Synthetic nano-kirigami with high deformability for reconfigurable information displays.

Transformable micro/nanostructures endow optical and mechanical metamaterials with customization and tunability. However, employing existing transformation mechanisms to achieve large mechanical deformations remains challenging due to the restricted displacement in the nanometric scale. Here, we present a transformation strategy using nanoscale kirigami structures with ultrahigh deformability enabled by synthetic designs.

Degradation Mechanisms and Intelligent Recognition of PTFE Triboelectric Performance under Hygrothermal Cycling Environment.

In this study, we systematically investigate the triboelectric performance degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) under high-low temperature cycling and humidity variations, a critical yet underexplored challenge in extreme environmental applications. Under accelerated aging conditions spanning 0-300 thermal cycles and 0-90% RH, PTFE films demonstrated progressively worsening electrical output, their short-circuit current declining steadily from 7.2 to 4.

Flux-Closure Domain Structures in Ferroelectric KNaNbO Thin Films.

Topological domain structures in ferroelectric materials have garnered increasing attention due to their intriguing physical properties and promising applications. While most existing topological structures in ferroelectric perovskite oxides originate from tetragonal or rhombohedral bulk phases, much less is understood about their counterparts in orthorhombic ferroelectrics. Here, we employ ferroelectric KNaNbO (KNN) thin films as a model system and leverage phase-field simulations to theoretically predict the static structures and dynamic behaviors of three types of flux-closure domain configurations: in-plane (Type-I), out-of-plane (Type-II), and superdomain (Type-III) flux-closure structures.

One-Step Solvent-Assisted Cation Exchange Approach to Hollow Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanoreactors with Orderly Distributed Active Sites for Tandem Catalysis.

Biological membrane-enclosed organelles, in which cascade reactions promoted by multiple enzymes occur, have inspired widespread interest in the design of spatially confined nanoreactors for tandem catalytic transformations. Because of their accessible compartmentalized environments and large framework diversity, hollow metal-organic frameworks (H-MOFs) are ideal platforms for the development of new multi-functionalized nanoreactors. However, simple methodologies for fabrication of hollow MOFs, which possess functionalities that are precisely localized and encapsulated of active sites like those found in biological membrane-enclosed organelles, is a considerable challenge.

A Review of Designing Hierarchical Structure Within Membrane Electrode Assembly for Water Electrolyzer.

Green hydrogen produced from water electrolyzers demonstrates higher efficiency and sustainability than industrial alkaline water electrolysis due to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design. However, random structure designs in current MEAs significantly increase the charge and mass transport resistance, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. In contrast, the ordered structure design in MEA provides well-defined arrangements of pores, channels, or pathways within catalysts, catalyst layers, porous transport layers, and ion exchange membranes (IEMs).

Impact of citric acid on cadmium immobilization in soil amended with biochar.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity. While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals, the impact of plant-derived low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), such as citric acid (CA), on this process remains unclear. This study shows that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soil from extensively polluted southeastern Hubei, China.

Mechanism of self-driven naphthol blue black degradation in Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid system: Dominant role of high-valent iron species.

The iron-activated peracetic acid (PAA) system is a novel green advanced oxidation process (AOP), but conventional Fe(III)-activated PAA systems suffer from low efficiency and require co-activator for iron cycling. This study demonstrated efficient degradation of the organic pollutant Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) in a Fe(III)/PAA system without additional co-activator, achieving 95.7 % removal within 7 min, slightly higher than that observed with Fe(II).

Natural tannic acid-based intumescent coating towards efficient fire resistance and thermal performance for steel structure.

Developing fire protection coatings that reconcile outstanding fire safety with environmental sustainability remains a critical challenge in materials engineering. In this study, a new biomass-based intumescent coating was constructed from biomass-derived tannic acid, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, zinc carbonate, and basalt scales. The resulting coating demonstrated excellent fire resistance performance, maintaining backside temperature of steel below 150 °C during 1200 s butane torch exposure, while the control steel with neat epoxy coating reaching structural failure threshold of 450 °C within 160 s.

