Asymmetric Fe-O-Ni Pair Sites in Two-Step Dealloyed Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocubes Enrich Linear-Adsorbed Intermediates for Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxides are among the most active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in alkaline media. However, achieving precise control over local asymmetric Fe-O-Ni active sites in Ni-Fe oxyhydroxides for key oxygenated intermediates' adsorption steric configuration regulation of the OER is still challenging. Herein, we report a two-step dealloying strategy to fabricate asymmetric Fe-O-Ni pair sites in the shell of NiOOH@FeOOH/NiOOH heterostructures from NiFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes, involving anion exchange and structure reconstruction.

De-MSI: A Deep Learning-Based Data Denoising Method to Enhance Mass Spectrometry Imaging by Leveraging the Chemical Prior Knowledge.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a label-free technique that enables the visualization of the spatial distribution of thousands of ions within biosamples. Data denoising is the computational strategy aimed at enhancing the MSI data quality, providing an effective alternative to experimental methods. However, due to the complex noise pattern inherent in MSI data and the difficulty in obtaining ground truth from noise-free data, achieving reliable denoised images remains challenging.

Stimulating Efficiency for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Splitting Electrolyzers: From Material Design to Electrode Engineering.

Unlabelled: Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are a promising technology for large-scale hydrogen production, yet their industrial deployment is hindered by the harsh acidic conditions and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in iridium-based electrocatalysts (IBEs), emphasizing novel optimization strategies to enhance both catalytic activity and durability. Specifically, we critically examine the mechanistic insights into OER under acidic conditions, revealing key degradation pathways of Ir species.

Protocol to discover terrain-precipitation relationships with interpretable artificial intelligence.

The relationship between terrain and precipitation is a crucial aspect of climate science. Here, we describe a protocol for uncovering the underlying laws governing this relationship via interpretable artificial intelligence. We describe the steps for preparing datasets, constructing algorithms, and discovering explicit equations.

Dietary Exposure to Imidacloprid at Environmental Doses Induces Renal Injury in Mice via P-AMPK Inhibition and Subsequent Purine Metabolism Dysregulation.

Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid insecticide extensively applied in agriculture, is among the most frequently detected pesticides in food. However, the long-term impact of chronic dietary exposure to environmentally relevant IMI doses on kidney health has not been fully elucidated, particularly regarding its nephrotoxic mechanisms. To address this gap, chronic exposure to IMI was administered to mice through supplementation of their feed with environmentally relevant doses (approximately 100 and 1000 μg/kg/day) for 24 weeks to investigate its nephrotoxicity and underlying mechanisms.

Urinary exposure to liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in children near e-waste recycling sites: Occurrence and implications for physical growth.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are emerging contaminants extensively used in electronic displays, yet human exposure assessment studies remain scarce, particularly among children. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of urinary LCMs in 194 children living near e-waste recycling areas in South China. Eighteen of thirty target LCMs were detected, with significantly higher concentrations in exposed children (median = 8.

Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) Disrupts Immune Regulation via the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish.

As there are a growing number of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alternative substitutes applied globally, it remains paramount to characterize their potential health risks. Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is the most common alternative PFAS detected in the environment; however, its toxic effects and underlying mechanism of action to aquatic biota remains unclear. In this study, we present evidence of PFDA-induced immunotoxicity and gain insight into underlying molecular mechanisms.

A Universal Solid Reaction Enabling Nanosized LiS in an Amorphous Matrix for All-Solid-State Li-S Batteries.

Lithium sulfide (LiS), a key cathode material for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, faces challenges such as low electronic and ionic conductivities and limited active material utilization during cycling. In this study, we developed a new cathode featuring nanosized LiS embedded in an amorphous LiFeS matrix (92LiS@8LiFeS). Benefiting from the mixed electronic and ionic conductivities of LiFeS along with its catalytic effect and the nanosized LiS that shortens electron and ion transport distances, this 92LiS@8LiFeS cathode exhibits long-term cycling stability with a capacity retention of over 99% after 320 cycles.

Estimating the predictability of questionable open-access journals.

