Oral microbiome between patients with non-obstructive and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: The profile and clinical significance of the oral microbiome in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (noHCM) and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference of oral microbiome between noHCM and oHCM patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 18 noHCM patients and 26 oHCM patients from Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2020 and 2021.

Porous nanostructured cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte/titanium dioxide nanosheet heterojunction for enhanced cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Modified TiO photocatalysts face challenges dependence on cocatalysts, weak interfacial interactions, and poor wettability. This work presents an effective strategy by coupling donor-donor (D-D) type cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[(9,9-bis(3'-((N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammonium)-propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)]dibromide (PFN-Br) with two-dimensional TiO (2D-TiO₂) nanosheets to construct type-II heterojunctions rich in active sites. Under optimal conditions, the 2D-TiO/50 wt% PFN-Br (2D-Ti/PBr-50) heterojunction achieved a hydrogen evolution reaction of 2621.

The trajectory of frailty index and its association with rapid decline in kidney function and the incidence of chronic kidney disease: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the association between the frailty index trajectory in older adults from a longitudinal cohort and rapid decline in kidney function as well as the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Method: This study included 4,207 participants aged 45 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), who underwent baseline assessments in 2011-2012 and were followed up in 2013 and 2015. The study selected 31 items to construct the frailty index (FI), with the FI value positively correlated with the degree of frailty in individuals.

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib for resectable stage IIA-IIIA NSCLC: a multicenter, two-arm, phase II exploratory trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, combined with either chemotherapy or apatinib, a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, as neoadjuvant treatment for stage IIA-IIIA NSCLC.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, dual-arm, non-randomized phase II trial enrolled participants from four hospitals in China between September 2020 and March 2022. Patients received 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery.

Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Patients with ALK or ROS1 Rearrangement Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the outcomes after neoadjuvant targeted therapy in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangement locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real world.

Methods: Patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement locally advanced NSCLC received neoadjuvant targeted therapy between October 2018 and December 2023 in Shanghai pulmonary hospital were enrolled in this study. Perioperative and follow-up data of these patients were retrospectively recorded.

Patterns of left ventricular trabeculation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) trabeculation are increasingly observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but its clinical significance remains controversial. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of LV trabeculation and evaluate its prognostic value in HCM.

Methods: We evaluated 1028 patients with HCM undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance.

Artificial intelligence driven 3D reconstruction for enhanced lung surgery planning.

The increasing complexity of lung surgeries necessitates the need for enhanced imaging support to improve the precision and efficiency of preoperative planning. Despite the promise of 3D reconstruction, clinical adoption remains limited due to time constraints and insufficient validation. To address this, we evaluate an artificial intelligence-driven 3D reconstruction system for pulmonary vessels and bronchi in a retrospective, multi-center multi-reader multi-case study.

Palliative surgery is effective in patients with -mutant lung adenocarcinoma with pleural metastasis.

Background: Pleural metastasis is a common metastatic pattern in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (-LUADm); however, the value of palliative surgery for these patients remains controversial. The purpose of the present study aims to investigate whether palliative surgery benefits in stage IVA LUADm patients with pleural metastasis, who achieved complete remission of pleural lesions following targeted therapy.

Methods: From November 2014 to November 2023, patients with stage IVA -LUADm with pleural metastasis at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were retrospectively included in this study.

Neoadjuvant Aumolertinib for unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm phase II trial.

Aumolertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is widely utilized for advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLCm). This single-arm, phase II trial (NCT04685070) assessed the feasibility of neoadjuvant Aumolertinib for unresectable stage III NSCLCm. Fifty-six patients were enrolled, with 51 participants receiving neoadjuvant Aumolertinib (110 mg/day, orally) and forming the intention-to-treat population.

Inhalable neutrophil-mimicking nanoparticles for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an intractable disease with thick mucus layer in bronchi and alveoli, frequently accompanied by bacterial infection. Anti-bacterial drugs with mucus penetrating are urgently needed for efficient COPD treatment. Here, a neutrophil-mimicking nanovehicle was developed by coating neutrophil membrane onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing antibiotics levofloxacin (LVX).

Anti-PD1 based precision induction therapy in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II umbrella clinical trial.

The efficacy and safety of induction-immunotherapy followed by surgery for unresectable Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain challenging. In this open-label, single-center, phase II clinical umbrella trial (ChiCTR2000035367), 100 unresectable Stage III NSCLC patients are enrolled. Patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% but contraindications to anti-angiogenic therapy receive immuno-monotherapy.

Analyzing and Validating the Role of Genes Related to Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Signaling in the Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer.

Aims: We aimed to develop a reliable prognostic tool related to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for guiding treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC).

Background: The treatment strategies for PC being greatly advanced the prognosis of cancer still remains unfavorable.

Objective: To develop a RiskScore model for evaluating PC prognosis.

Selective inhibition of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition overcomes chemotherapy resistance in high-risk lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) represents a major subtype of lung cancer, and it demonstrates limited treatment options and worse survival. Identifications of a prognostic model and chemoresistance mechanism can be helpful for improving stratification and guiding therapy decisions. The integrative development of machine learning-based models reveals a random survival forest (RSF) prognostic model for LUSC.

