Qualitative Study on Cognitive Load in Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Training in Northeast China: A Phenomenological Study Among Ten Trained Nurses.

Background: Although cognitive load theory has been applied in general nursing education, its role in epilepsy specialist training remains unexplored, particularly in resource-constrained regions such as Northeast China, where medical disparities intensify learning barriers.

Objective: To investigate the cognitive load experienced by epilepsy specialist nurses (ESNs) during training in Northeast China.

Methods: The research participants were 10 nurses who underwent epilepsy training between December 2023 and February 2024, all from tertiary hospitals within the province.

Blocking the NR2B in the hippocampal dentate gyrus reduced the spatial memory deficits and apoptosis through the PERK-CHOP pathway in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) integrates multiple sensory inputs and encodes spatial memory. DG-dependent spatial memory deficits have been observed in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous study demonstrated that glutamate (Glu)-mediated excitotoxicity contributes to spatial learning and memory impairment in AD.

Dopamine and D1 receptor in hippocampal dentate gyrus involved in chronic stress-induced alteration of spatial learning and memory in rats.

There is increasing evidence that chronic stress (CS), which occurs when the body is exposed to prolonged stressors, significantly impairs learning and memory. Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in learning and memory in the hippocampus through the activation of D1-like receptors (D1R). However, the specific roles of DA and D1R in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), particularly in CS-induced changes in spatial learning and memory, are not well understood.

Enhanced NMDA receptor pathway and glutamate transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus mediate the spatial learning and memory impairment of obese rats.

Obesity has been linked with the impairment of spatial memory and synaptic plasticity but the molecular mechanisms remained unidentified. Since glutamatergic transmission and NMDA receptor neural pathways in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are essential in the learning and memory, we aimed to investigate glutamate (Glu) and NMDA receptor signaling of DG in spatial learning and memory in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Spatial learning and memory were assessed via Morris water maze (MWM) test on control (Ctr) and DIO rats.

Inhibitory Effect of Trihydroxy Isoflavone on Neuronal Apoptosis in Natural Aging Rats.

Objective: To explore the impact of genistein (Gen) on the apoptosis of neuronal cells in naturally aged rats and its mechanism.

Methods: Fifty SD male rats were allocated into five groups at random, including youth group (3M group), natural aging group (24M group), and Gen low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. Starting from 18 months of age, Gen 10, 30, and 60 mg-kg were administered via gavage to the Gen low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively, while the rats in the natural aging group was given saline by gavage until 24 months of age, and the drug was stopped for 1 d per week for 6 months.

Activation of MYO1G by lncRNA MNX1-AS1 Drives the Progression in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer represents the most prevalent cancer worldwide and causes the death of many patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells, have the capacities of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multiple differentiation potential. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MNX1-AS1 on maintaining the stemness of CSC in lung cancer.

Nitric oxide impairs spatial learning and memory in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease via disturbance of glutamate response in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during spatial learning.

Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathways may play a significant role in the decline of synaptic and cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether NO in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is involved in the spatial learning and memory impairments of AD by affecting the glutamate (Glu) response during these processes is not well-understood. Here, we prepared an AD rat model by long-term i.

[Chronic stress increases dopamine levels in hippocampal dentate gyrus and impairs spatial learning and memory in rats].

The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of chronic stress (CS) on dopamine (DA) level and synaptic efficiency in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) during spatial learning and memory. Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into control group and CS group (n = 10). CS group was treated with chronic mild unpredictable stress, and control group did not receive any treatments.

Norepinephrine in the dentate gyrus is involved in spatial learning and memory alteration induced by chronic restraint stress in aged rats.

The role of norepinephrine of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in spatial learning and memory alteration induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS, 3 h/day, 6 weeks) was investigated in aged rats. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM), and the extracellular concentration of norepinephrine and amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) were measured in the dentate gyrus during MWM test in freely-moving rats. Next, the involvement of β-adrenoceptors in spatial learning and memory of CRS rats was examined by microinjection of its antagonist (propranolol) into the dentate gyrus.

DFT study of structural, elastic, electronic and dielectric properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes.

Because of the flexibility band structure, the nanotubes based on the (001) two-dimensional monolayer of β-P are expected to be a promising candidate for electronic and optical applications. By density functional theory calculations, it could be investigated the structural stability of single-wall armchair and zigzag blue phosphorus nanotubes. The formation energy, structure parameter, Young's modulus, radial Poisson's ratio, band gap and static electronic polarizabilities for the two types of nanotubes are computed and analyzed as functions of the tube radius and axial strain.

Dopamine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus modulates spatial learning via D1-like receptors.

Increasing evidence supports that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in the hippocampal function via activation of D1-like receptors (D1Rs). As the entry structure of the hippocampal formation, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is critically involved in spatial learning and memory. Despite a number of studies investigated how DA influences CA1 plasticity and learning, there are fewer studies examining the influence of DA signaling to the DG.

