The IL-36γ/PEDF/PPARγ signalling pathway plays an anti-inflammatory role in Candida albicans keratitis.

Fungal keratitis caused by Candida albicans (CA) is a common, disabling eye disease with a complex immune response system, affecting diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The specific regulatory roles and interactions of IL-36γ and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in this disease remain largely unclarified. Additionally, the influence of miR-204-5p on the expression and anti-inflammatory functions of IL-36γ and PEDF in CA keratitis is insufficiently explored.

Instantaneous T Mapping via Reduced Field of View Multiple Overlapping-Echo Detachment Imaging: Application in Free-Breathing Abdominal and Myocardial Imaging.

Objective: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) has attracted more and more attention in clinical diagnosis and medical sciences due to its capability to non-invasively characterize tissue properties. Nevertheless, most qMRI methods are time-consuming and sensitive to motion, making them inadequate for quantifying organs with physiological movement. In this context, single-shot multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) imaging technique has been presented, but its acquisition efficiency and image quality are limited when the field of view (FOV) is smaller than the object, especially for abdominal organs and myocardium.

Association Between Pathologic Response and Survival Following Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) recommended applying a 10% residual viable tumour (%RVT) threshold for major pathological response (MPR) to all therapies. However, evidence supporting the association between pathological regression and prognosis after neoadjuvant targeted therapy is lacking.

Methods: This study retrospectively included 228 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant adenocarcinoma receiving neoadjuvant targeted therapy.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Subsegmental versus More Central Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Lung Cancer.

The clinical significance of lung cancer-associated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unclear.This study retrospectively included 902 patients with lung cancer-associated PE (160 subsegmental PE, 742 more central PE). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the risk of all-cause death.

Validation and refinement of the ninth edition ypN descriptor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy.

Objectives: Although the ninth edition N descriptors have been validated in upfront surgery populations, evidence supporting their validity in prognostic stratification in the neoadjuvant setting remains sparse. The study aimed to validate the prognostic relevance of exploratory quaternary N scheme refinement relative to the ninth edition N classification in postneoadjuvant non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: We identified 1005 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent complete resection after neoadjuvant therapy from 4 centers between May 2019 and September 2022.

Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Patients with ALK or ROS1 Rearrangement Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the outcomes after neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangement locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real world.

Methods: Patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement locally advanced NSCLC received neoadjuvant targeted therapy between October 2018 and December 2023 in Shanghai pulmonary hospital were enrolled in this study. Perioperative and follow-up data of these patients were retrospectively recorded.

Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation, with neutrophils playing a central role in its inflammatory pathology. Here, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to investigate neutrophil subtypes in the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model. We identify CD177 neutrophils as an activated subpopulation that significantly contributes to lung injury and serves as an early biomarker for predicting severe PGD in human lung transplant recipients (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

Artificial intelligence driven 3D reconstruction for enhanced lung surgery planning.

The increasing complexity of lung surgeries necessitates the need for enhanced imaging support to improve the precision and efficiency of preoperative planning. Despite the promise of 3D reconstruction, clinical adoption remains limited due to time constraints and insufficient validation. To address this, we evaluate an artificial intelligence-driven 3D reconstruction system for pulmonary vessels and bronchi in a retrospective, multi-center multi-reader multi-case study.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of pig lung transplantation reveals macrophage ferroptosis in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: While current lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) research predominantly relies on small animal models, significant interspecies physiological disparities between rodents and humans frequently lead to translational failures of promising therapies. This translational gap underscores the critical need for developing large animal models in IRI pathophysiology studies.

Methods: We developed an orthotopic, single-lung transplant pig model to simulate prolonged cold IRI.

Single-shot T mapping via multi-slice information sharing based on switching modulation patterns multiple overlapping-echo detachment imaging.

Background: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) offers reliable biomarkers in clinic. Nevertheless, most qMRI methods are time-consuming and sensitive to motion. Single-shot multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) magnetic resonance imaging can deliver robust T mapping in about 100 ms with high motion tolerance.

Proteogenomic characterization reveals tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer manifested as subsolid nodules.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) radiologically displayed as subsolid nodules (SSNs) is prevalent. Nevertheless, the precise clinical management of SSNs necessitates a profound understanding of their tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we analyze 66 LUAD displayed as SSNs covering 3 histological stages including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) by incorporating genomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics and glycoproteomics.

Comparison of efficacy and safety between gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma treatment: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Trabeculectomy (TRAB) traditionally has been the gold-standard surgical treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), while gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is an emerging minimally invasive surgery used for the treatment of various open-angle glaucoma (OAG) types. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between GATT and TRAB for the treatment of POAG.

Methods: This cohort study included eyes with POAG that underwent a single GATT (30 eyes) or TRAB (34 eyes).

