Pulsed Electrolysis Promotes CO Reduction on Tin Oxide Catalyst.

The performance of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) is determined by multiple factors, including the optimization of catalysts and electrolyser, along with the electrolysis technique. Recently, pulsed electrolysis has been found to tailor the selectivity and prolong the stability of CORR on a variety of catalysts, with the most focus on Cu-based materials. The investigation of pulsed electrolysis on Sn-based materials remains at early stage.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells: recent developments and future perspectives.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have demonstrated significant potential as environmentally friendly energy alternatives. Innovations in the affordability and durability of fuel cell catalysts have facilitated the large-scale commercialization of clean electric power. This review article introduces the working principle and key components of PEMFCs, as well as their application in transportation, electricity generation, industry, heat and power supply, and portable power sources.

Relationship between depression and oral microbiome diversity: analysis of NHANES data (2009-2012).

Background: While the association between the gut microbiome and depression is well studied, the association between the oral microbiome and depression is less well characterized.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between depression and diversity of oral microbiome using data from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The gene sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA was adopted for the profiling of oral microbiome.

Preemptive transcranial direct current stimulation mitigates susceptibility to persistent pain.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) exhibits potential for pain management, yet its protective efficacy against persistent pain remains underexplored. This study investigates the protective effects of preemptive tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on mitigating capsaicin-induced persistent pain. Eighty participants underwent M1- or dlPFC-targeted tDCS before capsaicin application, with electroencephalography recorded for 60 min.

Building ultramicroporous zirconium metal‒organic frameworks with ligands of high coordination density through a reticular approach.

The rational design and synthesis of ultramicroporous solids featuring uniform pore dimensions remains a notable challenge, yet these materials are critical for the selective discrimination of molecules with similar physicochemical properties. Here we report a family of ten ultramicroporous zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks assembled from isophthalate-based octatopic or hexatopic carboxylate linkers with high coordination density and Zr nodes with relatively low connectivity (4, 6 and 8). The diverse inorganic node geometry, ligand connectivity, structural topology, framework stability and ultramicroporosity of the resultant metal-organic frameworks underscore the pivotal role of linker geometry and functionality in tailoring the adsorptive properties of the material.

AraTraditions10k bridging cultures with a comprehensive dataset for enhanced cross lingual image annotation retrieval and tagging.

The exponential growth of multimedia content in the digital age has necessitated the development of advanced cross-lingual systems capable of understanding and interpreting visual information across different languages. However, current efforts have predominantly been focused on monolingual tasks, leaving a substantial gap in cross-lingual multimedia analysis, particularly for non-English languages. To address this gap, AraTraditions10k, a comprehensive and culturally rich dataset, has been introduced to enhance cross-lingual image annotation, retrieval, and tagging, with a specific focus on Arabic and English languages.

Analysis of risk factors for capsular contracture after breast augmentation: a retrospective study.

Background: Capsular contracture is a prevalent complication following breast augmentation that adversely affects aesthetic outcomes and often necessitates revision surgery. This study aimed to assess potential predictors of capsular contracture in patients undergoing primary breast augmentation.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 212 patients (386 implant insertions) who underwent primary breast augmentation with silicone implants at our institution between January 2019 and December 2022 were included.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of an Arm Rehabilitation Robot With Mobile Platform.

In response to the ever-increasing demand of upper limb rehabilitation training and function improvement, a novel arm rehabilitation robot with mobile platform, which can move on the table, is designed to facilitate the upper limbs strength training via the passive force field. The proposed robot provides three passive degrees of freedom (plane motion on the table and rotation around the vertical axis), which can fulfill the robot-aided trajectory training for upper limbs, such as shoulder, elbow, and wrist flexion/extension. Meanwhile, changed force field was established on the table via three elastic ropes.

Knowledge-enhanced protein subcellular localization prediction from 3D fluorescence microscope images.

