Probing the Kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quantum computer.

Quantum simulations of many-body systems are among the most promising applications of quantum computers. In particular, models based on strongly correlated fermions are central to our understanding of quantum chemistry and materials problems, and can lead to exotic, topological phases of matter. However, owing to the non-local nature of fermions, such models are challenging to simulate with qubit devices.

Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars.

The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively.

Observing differential spin currents by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.

Controlling spin currents, that is, the flow of spin angular momentum, in small magnetic devices, is the principal objective of spin electronics, a main contender for future energy-efficient information technologies. A pure spin current has never been measured directly because the associated electric stray fields and/or shifts in the non-equilibrium spin-dependent distribution functions are too small for conventional experimental detection methods optimized for charge transport. Here we report that resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can bridge this gap by measuring the spin current carried by magnons-the quanta of the spin wave excitations of the magnetic order-in the presence of temperature gradients across a magnetic insulator.

Stabilizing effect of amino acids on protein and colloidal dispersions.

Amino acids (AAs) have a long history of being used as stabilizers for biological media. For example, they are important components in biomedical formulations. The effect of AAs on biological systems is also starting to be appreciated.

ABCA7 variants impact phosphatidylcholine and mitochondria in neurons.

Loss-of-function variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 substantially increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, yet how they impact cellular states to drive disease remains unclear. Here, using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of human brain samples, we identified widespread gene expression changes across multiple neural cell types associated with rare ABCA7 loss-of-function variants. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed disrupted lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, DNA repair and synaptic signalling pathways.

Precise measurement of motor neuron dysfunction in Drosophila ALS model via climbing assay and leg imaging.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and death. While there is a plethora of studies focusing on many aspects of ALS, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, and effective treatments are scarce. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for studying ALS due to its genetic tractability and its evolutionarily conserved cellular and molecular processes which are also shared between the fly and human.

Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial.

Introduction: Partial automation is still evolving. There is need to understand how behavior changes over time as drivers develop familiarity with the technology. In Reagan et al.

Detection of heterogeneous resistance mechanisms to tyrosine kinase inhibitors from cell-free DNA.

Though there has been substantial progress in the development of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies to treat HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within the past two decades, most patients still experience disease progression and cancer-related death. HER2-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be highly effective therapies for patients with HER2-positive MBC; however, an understanding of resistance mechanisms is needed to better inform treatment approaches. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 111 patients with 73 tumor biopsies and 120 cell-free DNA samples to assess mechanisms of resistance.

Examining the contributions of demographic variables to vaccination uptake among the U.S. aged 50.

Vaccine uptake for five conditions harmful to older adults (seasonal influenza, pneumococcus infections, shingles, Covid-19, and pertussis) falls short of universal coverage, and discrepancies further emerge by gender, race, and vaccine target. Drawing on a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of 2623 U.S.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles - From synthesis to nanomedicine.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as powerful tools in nanomedicine owing to their heavy-metal-free composition, distinct magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and customizable surface chemistry. While traditionally employed as T-weighted MRI contrast agents, recent innovations have enabled the development of ultra-small SPIONs-such as exceedingly small SPIONs (ES-SPIONs) and single-nanometer iron oxide nanoparticles (SNIOs)-that offer T-weighted MRI capabilities, which are favored by radiologists for their superior anatomical clarity. This review highlights the synthesis of monodisperse SPIONs via thermal decomposition and controlled oxidation, as well as their functionalization with zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate (ZDS) ligands, which confer colloidal stability, minimal protein adsorption, and efficient renal clearance.

Toward a Robust Confirmation or Refutation of the Sterile-Neutrino Explanation of Short-Baseline Anomalies.

The sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE neutrino anomalies is currently being tested at three liquid argon detectors: MicroBooNE, SBND, and ICARUS. It has been argued that a degeneracy between ν_{μ}→ν_{e} and ν_{e}→ν_{e} oscillations significantly degrades their sensitivity to sterile neutrinos. Through an independent study, we show two methods to eliminate this concern.

