Boosting the Efficiency of 1.84 eV Wide-Bandgap Perovskites Photovoltaics Beyond 19% via Yb Engineering.

Phase segregation remains one of the most critical challenges limiting the performance and long-term operational stability of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This issue is especially pronounced in 1.84 eV wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, where severe halide phase segregation leads to compositional heterogeneity and accelerated device degradation.

The effect of professional identity on Chinese teachers' turnover intentions: The mediating role of work alienation and the moderating role of job autonomy.

The mechanisms and boundary conditions through which professional identity influences teachers' turnover intentions remain unclear. To address this gap, this study employed a cross-sectional research design to investigate the relationship between professional identity and Chinese teachers' turnover intentions based on conservation of resources theory, revealing the mediating role of work alienation and the moderating role of job autonomy within the mediation model. The study sample comprised 500 Chinese teachers.

Rigid cationic ligands enable high-efficiency NIR-II photoluminescence in copper(i) iodide hybrid semiconductors.

Near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are pivotal for advanced optoelectronic and biomedical applications, yet attaining efficient emission in the NIR-II region (950-1400 nm) remains challenging. Here, we introduce a ligand cationization strategy for designing copper(i) iodide-organic hybrid materials that emit in the NIR-II region (920-1120 nm) with PLQYs up to 8.58%.

Study on the nonlinear characteristic of a longitudinal piezoelectric ultrasound transducer with stepped horn.

Longitudinal vibration sandwich piezoelectric transducers with a stepped horn are widely used in high-intensity ultrasonic applications such as ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic machining, and ultrasonic cleaning. In these applications, due to the increased losses, transducers exhibit nonlinear phenomena such as heating, resonance frequency drift, and amplitude saturation. Consequently, existing linear theoretical models are no longer suitable for analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of such transducers.

Accelerating Prediction of Antiviral Peptides Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Weighted Multiperspective Descriptors with Self-Normalized Deep Networks.

The accurate prediction of antiviral peptides (AVPs) plays a crucial role in accelerating the development of peptide-based therapeutics. Despite extensive production of antiviral medications, viral diseases remain a major human health concern. AVPs have emerged as potential candidates for the development of novel antiviral drugs.

YModPred: an interpretable prediction method for multi-type RNA modification sites in S. cerevisiae based on deep learning.

Background: RNA post-transcriptional modifications involve the addition of chemical groups to RNA molecules or alterations to their local structure. These modifications can change RNA base pairing, affect thermal stability, and influence RNA folding, thereby impacting alternative splicing, translation, cellular localization, stability, and interactions with proteins and other molecules. Accurate prediction of RNA modification sites is essential for understanding modification mechanisms.

Multi-objective optimization design approach for prefabricated buildings to minimize cost, duration and carbon emissions using ant colony algorithm.

A multi-objective optimization design approach for prefabricated components such as columns, beams, slabs, walls and stairs in prefabricated buildings using ant colony algorithm is proposed to minimize cost, duration and carbon emissions in this paper. The proposed approach takes cost, duration, and carbon emissions as objective functions, the construction technologies of cast-in-place and prefabricated components as variables, prefabrication rate as constraints, and the ant colony algorithm as a solution tool, to minimize the cost, duration, and carbon emissions of prefabricated buildings. The validity of the proposed approach was verified by applying it to the multi-objective optimization design of a three-story frame structure.

Protective Role of GABA in Aromatic Rice Under Lead and Cadmium Toxicity: Physiological and Biochemical Insights.

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) severely impair rice growth, yield, and grain quality. This study assessed the role of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mitigating Pb and Cd toxicity in aromatic rice 'Guixiangzhan'. Treatments included the control (no Pb, Cd, or GABA), GABA (1 mM), Pb (800 mg/kg of soil)+GABA, Cd (75 mg/kg of soil)+GABA, Pb+Cd+GABA, Pb, Cd, and Pb+Cd without GABA.

LTGS-Net: Local Temporal and Global Spatial Network for Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection.

Video anomaly detection has an important application value in the field of intelligent surveillance; however, due to the problems of sparse anomaly events and expensive labeling, it has made weakly supervised methods a research hotspot. Most of the current methods still adopt the strategy of processing temporal and spatial features independently, which makes it difficult to fully capture their temporal and spatial complex dependencies, affecting the accuracy and robustness of detection. Existing studies predominantly process temporal and spatial information independently, which limits the ability to effectively capture their interdependencies.

