AI-assisted near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent sensor for ultrafast and portable visual detection of Bacillus anthracis biomarkers.

Contamination by Bacillus anthracis in food and the environment poses a significant public health risk to both humans and animals, with dipicolinic acid (DPA) serving as an effective biomarker for its detection. In this work, a novel AI-assisted near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent sensing system based on rapid coordination cross-linking and multiple fluorescence response mechanisms was proposed for ultrafast and portable visual detection of Bacillus anthracis biomarkers. A near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent probe with multiple fluorescence response mechanisms was developed for sensitive detection of DPA, using carbon dots (B-CDs) and CdTe quantum dots (QD686).

Twelve-Month Outcomes of Ultrasound Cycloplasty After Failed Glaucoma Surgery: A Prospective Study.

Prcis: UCP effectively reduced IOP by 54.10% in eyes with failed glaucoma surgeries after 12 months. Complete and qualified success rates were 21.

Hybrid-J shape needle in ultrasound-guided looped thread carpal tunnel release: a cadaveric study on safety and efficacy.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent peripheral nerve entrapment disorder, often requiring surgical intervention. While Ultrasound-guided Looped Thread Carpal Tunnel Release (LTCTR) offers a minimally invasive alternative to carpal tunnel release, its implementation faces limitations due to insufficient specialized instruments. This cadaveric study assesses the Hybrid-J Shape Needle (HJSN), a blunt-tip, J-shaped device designed to improve safety in LTCTR procedures.

Assessment of traditional and novel effect measures for time-to-event endpoints: a meta-epidemiological study of published oncological trials.

Objectives: Time-to-event endpoints are essential for evaluating treatment efficacy in oncology trials. The hazard ratio, although commonly used, captures only the relative effect and may not suffice in diverse clinical contexts. Traditional measures based on incidence rates and restricted mean survival time, along with novel measures based on average hazard (AH), offer both relative (ratio-based) and absolute (difference-based) perspectives.

BSN with Explicit Noise-Aware Constraint for Self-Supervised Low-Dose CT Denoising.

Although supervised deep learning methods have made significant advances in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) image denoising, these approaches typically require pairs of low-dose and normal-dose CT images for training, which are often unavailable in clinical settings. Self-supervised deep learning (SSDL) has great potential to cast off the dependence on paired training datasets. However, existing SSDL methods are limited by the neighboring noise independence assumptions, making them ineffective for handling spatially correlated noises in LDCT images.

Foreground-aware Universe Graph Matching for Domain Adaptive Object Detection.

Domain Adaptive Object Detection (DAOD) focuses on improving the generalization ability of cross-domain object detection via knowledge transfer. Recent advances in DAOD strive to minimize the domain discrepancy for adapting class-conditional distributions by aligning cross-domain sampled node pairs in the non-Euclidean graphical space. However, these methods of reformulating the adaptation with graph matching may fail to concentrate on precise semantics alignment, due to the domain-biased graph modeling and the unreliable matching with background nodes.

Splicing Shift of RAC1 Accelerates Tumorigenesis and Defines a Potent Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer.

Dysregulated RNA splicing has emerged as a pervasive yet understudied feature of cancer. The small GTPase RAC1 undergoes splicing changes in multiple cancers. However, the in vivo functional disparities between the two major RAC1 isoforms, RAC1B and the canonical RAC1A, and their therapeutic implications in cancer remain largely unexplored.

Data-Augmented Deep Learning Algorithm for Accurate Control of Bioethanol Fermentation Using an Online Raman Analyzer.

Fed-batch fermentation has become the preferred strategy in many industrial biomanufacturing processes. However, a key challenge remains in optimizing the feeding strategy to achieve stable maximum yields. In this study, we present an online Raman spectroscopy-based monitoring and control system, using bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a case study.

Dexmedetomidine Blocks the ERK Pathway by Inhibiting MAP3K8 to Achieve a Protective Effect in Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a primary contributor to morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) protects the lungs from I/R injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This paper examined the protective effect of DEX in LIRI and elucidated the potential regulation involved.

Esculin alleviates palmitic acid-induced intestinal barrier damage via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of esculin in protecting against palmitic acid-induced intestinal barrier disruption in mice.

Methods: Thirty-two male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, esculin, and esculin+ML385 groups. A model of intestinal barrier injury was induced by daily gavage of 10 mg/kg palmitic acid for 3 days in all groups except for the control group.

Identifying actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to validate the taxonomy and framework using Chinese guidelines and identify actionable statements.

Design And Setting: We searched five databases, to identify the health guidelines from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2023. Five researchers categorised statements into six types: formal recommendations (Type I) with clear direction and strength, with explicit and direct evidence; good practice statements (GPS) (Type II), actionable in isolation with a significant benefit; remarks (Type III), an inseparable unit belonging to a formal recommendation or GPS that provides additional clarification; research only recommendations (Type IV) for specific populations; implementation considerations, tools and tips (Type V), that describe the how, who, where, what and when, in relation to implementing a recommendation and lacking a direct evidence link; and informal recommendations (Type VI), unrelated to evidence and not meeting GPS criteria.

[A segmented backprojection tensor degradation feature encoding model for motion artifacts correction in dental cone beam computed tomography].

Objectives: We propose a segmented backprojection tensor degradation feature encoding (SBP-MAC) model for motion artifact correction in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the quality of the reconstructed images.

Methods: The proposed motion artifact correction model consists of a generator and a degradation encoder. The segmented limited-angle reconstructed sub-images are stacked into the tensors and used as the model input.