Questionable journals threaten global research integrity, yet manual vetting can be slow and inflexible. Here, we explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to systematically identify such venues by analyzing website design, content, and publication metadata. Evaluated against extensive human-annotated datasets, our method achieves practical accuracy and uncovers previously overlooked indicators of journal legitimacy.

Breaking the Conductivity-Capacity Trade-Off in MCl Anionic Framework: Amorphous Oxyhalide Cathode Materials Enable ≈1100 Wh Kg at Cathode-Level in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Halide cathode active materials (CAMs) with high ionic conductivities have attracted significant attention. However, their capacity and energy density are limited by the large molar weight of the Li⁺ transport-dependent MCl anionic framework. In this study, a low-cost amorphous iron-based oxyhalide LFFOC-0.

Thinned and Welded Silver Nanowires for Intelligent Pressure and Humidity Sensing Enabled by Machine Learning.

The rapid development of flexible and wearable technologies urgently requires high-performance and compatible flexible electrodes. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered a promising conductive material, but their inherent structural drawbacks significantly hinder their widespread application. Here, an innovative and facile strategy is employed to simultaneously enhance the electrical and optical properties of AgNWs by precisely tuning their microstructure.

Spatial lipidomics and metabolomics reveal brain region-specific metabolic dysregulation in mice exposed to the emerging persistent organic pollutant methoxychlor.

Methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine pesticide, is an emerging persistent organic pollutant of significant environmental concern due to its notable persistence and bioaccumulation. While compelling evidence supports its neurotoxic effects, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear and warrant systematic investigation. This study establishes an integrated spatial molecular platform combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) with lipidomics and metabolomics to investigate region-specific neurotoxic mechanisms in mouse brain tissues.

Surveying pet owners' attitudes towards roaming cats in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aim: To examine the attitudes of pet owners towards roaming cats in New Zealand.

Materials And Methods: Data was used from a survey of New Zealand residents aged over 18 conducted online between January and March 2019. Along with demographic questions, the respondents were asked, "Do you think that roaming pet dogs and cats are a problem?" (yes, no, never thought about it) and if they answered "yes", were invited to explain their answers.

Patterns, variability, and predictors of p-phenylenediamine quinones and parent p-phenylenediamines in pregnant women across three trimesters.

p-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs), oxidative derivatives of rubber antioxidant p-phenylenediamines (PPDs), have garnered increasing concern due to their environmental ubiquity and toxicity. However, evidence regarding the exposure assessment of these emerging contaminants in humans, especially pregnant women, remains limited. Herein, we measured the levels of six PPD-Qs and their parent six PPDs in 1,278 urine samples collected from 426 pregnant women over three trimesters with the aim of evaluating the exposure profiles, variability, and predictors of PPD-Qs and PPDs during pregnancy.

Inhaled nintedanib dry powder formulation for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study.

Nintedanib has been clinically proven to slow the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, its therapeutic utility is limited by the side effects resulting from extensive tissue distribution following oral administration. To minimize systemic exposure and related adverse effects, an inhalable dry powder formulation of nintedanib was developed to directly deliver the drug to the lung. The spray-dried formulation of nintedanib (SD-NTB), incorporating leucine as a dispersion enhancer, was successfully prepared, achieving favorable in vitro aerodynamic performance.

Tuning water dissociation at oxide-electrolyte interfaces with electric fields.

Understanding how electric fields influence water dissociation at heterogeneous interfaces is crucial for controlling interfacial chemical reactions and advancing next-generation energy technologies. Herein, ab initio-based machine learning simulations show that even small electric field changes can significantly alter the water dissociation fraction at planar TiO-electrolyte interfaces. The resulting free energy difference between undissociated and dissociated interfacial water exhibits a linear dependence on the field change with a slope of 1.

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in FeRh Thin Films with Coexisting Magnetic Phases.

The advantages of high integration density, energy efficiency, and enhanced stability make the realization of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in single-layer films a crucial step toward the development of advanced spintronic devices. A theoretical study predicted that the magnetic easy axis of FeRh film would reorient from out-of-plane (OP) to in-plane (IP) directions during the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AF-FM) phase transition. However, few studies have observed an OP magnetic anisotropy in FeRh films.