Anisotropic Behavior in Microstructures and Properties of Refractory Tungsten Metal Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

This work employed laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology to prepare pure tungsten (W) metal components and investigated their internal defects, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties within the horizontal and vertical planes to evaluate their anisotropic behavior. The steep temperature gradient and extremely rapid cooling rate during the LPBF process caused the as-deposited W grains to grow in a columnar crystal structure along the vertical height direction, with cracks propagating along the high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). Although the near-equiaxed W grains within the horizontal plane were finer than the epitaxial grains within the vertical plane, the increased number of cracks within the horizontal plane weakened the fine-grained strengthening effect, resulting in lower hardness and wear resistance within the horizontal plane than within the vertical plane.

Micro-Gas Flow Sensor Utilizing Surface Network Density Regulation for Humidity-Modulated Ion Transport.

As a bridge for human-machine interaction, the performance improvement of sensors relies on the in-depth understanding of ion transport mechanisms. This study focuses on the surface effect of resistive gel sensors and designs a polyacrylic acid/ferric ion hydrogel (PAA/Fe) gas flow sensor. Prepared by one-pot polymerization, PAA/Fe forms a three-dimensional network through the entanglement of crosslinked and uncrosslinked PAA chains, where the coordination between Fe and carboxyl groups endows the material with excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 80 kPa and elongation at break of 1100%).

Hybrid optimization-based deep learning for energy efficiency resource allocation in MIMO-enabled wireless networks.

Resource allocation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-enabled wireless networks is designated for multiple users, which aims to optimize the distribution of network resources. This network's main intent is to maximize system performance by improving energy efficiency. However, the users of MIMO need many resources for effective operation.

Ionic Liquid Top Surface Engineering: In Situ GIWAXS Insights Into 1D/3D Heterojunction Perovskite Formation.

Low-dimensional perovskites have been demonstrated repeatedly to improve the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices in both light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and device durability. In this work, the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (EMIMHSO) is innovatively introduced as a capping layer, which interacts with the residual PbI on the 3D perovskite top surface to generate the 1D perovskite, EMIMPbI. By adjusting the concentration of the IL, 1D perovskite formations with distinct morphologies is achieved.

Interface Charge Transfer Engineering in NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide-CsWO Heterostructures for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production is considered a key pathway for achieving sustainable energy conversion. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and high overpotentials severely hinder the large-scale application of water electrolysis technology. Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) has gained attention as a promising non-precious metal OER catalyst due to its abundant active sites and good intrinsic activity.

Variable π-d orbital hybridization in 2D transition metal-organic frameworks.

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have emerged as promising platforms for exploring novel quantum phenomena and tunable electronic functionalities. Here, we investigate π-d orbital hybridization in monolayer M(HAT) (M = Ni, Co, Fe; HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) frameworks by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) characterization. Despite identical lattice geometries, the Ni-HAT framework exhibits a dispersive, gapless band structure, while the Co- and Fe-HAT frameworks display localized electronic states and semiconducting bandgaps.

Dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol ameliorates hyperuricemia dual modulation of urate transporters and inflammasomes in mice.

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder associated with substantial health risks, whereas current clinical treatments frequently entail considerable adverse effects. This study demonstrates that dietary diacylglycerol (DAG) significantly ameliorates hyperuricemia by specifically modulating the renal urate transporter network and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. 1,3-Diacylglycerol (1,3-DAG) is metabolized into 1-monoacylglycerol in the body, which inhibits the synthesis of triglycerides.

Ternary Strategy and Molecular Electrostatics Collaboratively Optimize Low-Molecular-Weight Polymer Donor Organic Solar Cells: Over 20% Efficiency and High Scalability.

Achieving consistent performance across polymer donor batches is crucial for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with high-molecular-weight PM6 (HWPM6), low-molecular-weight PM6 (LWPM6) has lower efficiency but better stress-dispersion characteristics and solution-processability, making its performance improvement vital for practical applications. Here, LWPM6-based OSCs are optimized by introducing a trimeric guest (TYT-S).