YY1 downregulation underlies therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents.

During targeted treatment, oncogene-addicted tumor cells often evolve from an initial drug-sensitive state through a drug-tolerant persister bottleneck toward the ultimate emergence of drug-resistant clones. The molecular basis underlying this therapy-induced evolutionary trajectory has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we employed a multifaceted approach and implicated the convergent role of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in the course of diverse targeted kinase inhibitors.

Clinical features, outcomes, and anticoagulant strategies in lung cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis.

Introduction: The clinical presentation, outcomes, and anticoagulation strategies in patients with lung cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (LC-iDDVT) are not well-defined.

Materials And Methods: The study included 593 patients with LC-iDDVT and 260 patients with lung cancer-associated proximal DVT (LC-Proximal DVT). LC-iDDVT was further classified into axial venous thrombosis (AVT; 112 patients) and muscular venous thrombosis (MVT; 481 patients).

Spread Through Air Spaces in Residual Tumor Classification for Clinical IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: We aimed to validate the prognostic implication of uncertain resection, R(un), proposed by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and evaluate the prognostic value of spread through air spaces (STAS) in reclassifying the R classification among patients with lung adenocarcinoma after segmentectomy.

Methods: We enrolled 1007 patients who underwent segmentectomy for c-stage IA lung adenocarcinoma between 2014 and 2017. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared to evaluate the prognostic value of IASLC-R(un) and STAS.

Patients with episodic migraine without aura have an increased rate of delayed discounting.

Objective: This study aimed to explore decision-making impulsivity and its neural mechanisms in patients with episodic migraine without aura (EMoA).

Background: Previous evidence indicates increased impulsivity and altered reward processing in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse; however, whether the same holds true for those with EMoA is unclear.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with EMoA (n = 51) and healthy controls (HC, n = 45) were recruited.

CXCL16 exacerbates Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis by promoting neutrophil activation.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis is a major cause of blindness characterized by corneal inflammation. In a murine model of PA keratitis, we assessed the detrimental effects of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16). Quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression and localization of CXCL16 and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6).

Intestinal microbiota links to allograft stability after lung transplantation: a prospective cohort study.

Whether the alternated microbiota in the gut contribute to the risk of allograft rejection (AR) and pulmonary infection (PI) in the setting of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) remains unexplored. A prospective multicenter cohort of LTRs was identified in the four lung transplant centers. Paired fecal and serum specimens were collected and divided into AR, PI, and event-free (EF) groups according to the diagnosis at sampling.

Validation of the Proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Residual Tumor Classification to Upgrade Extracapsular Extension of Tumor in Nodes From R0 to Incomplete Resection.

Introduction: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed a revised R classification to upstage extracapsular extension (ECE) of tumor in nodes from R0 to R1. Nevertheless, evidence to confirm this proposal is insufficient.

Methods: The study included 4061 surgical patients with NSCLC.

Clinical utility of [F]FDG PET/CT in the assessment of mediastinal lymph node disease after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The performance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the prediction of ypN2 disease in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has not been reported. This multicenter study investigated the utility of PET/CT to assess ypN2 disease in these patients.

Methods: A total of 181 consecutive patients (chemoimmunotherapy = 86, chemotherapy = 95) at four institutions were enrolled in this study.

Protective effects of resolvin D1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.

Purpose: Here, we explored the protective effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis.

Methods: C57BL/6 (B6) mice were used as an animal model of PA keratitis. Plate counting and clinical scores were used to assess the severity of the infection and the therapeutic effects of RvD1 in the model.

Development of the semi-dry dot-blot method for intraoperative detecting micropapillary component in lung adenocarcinoma based on proteomics analysis.

Background: Micropapillary (MIP) component was a major concern in determining surgical strategy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We sought to develop a novel method for detecting MIP component during surgery.

Methods: Differentially expressed proteins between MIP-positive and MIP-negative LUAD were identified through proteomics analysis.

AI-based chest CT semantic segmentation algorithm enables semi-automated lung cancer surgery planning by recognizing anatomical variants of pulmonary vessels.

Background: The recognition of anatomical variants is essential in preoperative planning for lung cancer surgery. Although three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction provided an intuitive demonstration of the anatomical structure, the recognition process remains fully manual. To render a semiautomated approach for surgery planning, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest CT semantic segmentation algorithm that recognizes pulmonary vessels on lobular or segmental levels.

Expression Analysis of Ligand-Receptor Pairs Identifies Cell-to-Cell Crosstalk between Macrophages and Tumor Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Macrophage plays crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment, but its autocrine network and communications with tumor cell are still unclear.

Methods: We acquired single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) ( = 30) and bulk RNA sequencing ( = 1480) samples of lung adenocarcinoma patients from previous literatures and publicly available databases.