Motivation: Pinpointing the subcellular location of proteins is essential for studying protein function and related diseases. Advances in spatial proteomics have shown that automatic recognition of protein subcellular localization from images could highly facilitate protein translocation analysis and biomarker discovery, but existing machine-learning works have been mostly limited to processing 2D images. By contrast, 3D images have higher spatial resolution and allow researchers to observe cellular structures in their natural context, but currently, there are only a few studies of 3D image processing for protein distribution analysis due to the lack of data and complexity of modeling.

Helicobacter pylori VacA-induced gastric mucosal atrophy: a comparative analysis with other forms of atrophic gastritis.

This study aimed to evaluate the atrophic changes induced by Helicobacter pylori VacA and compare them with other forms of atrophic gastritis.A comprehensive histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation were performed on 984 endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsy samples from patients with endoscopically confirmed atrophic gastritis. H.

Corrigendum: Do government environmental audits reduce air pollution? Evidence obtained from Lanzhou.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.

Black rice stepwise fermentation enhances yogurt gel quality: Solidification rate, texture, LAB distribution and viability persistence.

Water holding capacity (WHC) and texture stability primarily affect yogurt quality. In this study, black rice stepwise fermented yogurt (FBY) was produced, and the enhancement of texture quality was investigated. Compared with the control, FBY shortened the solidification time by 25.

First-Principles Study on the High Spin-Polarized Ferromagnetic Semiconductor of Vanadium-Nitride Monolayer and Its Heterostructures.

The newly discovered 2D spin-gapless magnetic materials, which provide new opportunities for combining spin polarization and the quantum anomalous Hall effect, provide a new method for the design and application of memory and nanoscale devices. However, a low Curie temperature () is a common limitation in most 2D ferromagnetic materials, and research on the topological properties of nontrivial 2D spin-gapless materials is still limited. We predict a novel spin-gapless semiconductor of monolayer h-VN, which has a high Curie temperature (~543 K), 100% spin polarization, and nontrivial topological properties.

Investigating the Effects of Surface Texture Direction and Poisson's Ratio on Stress Concentration Factors.

A three-dimensional (3D) analytical framework was developed to quantify stress concentration factors (SCFs) on engineering surfaces with arbitrary slight undulations, effectively addressing the limitations of existing two-dimensional (2D) models by rigorously integrating the effects of Poisson's ratio (v) and surface texture directionality (θ). Initially, the 3D analytical solutions for single-notched specimens under uniaxial loading, which account for the v effect, were derived and compared with their 2D counterparts. The results demonstrate a clear positive correlation between v and SCFs.

Mercapto-functionalized scaffold improves perovskite buried interfaces for tandem photovoltaics.

Tandem photovoltaics hold great potential to surpass the efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. Detrimental structural defects and chemical reactions at buried interfaces of subcells considerably impede the performance of integrated tandems. Here, we devise a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure at the buried interface to modulate the crystallisation, eliminate nanovoids, passivate defects, and suppress the oxidation of Sn(II) in the tin-lead perovskite films, contributing substantially to reduce charge carrier losses and improve stability in positive-intrinsic-negative structured devices.

China's provincial long-term carbon emissions reduction planning considering fairness, efficiency and gradualness: A multi-objective programming approach.

This study investigates the imperative challenge of achieving carbon neutrality in China by implementing effective strategies for carbon emissions. While existing studies on carbon emissions reduction often focus on efficiency or fairness in isolation, few provide a comprehensive framework that integrates efficiency, fairness, and gradualness-key principles for achieving carbon neutrality in a diverse and dynamic context like China. To address this gap, the study presents an innovative multi-objective optimization model meticulously designed for long-term provincial carbon emissions reduction planning.

Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase Engineering through Artificial Surface Coating in 4.55 V High-Voltage LiCoO Cathodes.

Increasing the high cutoff potential of LiCoO (LCO) has proven challenging, due to lattice structure deterioration and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) instability. This work reports an effective strategy for tuning the CEI and stabilizing the cathode surface structure; we used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize AlO-capped LCO (ACLCO). Direct cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) characterization of the CEI reveals that, at 4.

