"Inner swelling-outer restraint" strategy to fabricate poly (vinyl alcohol)/MoS-poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Janus hydrogel for pressure-bearing cartilage replacement.

Due to the poor regeneration ability of cartilage tissue, the design and fabrication of permanent hydrogel cartilage scaffolds with mechanical properties matching is still an urgent challenge. In this study, we propose an "inner swelling-outer restraint" strategy to construct Janus hydrogel for pressure-bearing cartilage replacement, which is inspired by the "Lamina-splendens" structure of cartilage. As a proof of concept, the poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (PVA/CMCNa) layer is designed to capture more fluid by introducing negatively charged aggregates, while the macromolecular conformation of the PVA/MoS layer can be densified through wet annealing, thereby increasing the liquid permeation resistance of the PVA/CMCNa layer.

Boosting the Efficiency of 1.84 eV Wide-Bandgap Perovskites Photovoltaics Beyond 19% via Yb Engineering.

Phase segregation remains one of the most critical challenges limiting the performance and long-term operational stability of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This issue is especially pronounced in 1.84 eV wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, where severe halide phase segregation leads to compositional heterogeneity and accelerated device degradation.

Speed control, visual adaptation, and mental workload in urban short underpass tunnels: A naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Urban short underpass tunnels, characterized by steep longitudinal slopes, limited lengths, and abrupt light transitions, pose significant driving risks. This study aims to comprehensively investigate drivers' speed control behavior, visual adaptation processes, and mental workload mechanisms within such tunnels under real traffic conditions.

Methods: A real-vehicle experiment was conducted involving 35 drivers.

Homo-layer flexible BiTe-based films with high thermoelectric performance.

Here, we demonstrate unconventional scalable and sustainable manufacturing of flexible n-type BiTe films via physical vapor deposition and homo-layer fusion engineering. The achieved ultrahigh power factor of up to 30.0 microwatts per centimeter per square kelvin and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.

Fluoroalkyl-based near-infrared acceptors for morphology control enabling high-efficiency additive-free organic solar cells.

Herein, a fluoroalkyl side chain modified A-DA'D-A small molecule acceptor, Y18-F9, was developed to optimize the bulk heterojunction morphology in organic solar cells. The introduction of fluorocarbon chains promotes self-assembly into nanoscale fibrous networks, while the low surface energy drive favorable vertical phase segregation. These synergistic effects lead to enhanced molecular packing, improved charge transport and collection, and reduced recombination losses.

Rapid Molten-Salt Synthesis of Phase-Controlled Mo-Doped Sulfides for Water Splitting.

Transition metal sulfides are promising electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. This work develops an innovative rapid low-temperature molten-salt template approach that enables one-step fabrication of free-standing Mo-doped sulfide nanowire arrays (Mo-NiS@NiS/NF) on nickel foam (NF) within merely 30 min, substantially reducing synthesis time compared to conventional methods. XRD and Raman analyses show that the doping of Mo makes the original NiS convert into NiS with higher catalytic activity.

Multiscale Risk Spillovers and External Driving Factors: Evidence From the Global Futures and Spot Markets of Staple Foods.

Stable and efficient food markets are crucial for global food security. However, international staple food markets are increasingly exposed to complex risks, including intensified risk contagion and increasing external uncertainties. This paper systematically investigates risk spillovers in global staple food markets and explores the key determinants of these spillover effects, combining innovative decomposition-reconstruction techniques, risk connectedness analysis, and random forest models.

A pH-Responsive Polycarbonate Nanoplatform enables Sequential Drug Release for Enhanced Apoptotic Cascade Synergy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy.

Tumor heterogeneity poses formidable challenges to effective cancer therapy, necessitating the implementation of combination regimens to achieve enhanced antitumor efficacy. Optimizing drug administration sequences is pivotal to harnessing synergistic effects and achieving superadditive therapeutic outcomes (1+1>2). Erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, dynamically reprograms apoptotic pathways, sensitizing tumor cells to subsequent DNA-damaging agents like doxorubicin within a defined temporal window, thereby augmenting chemotherapy efficacy.