Mechanism of Bonding and Defect Evolution of Deformed SbTe Semiconductors under Temperature Effects.

Recently, the enhanced plasticity of SbTe-based thermoelectric (TE) semiconductors has been expected to promote the device application of precise temperature control and refrigeration. Although it should be attributed to van der Waals (VdW) bonds in the sublattice, which are weak and sensitive to external stimuli such as force and temperature, the evolution mechanism has not yet been fully explored. Moreover, temperature is crucial during the processing and application of TE devices, significantly influencing lattice deformation and structural failure.

Nanozyme-Crosslinked Poly(Thioctic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Adhesives with Coral-Like Structure for Promoting Wet Adhesion, Antibacterial Active, and Wound Healing.

Uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhage in emergency and surgical settings frequently leads to prolonged bleeding time, increased infection risks, and delayed wound healing. To overcome these issues, a novel multifunctional biomimetic PTALi-SCAA hydrogel adhesive is prepared by crosslinking caffeic acid-Ag (CAA) nanozyme with the double network of poly(thioctic acid)Li-sericin (PTALi-S). The introduction of CAA nanozyme significantly promoted wet tissue adhesion (48.

Effects of Polarization Behavior on Wake-Up and Fatigue of Hafnium-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films.

The pronounced wake-up and fatigue phenomena in HfO-based ferroelectric materials present significant reliability challenges, limiting their potential in microelectronic applications. In this study, high-quality (Hf, Zr)O (HZO) thin-film capacitors are fabricated and their ferroelectric behavior is systematically explored under unipolar and bipolar electric field cycling. It is observed that transient overshoot during polarization switching under bipolar fields induces metal─O (Hf─O/Zr─O) bond breakage, creating oxygen vacancy defects that cause inevitable fatigue and increased leakage current.

Viewport prediction with cross modal multiscale transformer for 360° video streaming.

In the realm of immersive video technologies, efficient 360° video streaming remains a challenge due to the high bandwidth requirements and the dynamic nature of user viewports. Most existing approaches neglect the dependencies between different modalities, and personal preferences are rarely considered. These limitations lead to inconsistent prediction performance.

Folate-guided AIE nanoparticles integrate macrophage-targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic immunomodulation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and macrophage-driven immune dysregulation. Here, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform (FA@4BC NPs) by encapsulating an AIE-active curcumin-derived photosensitizer (4BC) within folate-functionalized PEGylated liposomes. The system enables precise targeting of activated macrophages through folate receptor-β (FR-β) recognition, and upon laser irradiation, efficiently generates singlet oxygen (O), promoting M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization and initiating anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.

Mn-Doped Calcium Phosphate Nanoclusters with Enhanced Ability of Valence Adjustment for MRI Guided Sequential Therapy of Tumors from PTT to CDT.

Constructing tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive-nanoplatforms with controllable structure is a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Considering the magnetic, near-infrared absorption, Fenton-like catalytic property of Mn ions, and favorable biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (CaP), Mn-doped CaP nanoclusters (MnCaP NCs) were prepared with poly acrylic acid. MnCaP NCs showed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with strong surface effects.

Targeting PRDX1 impairs acute myeloid leukemic blasts and stem cells by disrupting redox homeostasis.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which drive disease progression and confer resistance to therapy, pose a significant challenge to conventional treatment strategies. In this study, we identified and characterized the inhibitory mechanisms of TH37, a small molecule derived from traditional Chinese medicine, which selectively targets AML blasts and LSCs.

Structural dynamics of melting and glass formation in a two-dimensional hybrid perovskite.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have garnered significant attention for their crystalline properties, yet recent findings reveal that they can also form liquid and glassy phases, offering an alternative platform for understanding non-crystalline materials. In this study, we present a detailed investigation into the structural dynamics of the melting and glass formation process of a two-dimensional (2D) HOIP, (S-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium)PbBr. Compared to its crystalline counterpart, the glass exhibits superior mechanical properties, including higher Young's modulus and hardness.

