Environmental risk factors, protective factors and lifestyles for lung cancer: an umbrella review.

Background: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with environmental exposures and lifestyle factors playing a crucial role in its etiology. This umbrella review aims to systematically assess and classify the strength of evidence for environmental and lifestyle factors associated with lung cancer risk.

Methods: A systematic search of published meta-analyses was conducted from database inception until January 31, 2025.

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib for resectable stage IIA-IIIA NSCLC: a multicenter, two-arm, phase II exploratory trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, combined with either chemotherapy or apatinib, a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, as neoadjuvant treatment for stage IIA-IIIA NSCLC.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, dual-arm, non-randomized phase II trial enrolled participants from four hospitals in China between September 2020 and March 2022. Patients received 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery.

Harnessing local and system immune profiling delineating differential responders to first-line sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) combined with chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: an exploratory biomarker analysis of a phase II study.

While chemo-immunotherapy has been established as the frontline therapeutic regimen for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), durable responses persist predominantly in a minor population of patients. This underscores critical need to elucidate underlying local tumor microenvironment and systematic immune profiles for biomarker discovery. In this phase II trial (ChiCTR2000038354), the efficacy, safety, and immune-genomic signatures of sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) synergized with chemotherapy as first-line regimen for ES-SCLC were evaluated.

A deep learning model combining circulating tumor cells and radiological features in the multi-classification of mediastinal lesions in comparison with thoracic surgeons: a large-scale retrospective study.

Background: CT images and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are indispensable for diagnosing the mediastinal lesions by providing radiological and intra-tumoral information. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep multimodal fusion network (DMFN) combining CTCs and CT images for the multi-classification of mediastinal lesions.

Methods: In this retrospective diagnostic study, we enrolled 1074 patients with 1500 enhanced CT images and 1074 CTCs results between Jan 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2023.

Pulmonary Function Recovery and Displacement Patterns After Anatomic Segmentectomy vs Lobectomy.

Background: The functional benefit of segmentectomy compared with lobectomy remains controversial. This ambispective study characterizes the changes in pulmonary function as correlated to displacement patterns of residual lung after segmentectomies vs lobectomies.

Methods: Patients with normal preoperative pulmonary function and undergoing segmentectomy or lobectomy between 2017 and 2021 were considered.

Changes in pulmonary function in lung cancer patients after segmentectomy or lobectomy: a retrospective, non-intervention, observation study.

Objectives: Pulmonary segmentectomy (SE) became an increasingly popular method for resection of early-stage lung cancer. This study aims to compare the impact of single SE (SSE), multiple SE (MSE) and lobectomy (LE) on postoperative pulmonary function in patients with NSCLC.

Methods: Medical records of a total of 1284 patients who underwent LE (n = 493), SSE (n = 558) and MSE (n = 233) at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2013 to October, 2020 were retrospectively analysed.

Identifying potential targets for lung cancer intervention by analyzing the crosstalk of cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune and metabolism microenvironment.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been reported to play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment and progression.

Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, and all analyses were performed using R software.

Results: We first quantified the CAFs infiltration through single sample gene set enrichment analysis in the TCGA and combined GEO cohort (GSE30219, GSE37745, and GSE50081).

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma.

Objective: Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is extremely rare. This study aims to identify the clinicopathologic and therapeutic factors determining survival in PPSS.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 121 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database as well as 12 patients from our own institution diagnosed with PPSS.

Proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Currently, the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory. This current study evaluated the relationship between histology of NSCLC and protein expression of exosomes in the plasma from NSCLC patients, and furthermore investigate the impact of the exosome profile on the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 26 NSCLC patients before surgery.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for lung transplantation: Initial experience in a single center in China and a literature review.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a versatile tool associated with favorable outcomes in the field of lung transplantation (LTx). Here, the clinical outcomes and complications of patients who underwent LTx with ECMO support, mainly prophylactically both intraoperatively and post-operatively, in a single center in China are reviewed.

Methods: The study cohort included all consecutive patients who underwent LTx between January 2020 and January 2022.

Increased blood-based intratumor heterogeneity (bITH) is associated with unfavorable outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy has been the standard first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver-gene negative. However, efficacy biomarkers for ICIs-based combination therapy are lacking. We aimed to identify potential factors associated with outcomes of ICIs plus chemotherapy at baseline and dynamic changes in peripheral blood.

