controls (HEA, n = 1,092), as well as patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n = 41), followed by sample randomization, differential analysis, feature selection, and modeling using a machine learning approach.

PET/CT based cross-modal deep learning signature to predict occult nodal metastasis in lung cancer.

Occult nodal metastasis (ONM) plays a significant role in comprehensive treatments of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to develop a deep learning signature based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict ONM of clinical stage N0 NSCLC. An internal cohort (n = 1911) is included to construct the deep learning nodal metastasis signature (DLNMS).

Prognostic Significance of the Proposed Residual Tumor Classification in Patients With NSCLC After Sleeve Lobectomy.

Introduction: To validate the residual tumor (R) classification proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) in NSCLC after sleeve lobectomy.

Methods: A total of 682 patients were analyzed. The R status, on the basis of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) criteria, was recategorized according to the IASLC descriptors.