Microstructural and Performance Analysis of (TiAl)CuNi Coatings Prepared via Laser Surface Cladding on Ti-6Al-4V Substrates.

In this study, the surface of (Ti-6Al-4V)TC4 alloy was modified via laser cladding. The elemental composition of the coating was (TiAl)CuNi, with Ni as the variable (where x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 at.%).

Salivary iodine concentrations can estimate iodine intake and diagnose abnormal thyroid function: a cross-sectional study in pregnant and lactating women in iodine-deficient areas.

Salivary iodine concentrations (SIC) and urinary iodine concentrations are correlated. This study aimed to verify the use of SIC as a biomarker for estimating iodine intake in pregnant and lactating women and to diagnose abnormal thyroid function. A cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Xinjiang, China.

Subxiphoid Uniportal Robotic Assisted Right Upper Lobectomy in Swine: A Novel Technology.

Background: Uniportal video assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become widely accepted with increasing subxiphoid approach for major pulmonary resections. The purpose of this study was to verify the safety and feasibility of a SHURUI single port (SP) Robotic Surgical System in subxiphoid right upper lobectomy.

Methods: Five swine models were used to perform subxiphoid right upper lobectomy with SHURUI SP Robotic Surgical System.

Number of involved nodal stations predicts survival in small cell lung cancer.

Background: In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the pathological N category is identical to it in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and remains unchanged over a decade. Here we verified the discriminability of number of involved nodal stations (nS) in SCLC and compared its efficacy in predicting survival with currently used pathological nodal (pN) staging.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients who received operations and were pathologically diagnosed as SCLC at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between 2009 and 2019.

Enhanced expression of miR-20a driven by nanog exacerbated the degradation of extracellular matrix in thoracic aortic dissection.

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening vascular disease manifested as intramural bleeding in the medial layers of the thoracic aorta. The key histopathologic feature of TAD is medial degeneration, characterized by depletion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). MicroRNA, as essential epigenetic regulators, can inhibit the protein expression of target genes without modifying the sequences.

Neoadjuvant aumolertinib monotherapy for EGFR-mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality in China, and more than 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are in the locally advanced stage at the first-time diagnosis. Currently, neoadjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) combined with radical surgery is effective in the treatment of unresectable stage III EGFR-mutated NSCLC (NSCLCm), and related studies are gradually increasing. But the feasibility of neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI combined with radical surgery for unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQm) remains controversial.

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus chemotherapy or apatinib (a VEGFR-2 inhibitor) for initially unresectable stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 exploratory study.

This multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib in patients with initially unresectable stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible patients regardless of PD-L1 expression received neoadjuvant camrelizumab 200 mg and platinum-doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks (arm A) or those with PD-L1-positive tumors received neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib 250 mg once daily (arm B), for 2-4 cycles, followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was major pathological response (MPR) rate.

Limited resection is comparable to lobectomy for tumor size ≤ 2 cm pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) has a rare incidence with better prognosis than nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. We aimed to investigate the prognosis between limited resection and lobectomy for patients with clinical stage IA IMA ≤ 2 cm.

Methods: Data were taken from two cohorts: In Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH) corhort, we identified 403 patients with clinical stage IA IMA who underwent surgery.

Construction land reduction projects as a pathway to sustainability: an empirical analysis of risks factors in China.

Construction land reduction (CLR) is an effective instrument to improve intensive land use, restrict the expansion of construction land, safeguard the requisition-compensation balance of construction land in China, and realize sustainable development. But multiple risks arise from the process of construction land reduction. In that case, identifying and analyzing the key risks of CLR is the prerequisite for formulating practical policy guidelines.

Proteogenomic characterization of small cell lung cancer identifies biological insights and subtype-specific therapeutic strategies.

We performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using paired tumors and adjacent lung tissues from 112 treatment-naive patients who underwent surgical resection. Integrated multi-omics analysis illustrated cancer biology downstream of genetic aberrations and highlighted oncogenic roles of FAT1 mutation, RB1 deletion, and chromosome 5q loss. Two prognostic biomarkers, HMGB3 and CASP10, were identified.

Perioperative outcomes comparison of robotic and video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymic epithelial tumor: a single-center experience.

Background: The advent of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) has completely revolutionized the modality of thymectomy, which could reportedly achieve equivalent efficacy compared with a minimally invasive approach. This study was conducted to further compare the perioperative outcomes between these two modalities.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study that included patients receiving either a robotic or video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) thymectomy between February 2021 and January 2023 was conducted.

Overexpression of VEGFA mediated by HIF-1 is associated with higher rate of spread through air spaces in resected lung adenocarcinomas.

Background: Spread through air spaces (STAS), a newly identified pattern of invasion in lung adenocarcinomas (LACs), is an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with LAC, but the molecular characteristics and mechanisms underlying STAS have not been adequately explored.

Methods: In total, 650 pathologically confirmed invasive LAC patients who underwent curative resection between December 2019 and April 2020 were reviewed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model.