The Semisynthesis of 27-Deoxywithaferin A and 4--5,6-Deoxywithaferin A from Withaferin A as Potential Antitumor Agents.

We describe two concise, three-step routes for the individual synthesis of 27-deoxywithaferin A () and 4--5,6-deoxywithaferin A () from withaferin A (). The protection strategy for the double bond of enone with thiophenol and the conjugate reduction of the epoxy group are important in generating these products, with an overall yield of 40%. The absolute configuration of 4--5,6-deoxywithaferin A () has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.

Copper-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Radical Cyclization of 3-Aminoindazoles with -Cyanoarylacrylamides: Synthesis of Cyanoarylated Quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones.

A copper-catalyzed denitrogenative radical cyclization of 3-aminoindazoles with -cyanoarylacrylamides has been developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of a variety of cyanoarylated quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones in moderate to good yields at room temperature. Notably, this strategy overcomes the traditional challenge of the low reactivity of nitrile groups toward radical addition by utilizing cyanoaryl radicals generated from 3-aminoindazoles as reactive intermediates. Mechanism studies indicate that 2-cyanophenyl radicals, generated through the cleavage of two C-N bonds of 3-aminoindazoles, served as the key intermediates initiating the cyclization process.

Scalable One-Step Synthesis of Graphene/Polyaniline Films via Dual-Functional HSO for Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Supercapacitors serve as an important complement to batteries in sustainable energy storage and utilization systems, necessitating the efficient preparation of high-performance electrodes for practical applications. Here, we present a scalable one-step strategy for fabricating integrated graphene/polyaniline electrodes directly on current collectors, enabled by the dual functionality of HSO in a rapid 20 min process. Initially, dilute HSO acts as a protonation medium to facilitate the oxidative polymerization of aniline by ammonium persulfate.

The Temporal and Spatial Responses of Large and Medium Mammals to Anthropogenic Disturbances in Montane Southwest China.

Humans, as super predators, influence wildlife behavior through both direct predation and indirect fear effects, prompting spatial and temporal adaptations. In landscapes where human-wildlife coexistence is prevalent, understanding the spatiotemporal strategies employed by rare wildlife in response to anthropogenic disturbance is essential for effective biodiversity conservation. From July 2019 to September 2024, we deployed 62 camera traps in the Kazila Mountain region of Yajiang County, Sichuan Province, resulting in 6204 independent detections of rare wildlife and 722 recorded human activity events.

Qualitative Study on Cognitive Load in Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Training in Northeast China: A Phenomenological Study Among Ten Trained Nurses.

Background: Although cognitive load theory has been applied in general nursing education, its role in epilepsy specialist training remains unexplored, particularly in resource-constrained regions such as Northeast China, where medical disparities intensify learning barriers.

Objective: To investigate the cognitive load experienced by epilepsy specialist nurses (ESNs) during training in Northeast China.

Methods: The research participants were 10 nurses who underwent epilepsy training between December 2023 and February 2024, all from tertiary hospitals within the province.

Job preference of nurse practitioners: A simulation approach.

Purpose: Understanding the job preferences of nurse practitioners is crucial for developing policies that attract and retain them in the healthcare workforce, ensuring better healthcare delivery. The aim of this study was to analyze and simulate the job preferences of nurse practitioners, focusing on the impact of various job attributes such as independent practice, practice environment, and salary on their decision-making.

Methods: The study used a simulation approach based on a discrete choice experiment survey to predict the job choices of nurse practitioners under different scenarios.

Structural characterization of a neutral heteropolysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. and its protective effects against intestinal inflammation via barrier enhancement and gut microbiota modulation.

The polysaccharides extracted from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. was first identified as P. chinensis Lindl.

Association between residential greenness and diabesity among adults in southwestern China: The role of physical activity and ambient air pollutants.

Background: While green space exposure has been associated with reduced risks of diabetes and obesity separately, its relationship with diabesity remains unclear. This large-scale cross-sectional study examined the relationship between residential greenness and diabesity among 76,545 adults from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort, while assessing potential mediation by air pollution (PM₁, PM, PM₁₀, NO₂) and physical activity (PA).

Methods: Residential greenness was assessed using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) within 250 m, 500 m, and 1000 m buffers.

Comparative analyses highlight wheat TaSPL4-D as a promising candidate gene to optimize plant architecture traits in rice.

Comparative expression analyses between wheat and rice highlight that TaSPL4 is involved in plant architecture traits, and heterologous expression of TaSPL4-D in rice reduces plant height and increases tiller number.

LYnet: Computational identification of tumor T cell antigens using convolutional and recurrent neural networks.

Background: Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology, offering advantages in efficacy and specificity over traditional therapies. Key to its success is the identification of T-cell antigens, which are essential for triggering an effective antitumor immune response. Current methodologies for antigen prediction, however, lack the precision required for optimal vaccine development.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children through a meta-analysis.

Data Sources: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively retrieved for studies on the prevalence and risk factors of childhood asthma (CA) published between January 1, 2015, and July 8, 2024. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, and pertinent data were extracted.

Clonal divergence and genomic meltdown in prostatic pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma (PGCA) of the prostate is a rare, aggressive variant characterized by multinucleated giant cells, sarcomatoid features, and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite its recognition in the WHO 2016 guidelines, the molecular drivers and clinicopathological correlates of PGCA remain poorly characterized. This study presents the first integrative clinicogenomic profiling of PGCA, revealing a novel prognostic gene signature with direct implications for diagnosis and treatment.

The Trajectory of Reflux and its Associating Factors in Patients After Esophagectomy Based on Salivary Pepsin-Testing: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: Post-esophagectomy reflux remains a significant clinical challenge. This study pioneered the use of salivary pepsin-testing (SPT) as an objective biomarker to explore the reflux, addressing limitations of subjective symptom scoring in esophagectomy outcomes research.