Carbon Dioxide Blower Facilitates Visceral Pleurectomy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Pleurectomy and decortication serves as a major component of therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), but the procedure is time consuming. We tentatively applied a carbon dioxide (CO) blower into pleurectomy and decortication for a patient with local relapse of MPM. The blower can help increase the potential subpleural place thanks to the positive pressure by CO, while the mist of saline could clean the potential bleeding to increase visibility.

Coagulation Status and Surgical Approach as Predictors of Postoperative Anemia in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Postoperative anemia is a common complication after a major surgery. Our study aims to identify factors that are associated with higher risk of developing postoperative anemia after thoracic surgery. We conducted a retrospective study of 465 patients who underwent pulmonary surgery in 2017 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, China.

Surgical modality for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer among the elderly: analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Background: The appropriate surgical modality for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among the elderly remains controversial; identifying appropriate modalities will be helpful in clinical practice.

Methods: It's a cohort study and we explored the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for identifying patients aged ≥70 years with pathologic stage IA NSCLC. Three types of surgeries were compared (lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection) via survival and stratification analyses.

Up-regulation of circ_0000353 impedes the proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells via adsorbing miR-411-5p and increasing forkhead box O1.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignant tumor worldwide. This work focuses on investigating the role of circ_0000353 in NSCLC and its potential mechanism of action.

Methods: The expression levels of circ_0000353 and miR-411-5p in NSCLC and their matched normal lung tissues were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

Surgery in Masaoka stage IV thymic carcinoma: a propensity-matched study based on the SEER database.

Background: Thymic carcinoma is a type of rare and highly malignant tumor. Limited information was available on prognostic factors of late-stage thymic carcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify factors that impact prognosis and to define the relationship between survival and surgical intervention in patients with Masaoka stage IV thymic carcinoma.

Alveolar macrophage - derived exosomes modulate severity and outcome of acute lung injury.

Severe acute lung injury (ALI) can cause death, and the survivals may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to fibrotic repair of the lung. Alveolar macrophages play a demonstrative role during the pathogenesis of ALI, and the timing and degree of differentially polarization of macrophages determine the severity of disease and outcome. Exosomes are important mediators of cellular communication and play critical roles during macrophage differentiation, proliferation and function.

Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of Rearrangement in Patients with Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Study.

Objective: The echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase () fusion gene is a key oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of fusion gene in patients with surgically resected adenocarcinoma.

Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 1056 consecutive patients with surgically resected stage I-IIIA adenocarcinoma were collected from February 2014 to October 2014, and rearrangement was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology.

Differential expression and functional analysis of lung cancer gene expression datasets: A systems biology perspective.

There is an inherent need to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterize these genes and provide functional enrichment analysis to the publicly available lung cancer datasets, primarily coming from next-generation sequencing data or microarray gene expression studies. The risk of lung cancer in patients with smokers is manifold, and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) it is 2- to 5-fold greater, compared with smokers without COPD. In the present study, differential expression analysis and gene functional enrichment analysis of lung cancer gene expression datasets obtained from NCBI-GEO were performed.

Surgery for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient after epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor neoadjuvant therapy.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the survival of the advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients underwent salvage surgeries after EGFR-TKI neoadjuvant therapies.

Methods: From 2014 to 2016, 10 patients diagnosed as advanced stage NSCLC (N2 metastasis or great vessels invasion) who responded to EGFR-TKI neoadjuvant therapy were recruited in this study. All patients underwent surgeries and consented the follow-up study.

Radiologic Predictors for Clinical Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma with Ground Glass Components: A Multi-Center Study of Long-Term Outcomes.

Objective: This study was to define preoperative predictors from radiologic findings for the pathologic risk groups based on long-term surgical outcomes, in the aim to help guide individualized patient management.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 321 consecutive patients with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma with ground glass component on computed tomography (CT) scanning. Pathologic diagnosis for resection specimens was based on the 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after a left upper sleeve lobectomy.

A 55-year-old man was re-admitted for persistent hemoptysis and high fever three weeks after an initial left upper sleeve lobectomy for a central squamous lung cancer tumor. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm and pulmonary infection were confirmed by multidetector computed tomography angiography and subsequent emergency completion pneumonectomy. The development of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm, secondary to post-operative pulmonary infection and pulmonary vascular manipulation, is rare and prompt surgical manipulation is mandatory.

Preoperative embolization followed by surgical excision of a giant thymic carcinoid.

We report the case of a 35-year old woman with a giant thymic carcinoid of the left hemithorax. Enhanced computed tomography showed marked vascularization of the tumour, with an enlarged drainage vein. Endovascular embolization of the major feeding arteries of the tumour was performed preoperatively with good angiographic results.