A robot scheduling method based on rMAPPO for H-beam riveting and welding work cell.

The H-beam riveting and welding work cell is an automated unit used for processing H-beams. By coordinating the gripping and welding robots, the work cell achieves processes such as riveting and welding stiffener plates, transforming the H-beam into a stiffened H-beam. In the context of intelligent manufacturing, there is still significant potential for improving the productivity of riveting and welding tasks in existing H-beam riveting and welding work cells.

Solar-Driven Direct Lithium Extraction from Low-Quality Brines.

Owing to the crucial role in energy transformation for decarbonization, sustainable lithium (Li) supply has become growingly critical. Low-quality brines hold vast potential due to infinite reserves and diverse distribution but desire green and cost-effective extraction techniques against low Li concentrations and high magnesium-to-lithium ratios. Solar-driven direct lithium extraction (SDLE) systems combining conventional evaporation and DLE techniques can overcome the present challenges of Li extraction, promising to advance the exploitation of low-quality brines while simultaneously producing fresh water.

Unlocking Strategic Metals from Zinc Smelting Dust: Ultrasound-ClO Synergy and Atomic-Scale Leaching Mechanisms.

This study proposes an innovative ultrasonic-assisted ClO oxidative leaching (UCL) process for Zn, In, and Ge synergistic recovery from zinc smelting dust (ZSD). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals the synergistic association of In/Ge and Cu in sphalerite, which breaks through the limitations of the traditional characterization techniques for trace element analysis in ZSD. Through appropriate process parameters(0.

Risk factor identification mechanism for coronary artery disease based on multiple cross-filtering and binary cuckoo search.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major public health concern, necessitating accurate risk factor identification. However, existing methods often suffer from feature preference bias and insufficient multidimensional evaluation, limiting their reliability. To address this, we propose a novel two-stage mechanism integrating multiple cross-filtering and binary cuckoo search (BCS).

Gradual succession of dominant pathway from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism with the increment of C/N in pyrite-based biofilm-electrode reactor (PBER).

This study evaluated a pyrite-based biofilm-electrode reactor (PBER) for nitrate removal under varying C/N ratios. Optimal performance occurred at a C/N ratio of 3.0, achieving a NO-N removal efficiency (NRE) of 94.

Diurnal variation mapping of urban NO concentrations at high spatial resolution using mobile phone signaling data.

Atmospheric NO remains one of the primary pollutant gases in urban areas. However, current techniques such as ground-based measurements, remote sensing, and atmospheric chemistry models have persistently faced challenges in monitoring sub-daily NO concentrations at high spatial resolution. Mobile phone signaling data holds significant potential for characterizing human activity intensity, offering new opportunities to track near-surface NO concentrations with refined spatiotemporal precision.

A biopiezocatalyst harnessing mechanical energy to enhance bioplastic production from CO and organic carbon.

The sustainable bioproduction of chemicals from CO remains far from reaching its full potential. The productivity of autotrophic bioprocesses could benefit from harnessing ubiquitous mechanical energy sources, which are inaccessible for energizing bioproduction systems to this day. In this work, we develop a hybrid system where the efficient piezocatalyst zinc oxide (ZnO) harnesses mechanical vibration to stimulate the growth of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Cupriavidus necator and its production of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from CO.

Atomistic Insights into Topochemical Reactions in the BiFeO System.

Room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO (BFO) is a promising candidate for next-generation memory and spintronic devices, but its synthesis is hindered by metastability and complex phase evolution pathways. Achieving atomic-scale control over these pathways is critical for unlocking BFO's functional potential. Here, we integrate atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory to dissect the BFO formation mechanism using annealed Bi/Fe thin-film model systems.

Discovery of Zharp1-163 as a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and necroptosis for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and kidney injury.

Dysregulation of cell death plays a critical role in the onset and progression of numerous human diseases. Distinct forms of regulated cell death, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and acute kidney injury. Strategies that concurrently target both necroptosis and ferroptosis present significant potential for improving therapeutic outcomes.