High molecular weight laminarin/AgNPs-impregnated PVA based in situ hydrogels accelerated diabetic wound healing.

Diabetes exhibits several long-term serious health complications, including healing-impaired wounds, which result in substantial clinical challenges, warranting the need to develop efficient wound dressings. Herein, multifunctional in situ hydrogels as diabetic wound dressings were accomplished by concomitant spraying of 3-aminophenyl boronic acid (PBA)- grafted dialdehyde laminarin (LamPBA) and silver nanoparticles-impregnated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-AgNPs). The hydrogels with and without AgNPs (F2 and F1, respectively) conferred excellent rheological characteristics and acceptable antibacterial activity (up to 80 % reduction in survival) against E.

Type-agnostic and form-oriented deductive conclusion generation.

Deductive Conclusion Generation (DCG) aims to generate logically valid conclusions given a set of premises. Existing DCG models adopt type-dependent approaches, making them exhibit error propagation problems or even are unusable in the absence of reasoning type labels. Additionally, their fact-oriented training methods fail to learn correct reasoning patterns due to neglecting the importance of reasoning forms.

A hexatopic-carboxylate-based type luminescent zirconium-organic framework for the detection of glutathione.

As one of the most studied subclasses of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) have aroused extensive interest due to unlimited variety of organic linkers and diversity of structures, compositions and functions induced by varying Zr-oxo clusters. It has been proven that organic linker-directed precise control over the composition, underlying net and porosity of the resultant Zr-MOFs is essential to achieve desired crystalline structures, functions or enhanced performances. Herein, we designed and constructed a new Zr-MOF (HIAM-4062) possessing a topology using one hexatopic carboxylate linker.

Multi-Sensor Heterogeneous Signal Fusion Transformer for Tool Wear Prediction.

In tool wear monitoring, the efficient fusion of multi-source sensor signals poses significant challenges due to their inherent heterogeneous characteristics. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Sensor Multi-Domain feature fusion Transformer (MSMDT) model that achieves precise tool wear prediction through innovative feature engineering and cross-modal self-attention mechanisms. Specifically, we first develop a physics-aware feature extraction framework, where time-domain statistical features, frequency-domain energy features, and wavelet packet time-frequency features are systematically extracted for each sensor type.

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in nitrogen-enriched aquaculture ponds using calcium-based amendments.

Aquaculture ponds with high nitrogen loading emit substantial CH and NO due to anoxic sediments. This study assessed the effects of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)], calcium sulfate (CaSO), and calcium silicate (CaSiO) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 45-day anoxic incubations of sediments from conventional and broad bean-fed ponds. At 20 mmol kg, Ca(OH) and CaSiO reduced CO (38-53 %), CH (17-66 %), and NO (43-62 %) emissions by elevating pH (8.

The time-varying bidirectional causal relationship between household education expenditure and resident credit behavior: Dynamic quantile evidence and heterogeneous mechanisms.

This study aims to investigate the time-varying bidirectional causal relationship between household education expenditure and resident credit behavior, as well as the heterogeneous mechanisms under different economic conditions and household characteristics. By constructing a TVP-SV-VAR model and a QVAR-DY model, we analyze urban household data in China from January 2015 to December 2024, unveiling the dynamic relationship between education expenditure and credit behavior, along with their asymmetry and heterogeneity. The findings reveal a significant bidirectional causal relationship between household education expenditure and resident credit behavior, which exhibits heterogeneity across different quantile levels and is influenced by household income, education level, and credit interest rates.

Oxygen Plasma-Treated Hard Carbon for High-Rate and Durable Sodium-Ion Storage.

Tuning of oxygen functional groups in hard carbon (HC) is significant for optimizing sodium storage performance, but achieving precise modulation through effective strategies remains challenging. Herein, we introduce an oxygen plasma treatment strategy to enrich targeted carbonyl groups (C═O) on litchi wood-derived HC (OHC-1400). This surface modification method simultaneously regulates the electron conductivity and interface kinetics.

Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants: A critical review.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to anthropogenic climate change, primarily through the release of methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO). Current research on GHG quantification in WWTPs predominantly relies on estimated emission factors. However, this introduces substantial uncertainties in emission estimates due to limited measurements and variability in quantification methods.