Unconventional scaling of the orbital Hall effect.

Orbital torque is a promising approach for electrically controlling magnetization in spintronic devices. However, unravelling the underlying mechanisms governing the orbital Hall effect (OHE), especially the role of extrinsic scattering and its scaling with conductivity (σ), is crucial for realizing the full potential of orbital torque in energy-efficient spintronic devices. Here, using SrRuO as a model system, we discover an unconventional scaling of orbital Hall conductivity ( ) with tunable σ.

Generating Active Metal/Oxide Dynamic Interface through Triggering Hydroxyl Reverse Spillover for High-Performing Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers.

Monitoring the reconstruction of atomic and electronic structure of the reaction interface under realistic working conditions remains a significant challenge in achieving highly efficient acidic oxygen evolution (OER). Herein, we introduce a bias-induced activation strategy to modulate in situ catalyst leaching and trigger hydroxyl reverse spillover on the IrO/SrTiO catalyst for enhanced OER performance. Through extensive operando measurements including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with OH radical quenching experiment, we confirm the involvement of a reverse OH spillover mechanism in the OER process.

Stable Metal-Organic Electrocatalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers by Defect Engineering.

Developing efficient and durable catalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital to achieving practical anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) for green hydrogen production. Here, we break the activity-stability trade-off of electrocatalysis by defect engineering of Ni-based metal-organic electrocatalysts (Ni-benzenedicarboxylate; Ni-BDC) through coordinating ferrocenecarboxylates (Fc) to the metal sites. Experimental results collectively reveal that the defect MOF (Ni-BDC:Fc_5:1) exhibits a high OER turnover frequency of 0.

The Role of Ionicity in Transparent Conducting Materials.

In this work, we show that large energy separation between a conduction band minimum (CBM) and higher conduction band (CBM+1) is a universal property in metal oxides, and it decreases when anion ionicity decreases from oxides to sulfides to selenides to tellurides. This originates from the low CBM and high CBM+1 in the oxides. The low CBM in oxides is explained by the high electronegativity of oxygen, which leads to weak coupling between cation_ and O_2 atomic levels and strong coupling between cation_ and unoccupied O_3 atomic levels, thus pushing downward the CBM level.

Engineering Surface Oxygen Vacancies Buffer Achieving Ultrahigh-Voltage LiCoO.

Applying higher operating voltage (≥4.6 V) to elevate the energy density of LiCoO (LCO) is essential for achieving high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, a higher working voltage would induce lattice oxygen release, resulting in the surface structure transition from the initial layered to a disordered phase.

Switchable electrochemical pathways for the selective C(sp)-Ge bond formation.

The development of efficient and general strategies for constructing alkyl germanes is crucial due to their significant roles in various areas that impact human quality of life. Herein, we report a robust electrochemically driven method for the construction of alkyl germanes, utilizing a variety of functionalized alkyl nitriles and commercially available chlorogermanes. The developed decyanative germylation approach allows for the efficient and modular preparation of a wide range of structurally diverse alkyl germanes under mild reaction conditions.

Solid solvation structure design improves all-solid-state organic batteries.

Organic electrode materials offer a versatile, sustainable approach for next-generation lithium-ion batteries but are limited by low working voltages and poor cycling stability. Here we report a solid-solvation-structure design strategy to improve both the voltage and stability of organic electrode materials in all-solid-state batteries. As a proof of concept, we incorporate halide electrolytes as solid solutes and tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone as a solid solvent to form homogeneous solid cathode solutions.

Protocol for constructing asymmetric triple-atoms supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via atomic layer deposition.

The precise construction of highly efficient triple-atom catalysts (TACs) remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a protocol for constructing asymmetric Pt-Ru-Co triple-atoms (TAs) supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) via selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. We describe steps for synthesizing the NCNT substrate, deposition of Pt-Ru-Co TAs, and characterizing the materials.