Activation of β-adrenoceptor facilitates active avoidance learning through enhancement of glutamate levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely accepted as the best studied model for neurophysiological mechanisms that could underlie learning and memory formation. Despite a number of studies indicating that β-adrenoceptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is involved in the modulation of learning and memory as well as LTP, few studies have used glutamate release as a visual indicator in awake animals to explore the role of β-adrenoceptors in learning-dependent LTP. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of propranolol (an antagonist of β-adrenoceptor) and isoproterenol (an agonist of β-adrenoceptor) on extracellular concentrations of glutamate and amplitudes of field excitatory postsynaptic potential were measured in the DG region during active avoidance learning in freely moving conscious rats.

α1-Adrenoceptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus involved in learning-dependent long-term potentiation during active-avoidance learning in rats.

The hippocampus is the key structure for learning and memory in mammals and long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important cellular mechanism responsible for learning and memory. The influences of norepinephrine (NE) on the modulation of learning and memory, as well as LTP, through β-adrenoceptors are well documented, whereas the role of α1-adrenoceptors in learning-dependent LTP is not yet clear. In the present study, we measured extracellular concentrations of NE in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region using an in-vivo brain microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques during the acquisition and extinction of active-avoidance behavior in freely moving conscious rats.

Association between omentin and echo parameters in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Adipose-derived adipokines have been demonstrated to be associated with the development of experimental heart disease through chronic inflammation and cardiac cell apoptosis. Omentin is to be one of the novel adipokines. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between circulating omentin and cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

GABAB receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus are involved in spatial learning and memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia.

The roles of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAB receptors of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in spatial learning and memory impairment were investigated in a rat model of vascular dementia (VaD) established by permanent bilateral carotid occlusion. The extracellular concentration of GABA in the DG was determined by in vivo microdialysis and HPLC, and spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Next, the possible involvement of GABAB receptors in spatial learning and memory impairments of VaD rats was examined by microinjection of its antagonist into the DG region.

Propofol depresses cerebellar Purkinje cell activity via activation of GABA(A) and glycine receptors in vivo in mice.

Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agen, which causes rapid and reliable loss of consciousness. Under in vitro conditions, propofol activates GABAA and glycine receptors in spinal cord, hippocampus and hypothalamus neurons. However, the effects of propofol on the cerebellar neuronal activity under in vivo conditions are currently unclear.

[Effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the hippocampal DG on active avoidance learning in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of serotonin (5-HTIA) receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) on active avoidance learning in rats.

Methods: Totally 36 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, antagonist group and agonist group(n = 12). Active avoidance learning ability of rats was assessed by the shuttle box.

Nitric oxide facilitates active avoidance learning via enhancement of glutamate levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

The hippocampus is a key structure for learning and memory in mammals, and long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important cellular mechanism responsible for learning and memory. Despite a number of studies indicating that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the formation and maintenance of LTP as a retrograde messenger, few studies have used neurotransmitter release as a visual indicator in awake animals to explore the role of NO in learning-dependent long-term enhancement of synaptic efficiency. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of l-NMMA (a NO synthase inhibitor) and SNP (a NO donor) on extracellular glutamate (Glu) concentrations and amplitudes of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) were measured in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region during the acquisition and extinction of active-avoidance behavior in freely-moving conscious rats.

Β-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulate the baroreflex in conscious rats.

The role of β-adrenoceptors of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in modulation of the baroreflex was investigated in conscious rats. The baroreflex was induced by intravenous injection of phenylephrine, and then the extracellular concentration of norepinephrine in the PVN region determined using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Next, the role of the β-adrenoceptor in modulation of the baroreflex was investigated by perfusion of its antagonist or agonist into the PVN using microdialysis.

Intracerebroventricular injection of stresscopin-related peptide enhances cardiovascular function in conscious rats.

Stresscopin-related peptide (SRP), which is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family, is a high-affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) and is involved in stress-coping responses. Central treatment with SRP suppresses food intake, delays gastric emptying and decreases heat-induced edema, but the effects of central administration of SRP on the cardiovascular system are unclear. Here we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.

Effects of stresscopin on rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in vitro.

The effects of stresscopin (SCP) on rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons were examined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse-transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (SC-RT-mPCR) techniques. Under current-clamp conditions, bath application of SCP (100 nM) induced inhibition in 35.2% (37/105) of putative magnocellular neurons and 24.

[Cardiovascular change induced by central hypertonic saline are accompanied by GABA release in awake rats].

Aim: To investigate the possible involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in cardiovascular responses induced by central salt loading.

Methods: Direct perfusion into PVN region with hypertonic saline (0.6 mol/L) was performed in conscious rats by using an in vivo brain microdialysis technique.

Phase behavior of binary blends of diblock copolymers.

The phase behavior of binary blends of a long symmetric AB diblock copolymer and a short asymmetric AB diblock copolymer is studied using the self-consistent mean-field theory. The investigation focuses on blends with different short diblocks by constructing phase diagrams over the whole blending compositions and a large segregation regime. The influences of the chain length ratio (R) of the long and short diblock copolymers on their miscibility and on the stability of various ordered structures are explored.

Changes of some amino acid concentrations in the medial vestibular nucleus of conscious rats following acute hypotension.

Microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to measure the changes of certain amino acids in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) of conscious rats in order to understand whether those amino acids are involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Acute hypotension was induced by infusing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) into the femoral vein. In the control group, glutamate (Glu) release increased, though gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine (Tau) release decreased in the MVN following acute hypotension.