[A sparse-view cone-beam CT reconstruction algorithm based on bidirectional flow field- guided projection completion].

Objectives: We propose a sparse-view cone-beam CT reconstruction algorithm based on bidirectional flow field guided projection completion (BBC-Recon) to solve the ill-posed inverse problem in sparse-view cone-beam CT imaging.

Methods: The BBC-Recon method consists of two main modules: the projection completion module and the image restoration module. Based on flow field estimation, the projection completion module, through the designed bidirectional and multi-scale correlators, fully calculates the correlation information and redundant information among projections to precisely guide the generation of bidirectional flow fields and missing frames, thus achieving high-precision completion of missing projections and obtaining pseudo complete projections.

Adaptive Weighting Based Metal Artifact Reduction in CT Images.

Against the metal artifact reduction (MAR) task in computed tomography (CT) imaging, most of the existing deep-learning-based approaches generally select a single Hounsfield unit (HU) window followed by a normalization operation to preprocess CT images. However, in practical clinical scenarios, different body tissues and organs are often inspected under varying window settings for good contrast. The methods trained on a fixed single window would lead to insufficient removal of metal artifacts when being transferred to deal with other windows.

VBVT-Net: VOI-Based VVBP-Tensor Network for High-Attenuation Artifact Suppression in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Imaging.

High-attenuation (HA) artifacts may lead to obscured subtle lesions and lesion over-estimation in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging. High-attenuation artifact suppression (HAAS) is vital for widespread DBT applications in clinic. The conventional HAAS methods usually rely on the segmentation accuracy of HA objects and manual weighting schemes, without considering the geometry information in DBT reconstruction.

Mefloquine Suppresses Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Through Targeting SPC25.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the urinary system, often presenting with distant metastases at diagnosis. Approximately one-quarter of patients undergoing nephrectomy experience distant recurrence. Despite the recent advancements in combination-targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, the development of new therapeutic strategies and the identification of biomarkers for metastatic risk remain crucial.

Lateralized differences in power spectra across different frequency bands during NREM sleep in patients with primary insomnia.

Objective: To compare the electroencephalogram power spectrum of patients with primary insomnia and good sleep controls in multiple brain areas and different frequency bands during non-rapid eye movement sleep.

Methods: 48 primary insomnias and 30 age-and gender-matched good sleep controls were recorded overnight with polysomnography. Power spectral analysis was performed in six brain areas (F3, F4, C3, C4, O1 and O2) and across seven frequency bands (delta, sigma, alpha, theta, beta1, beta2, and gamma) during non-rapid eye movement sleep between primary insomnias and good sleep controls.

Kidney Targeting Smart Antibiotic Discovery: Multimechanism Pleuromutilins for Pyelonephritis Therapy.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a global health threat, underscoring the need for new antibiotics. Lefamulin, the first novel-mechanism antibiotic approved by the FDA in decades, showcases pleuromutilins' promise due to low mutation frequency. However, their clinical use is limited by poor pharmacokinetics and organ toxicity.

Assessing cross-country inequalities in global burden of gastrointestinal cancers: slope and concentration index approach.

Purpose: New cases and deaths of gastrointestinal cancers are predicted to increase significantly by 2040. This study aims to explore cross-country inequalities and trends in global burdens of colon and rectum cancer (CRC), esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were analyzed to examine trends in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for three gastrointestinal cancers with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint analysis.

Examining cancer patient preferences during three stages of decision making and family involvement: a multicenter survey study in China.

Background: Medical decision-making is a complex multi-stage process. Chinese cancer patients' preference for participation in decision-making stages, family involvement and influencing factors remain unclear.

Methods: A total of 1,422 cancer patients from four tertiary hospitals in China were included in the cross-sectional survey.

Study on the Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) are widely used in biosensing, catalysis, and energy storage due to their excellent conductivity, high specific surface area, unique quantum size effects, and optical properties. In this paper, we successfully synthesized N-GQDs using a facile hydrothermal approach and investigated the effects of different hydrothermal temperatures and times on the morphology and structure of N-GQDs. The results indicated that the size of N-GQDs gradually increased and they eventually aggregated into graphene fragments with increasing temperature or reaction time.

One-component dual-mode sensor array for identification and quantification of biothiols.

Biothiol analysis is significant to health assessment and early detection of potential diseases. Considering practical requirements, simple and rapid identification and determination of biothiols are still a great challenge due to the similar structures. Fortunately, the recently emerging colorimetric sensor array technique makes such a task possible.

Homocysteine affects macrophage polarization by altering m6A methylation of scavenger receptors CD209 and CD163L1.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by fatty plaque deposits on artery walls. Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Research on the mechanism by which Hcy promotes atherosclerosis has gradually turned to epigenetic inheritance, but the correlation between Hcy and m6A (N6-methyladenosine) modification has not been reported.

High Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves Based on 3D PMMA@Mxene@CoO Composite Microsphere.

With the increasing demand for effective electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers due to the proliferation of electronic devices and 5G communication systems, traditional wave-absorbing materials can no longer meet the current requirements. Thus, this research introduces a three-dimensional (3D) composite material consisting of PMMA@Mxene@Co₃O₄ microspheres, prepared through in situ self-assembly and hydrothermal growth. The strong electrical conductivity of Mxene, combined with the magnetic loss of Co₃O₄, ensures enhanced dielectric-magnetic synergy, leading to excellent EMW absorption.