Methods: Consecutive patients (age 18-75 years) with histologically confirmed esophageal carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy were prospectively enrolled to explore the trajectory and associating factors of reflux after surgery.

Multi-Modal Profiling Reveals Contrasting Immunomodulatory Effects of Recreational Marijuana Used Alone or with Tobacco in Youth with HIV.

The evolving legal landscape has increased marijuana accessibility across the United States, including for medical use to manage clinical symptoms among people with HIV. The effects of marijuana use remain understudied in youth with HIV (YWH), who face lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) and an elevated risk of developing comorbidities. This study applied a multi-modal approach, including plasma biomarker analysis, peripheral blood cell phenotyping, and transcriptome profiling, to examine the effects of recreational marijuana alone, tobacco alone, or marijuana combined with tobacco in virally suppressed YWH (≤50 RNA copies/mL) on ART compared to youth without HIV and YWH who used no substance.

Lysionotin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial fibrotic lung disease characterized by myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition. Excessive activation of fibroblasts in the lungs leads to severe alveolar dysfunction and tissue destruction seen by histological assessment. IPF presents a high mortality rate, limited therapeutic options, and an intense need to develop safe and effective therapeutic drugs.

Insights into the reaction process and mechanism of CNT growth from -hexane on Fe-based catalysts.

Due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied and applied in the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields. Herein, Fe-based catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method using AlO, SiO, ZrO, TiO and SnO supports and were used for CNT synthesis from -hexane under different reaction times and temperatures. It was found that the metal-support interaction and FeO particle size of Fe-based catalysts regulated CNT growth.

Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy improves macular microcirculation in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

This study aims to observe the changes in macular microcirculation before and after tonsil and/or adenoid surgery in children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Pediatric patients with OSA who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, from July 2019 to December 2023, were included in the OSA group (n = 100). A control group consisting of normal children who underwent physical examinations at the ophthalmology clinic was also selected (n = 50).

High-Resolution Spatial Transcriptomics Unveils Spatially Resolved Gene Modules and Fatty Acid Metabolism Dysregulation in Human Skin Aging.

Human skin aging involves intricate micrometer-scale changes in cellular organization. High-resolution spatial transcriptomic analysis is crucial for deciphering the complex interplay of cell types and molecular processes underlying skin aging. Here, the Stereo-seq technique was employed to generate a high-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of human eyelid skin, capturing age-related alterations in gene expression.

The effect of bullying victimization on internet addiction: mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Background: Given the importance and high prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and Chinese adolescent students' IA and its mechanism-mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Methods: Participants completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and provided information on their demographics, experiences with bullying, and social support. General linear modeling (GLM), structural equation modeling (SEM), and interaction item analysis were conducted.

Miniaturized MgBi-based thermoelectric cooler for localized electronic thermal management.

Miniaturized thermoelectric coolers, known for their high cooling power density and rapid thermal response, hold promise for localized thermal management. While traditional thermoelectric coolers have primarily relied on BiTe alloys, the recent development of n-type MgBi-based materials presents a compelling alternative, offering enhanced cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. In this study, we have designed and fabricated a MgBi-based miniscale thermoelectric cooler.

A dataset of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma MRI with multi-modalities segmentation.

Multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) data facilitate the early diagnosis, tumor segmentation, and disease staging in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The lack of publicly available, comprehensive datasets limits advancements in diagnosis, treatment planning, and the development of machine learning algorithms for NPC. Addressing this critical need, we introduce the first comprehensive NPC MRI dataset, encompassing MR axial imaging of 277 primary NPC patients.

Study on preparation, physicochemical properties and digestion of casein sol/gel induced by citric acid and heat.

Casein (CS) gels, valued for their functional properties, are widely utilized in food applications. In this study, CS sol/gels were prepared by citric acid and heat (85 °C) induction at varying pH values and protein concentrations, and their physicochemical properties and digestion characteristics were further evaluated in order to explore the gel mechanism and the potential application in controlled release of roselle anthocyanins (RA). Stable CS gels formed only at pH 2.

Transcriptomic, phenotypic and physiological analyses identify candidate regulators of Dendrobium stigma maturation and pollen-stigma interaction.

Background: species are prized for their ornamental and economic value, yet their low hybrid compatibility remains a critical challenge, potentially linked to stigma recognition mechanisms. The stigma, as the primary site for pollen interaction, undergoes dynamic developmental changes that lay the foundation for successful pollination. However, the molecular mechanisms governing stigma maturation and subsequent pollen recognition are poorly characterised.

Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome Score-Physical function Short-form (HOOS-PS).

Background: Chronic hip joint disease has a high prevalence in China, and the primary scale currently used to assess functional recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Physical Function Short-form (HOOS-PS). Therefore, our objective was to translate the HOOS-PS scale into Simplified Chinese and evaluate its reliability, validity, and responsiveness in THA patients.

Methods: First, we followed the widely accepted cross-cultural translation process to translate the original HOOS-PS into the Chinese version of HOOS-PS (CHOOS-PS).

Attack concealment for cyber-physical systems using a mechanism borrowing from differential privacy.

A cyber-physical system in general consists of a physical process intertwined with computational elements supported by a communication network, sensors, and actuators, making such a system vulnerable to external attacks. This work, from the viewpoint of an attacker, considers cyberattack protection (concealment) of cyber-physical systems in the framework of discrete event systems modeled by finite automata such that the system operator cannot detect the attacks. In particular, different types of attacks (referred to as attack dictionaries) are applied to a cyber-physical system, potentially resulting in the corruption or alteration of the generated observations.