Synergistic Regulation of Electrolyte and Electrode Structures Enhance Ammonium Vanadate Mg-storage Performance for 100 mAh-Level Mg-ion Pouch Cells.

Aqueous Mg-ion batteries (AMIBs) have attracted increasing interest due to their safety, fast kinetics, and sustainability. However, the development of AMIBs is hindered by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of electrolytes and electrode degradation. Here, a synergistic strategy, regulating both electrolyte and electrode structures, is proposed to enable high-performance AMIBs.

Sustainable and Direct Upcycling of Waste Graphite Anodes via Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have flourished in power and energy storage, followed by the waste batteries that are pouring into the market. For waste graphite anode, how to deal with high efficiency, high economic efficiency, and low environmental pollution has become a huge challenge. In the work, a deep eutectic solvent (DES), with a low melting point, low cost, and natural environmental protection, is applied as a green reagent to realize the sustainable and direct upcycling of waste graphite.

A Synchronous d-p Hybridization and Protonated State Regulation Strategy for Efficient HO Photosynthesis through Optimized Water Oxidation.

Photocatalytic HO synthesis  with Fe-based cocatalysts is sustainable but limited by sluggish water oxidation reaction (WOR) kinetics and low selectivity from weak *OH intermediate adsorption and instability. To address this, a "Fe-O-P d-p hybridization synergistic protonated state regulation" strategy is devised to enhance the WOR rate and HO selectivity. A dual-cocatalyst FeOOH/BiVO/Au, synthesized via two-step photodeposition, optimizes active sites and suppress charge recombination, with Au as oxygen reduction reaction active sites while FeOOH as WOR active sites.

Preparation of selenium doped CuCoO nanosheets as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Hydrogen is a renewable clean energy source that is expected to replace traditional fossil fuels. The key technology for producing hydrogen from electrolyzing water depends on the efficiency and cost of high-performance catalyst materials. Electrocatalysts aim to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by reducing the reaction activation energy, which is the core element in improving the efficiency of water splitting.

Surface nitridation of Si enabled gradient artificial solid electrolyte interface and self-optimized structural evolution.

Silicon (Si), a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries, suffers from severe volume changes upon cycling, leading to rapid capacity fading. This study mitigates the capacity fading issue by introducing a surface SiN layer on micron Si, which is in-situ converted into a LiSiN-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This artificial SEI not only effectively restricts SEI growth to the outmost surface, but also induces a self-optimized structural evolution of the inner Si from micron particles to nanoporous network within 20 cycles.

Effects of Phase Structure Regulation on Properties of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polyphenylpropylsiloxane-Modified Epoxy Resin.

4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline) (AG80), as a high-performance thermosetting material, holds significant application value due to the enhancement of its strength, toughness, and thermal stability. However, conventional toughening methods often lead to a decrease in material strength, limiting their application. Modification of AG80 epoxy resin was performed using hydroxy-terminated polyphenylpropylsiloxane (Z-6018) and a self-synthesized epoxy compatibilizer (P/E30) to regulate the phase structure of the modified resin, achieving a synergistic enhancement in both strength and toughness.

Finite Element Model Updating for a Continuous Beam-Arch Composite Bridge Based on the RSM and a Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm.

Accurate finite element (FE) models are essential for the safety assessment of civil engineering structures. However, obtaining reliable model parameters for existing bridges remains challenging due to the inability to conduct static load tests without disrupting traffic flow. To address this, this study proposes an FE model updating framework that integrates the response surface method and the nutcracker optimization algorithm (NOA).

Enhanced Heat Transfer of 1-Octadecanol Phase-Change Materials Using Carbon Nanotubes.

Solid-liquid phase-change materials (PCMs) have attracted considerable attention in heat energy storage due to their appropriate phase-transition temperatures and high thermal storage density. The primary issues that need to be addressed in the wide application of traditional PCMs are easy leakage during solid-liquid phase transitions, low thermal conductivity, and poor energy conversion function. The heat transfer properties of PCMs can be improved by compounding with carbon materials.