Simulation-Based Design of an Electrically Tunable Beam-Steering Metasurface Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

This study presents a simulation-based feasibility analysis of a beam steering metasurface, theoretically driven by mechanical energy harvested from human motion via a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the proposed model, the TENG converts biomechanical motion into alternating current (AC), which is rectified into direct current (DC) to bias varactor diodes integrated into each metasurface unit cell. These bias voltages are numerically applied to dynamically modulate the local reflection phase, enabling beam steering without external power.

YOLO-FFRD: Dynamic Small-Scale Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Feature Fusion and Rediffusion Structure.

To address the challenges of detecting dynamic small targets such as pedestrians in complex dynamic environments for mobile robots, this paper proposes a dynamic small-target detection algorithm based on feature fusion and rediffusion structure, which is suitable for deployment on mobile robot platforms. Mobile robots can utilize depth camera information to identify and avoid small targets like pedestrians and vehicles in complex environments. Traditional deep learning-based object detection algorithms perform poorly when applied to the field of mobile robotics, especially in detecting dynamic small targets.

Temperature Field and Temperature Effects for Concrete Box Girder Bridges Based on Monitoring Data and Numerical Simulation.

The temperature field distribution and temperature effects of concrete box girder bridges were found to be critical to their long-term service safety. Based on long-term structural health monitoring data, the temperature field and temperature effects of a curved continuous concrete box girder bridge in Wuhan were investigated. A finite element model of the temperature field was established through the combined application of finite element software.

Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (AFRPs) in Aerospace: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives.

This review examines the application of aramid fiber-reinforced plastics (AFRPs) in the aerospace industry, highlighting their significance in enhancing aircraft performance. Aramid fibers, such as Kevlar and Twaron, have emerged as key materials due to their exceptional tensile strength, low density, and thermal stability. However, challenges persist in manufacturing, durability, and multifunctionality.

The Effect of the Fresh Latex Ratio on the Composition and Properties of Bio-Coagulated Natural Rubber.

By proportionally blending fresh latex from PR107, Reyan 72059, and Reyan 73397, and employing both acid- and enzyme-assisted microbial coagulation methods, this study analyzed the effects of the specific latex formulation on the following: physicochemical properties, non-rubber components, molecular weight and distribution, vulcanization characteristics of compounded rubber, and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber. The results indicate that, compared to acid-coagulated natural rubber, enzyme-assisted microbial coagulated natural rubber exhibits slightly lower levels of volatile matter, impurities, plasticity retention index (PRI), nitrogen content, calcium ions (Ca), iron ions (Fe), and fatty acid content. Conversely, it demonstrates higher values in ash content, initial plasticity (P), Mooney viscosity (M), acetone extract, magnesium ions (Mg), copper ions (Cu), manganese ions (Mn), gel content, molecular weight and distribution, and glass transition temperature (Tg).

Reconstruction and Microstructure Characterization of Tailings Materials with Varying Particle Sizes.

With the continuous increase in mining activities, effective tailings management has become a critical concern in geotechnical and environmental engineering. This study systematically investigates the microstructural characteristics and 3D reconstruction behavior of copper tailings with different particle sizes using X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), digital image processing, and 3D modeling techniques. Two particle size groups (fine: 0.

Modification of the Zeolite Heulandite with N-(3-Triethoxysilylpropyl)guanidines Offers an Effective Approach to Enhancing Its Adsorption Capacity for Heavy Metal Ions.

Zeolites are widely used as adsorbents due to their porous structure and ion-exchange capabilities. However, their adsorption efficiency for heavy metal ions remains limited. To enhance their performance, the natural zeolite heulandite () was functionalized with guanidine derivatives: N-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]guanidine (), -aminoguanidine (), and -acetyl-guanidine ().

Recent developments in nitroxide-mediated aerobic oxidations.

Alcohol oxidations are prevalent reactions in organic synthesis, at both industrial and laboratory scales. Nitroxyl radicals constitute a versatile class of reagents, finding extensive use as catalysts for the oxidation of organic molecules. The development of novel, versatile methodologies holds promise to enhance the efficiency of synthetic strategies relying on class-selective oxidation.