Hydrogen sulfide activated chemiluminescence probe for facile and robust discrimination of β-lactam-resistant bacteria.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, primarily driven by β-lactamases, significantly undermine the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics, posing a grave threat to human health. As such, it is crucial to develop sensitive and rapid diagnostic methods to distinguish antibiotic-resistant bacteria from antibiotic-susceptible ones, thereby guiding clinical drug use. In this study, we present a selective "turn-on" chemiluminescent probe (HS-CL) created by attaching a 2-iodobenzoyl group to a phenoxy-dioxetane scaffold.

Controlling the Growth of CsPbX Nanostructures Enhances the Stability of Inorganic Cesium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells for Potential Low Earth Orbit Applications.

Incorporating low-dimensional (LD) materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for interfacial engineering is an effective approach to enhance device performance. However, the growth mechanisms for inorganic LD perovskite nanostructures in cesium-based systems via solution processing are underexplored. This work demonstrates the importance of controlling solvent evaporation dynamics during solution processing to modulate CsPbX nanomorphology.

Composite SnO-KS ETL for energy level regulation and electron mobility enhancement in perovskite solar cells.

High-performance perovskite solar cells commonly utilize SnO as the electron transport layer (ETL), which is vital for perovskite crystallization and defect regulation, yet energy level mismatch, oxygen vacancies in SnO, and defects at the buried interface impede the device's photovoltaic performance. Therefore, we found that incorporating KS into the SnO layer effectively regulated the energy levels and occupied oxygen vacancies, enhancing the electron mobility of the composite SnO-KS ETL and improving the interface quality to promote efficient electron extraction and transport. Consequently, the device based on SnO-KS ETL showed an enhanced photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency of to 23.

Interpretable multi-instance heterogeneous graph network learning modelling CircRNA-drug sensitivity association prediction.

Background: Different expression levels of circular RNAs (circRNAs) affect the sensitivity of human cells to drugs, thus producing different responses to the therapeutic effects of drugs. Using traditional biomedical experiments to discover and confirm sensitivity relationships is not only time-consuming but also costly. Therefore, developing an effective method to accurately predict new associations between circRNAs and drug sensitivity is crucial and urgent.

Deep Insight into the Photochromism of - and - Monosubstituted Tetraphenylethenes.

Photocyclization of tetraphenylethenes (TPEs) was critical to reveal the underlying mechanism of photochromism of TPE derivatives. To explore the photocyclization process of TPEs, a series of monosubstituted TPE derivatives were designed as model molecules, with substituents (N(CH), NH, OH, OCH, COOCH, CN, and NO) decorated to the TPE skeleton on and positions, respectively. The photochromic property of the TPE derivatives was explored in DMSO solution and the PMMA matrix, respectively.

Research on Enhanced Dynamic Pig Counting Based on YOLOv8n and Deep SORT.

Pig counting is an essential activity in the administration of pig farming. Currently, manual counting is inefficient, costly, and unsuitable for systematic analysis. However, research on dynamic pig counting encounters challenges, including inadequate detection accuracy stemming from crowding, occlusion, deformation, and low-light conditions.

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Action and Screening Methods of Probiotics for Lowering Blood Lipid Levels.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. It is a significant risk factor for a range of cardiovascular diseases, including acute pancreatitis, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. In clinical practice, the management of hyperlipidemia is hindered by numerous challenges.

Efficient Removal of Diclofenac Sodium and Hg(II) on Graphene Oxide/UiO-66-(OH) Composites.

Developing efficient adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals is essential for environmental protection. In this study, a series of GO/UiO-66-(OH) composites were synthesized and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM, confirming enhanced thermal stability, reduced aggregation, and maintained crystallinity of UiO-66-(OH) due to GO incorporation. Batch adsorption experiments showed that GO increased the adsorption capacity, with GO-8/UiO-66-(OH) achieving 324.