First Sub-MeV Dark Matter Search with the QROCODILE Experiment Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.

We present the first results from the Quantum Resolution-Optimized Cryogenic Observatory for Dark matter Incident at Low Energy (QROCODILE). The QROCODILE experiment uses a microwire-based superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) as a target and sensor for dark matter scattering and absorption, and is sensitive to energy deposits as low as 0.11 eV.

Positive Neutrino Masses with DESI DR2 via Matter Conversion to Dark Energy.

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a massively parallel spectroscopic survey on the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, which has released measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations determined from over 14 million extragalactic targets. We combine DESI Data Release 2 with CMB datasets to search for evidence of matter conversion to dark energy (DE), focusing on a scenario mediated by stellar collapse to cosmologically coupled black holes (CCBHs). In this physical model, which has the same number of free parameters as ΛCDM, DE production is determined by the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD), allowing for distinct early- and late-time cosmologies.

Half-Life and Precision Shape Measurement of the 2νββ Decay of ^{130}Te.

We present a new measurement of the 2νββ half-life of ^{130}Te (T_{1/2}^{2ν}) using the first complete model of the CUORE data, based on 1038 kg yr of collected exposure. Thanks to optimized data selection, we achieve a factor of two improvement in precision, obtaining T_{1/2}^{2ν}=(9.32 _{-0.

Search for an Anomalous Production of Charged-Current ν_{e} Interactions without Visible Pions across Multiple Kinematic Observables in MicroBooNE.

This Letter presents an investigation of low-energy electron-neutrino interactions in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam by the MicroBooNE experiment, motivated by the excess of electron-neutrino-like events observed by the MiniBooNE experiment. This is the first measurement to use data from all five years of operation of the MicroBooNE experiment, corresponding to an exposure of 1.11×10^{21} protons on target, a 70% increase on past results.

Evidence for Similar Collectivity of High Transverse-Momentum Particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb Collisions.

Charged hadron elliptic anisotropies (v_{2}) are presented over a wide transverse momentum (p_{T}) range for proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 8.16 and 5.02 TeV, respectively.

Collapse of a Quantum Vortex in an Attractive Two-Dimensional Bose Gas.

We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and timescales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasistationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex solitonlike structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamics caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of Townes solitonlike wave packets.

Expansion and revision of the genus and proposal of gen. nov.

The nitrogen-fixing, chemolithoautotrophic genus is found across numerous diverse environments worldwide and is an important member of many ecosystems. These species serve as model systems for their metabolic properties and have industrial applications in bioremediation and sustainable protein, food and fertilizer production. Despite their abundance and utility, the majority of strains are without a genome sequence, and only eight validly published species are known to date.

Sirolimus for Venous Malformations: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety.

Venous malformations can cause substantial morbidity and long-term complications. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for the treatment of venous malformations. However, off-label use of sirolimus has demonstrated clinical benefit in these patients.

Sensitization of cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents by expression of the REV1 C-terminal domain: Implications for chemotherapy.

The mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, which is critically dependent on REV1's ability to recruit inserter TLS polymerases and the POLζ extender polymerase, enables cancer cells to bypass DNA lesions while introducing mutations that likely contribute to the development of chemotherapy resistance and secondary malignancies. Targeting this pathway represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of human REV1, a ca.

Dissecting antimicrobial logic: species-specific strategies for intracellular pathogen defense.

Control of intracellular pathogens is a critical element of host defense. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the host restricts or eliminates these pathogens may inform the development of novel immunotherapeutics and antimicrobial strategies, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. In parallel, understanding how pathogens subvert these immune responses may yield new approaches to disrupt virulence rather than viability.

activity of SPR206 and comparator agents against , species, and Enterobacterales responsible for infection in United States, European, Israeli, and Turkish hospitals.

Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance require additional safe and effective options for managing difficult-to-treat infections. SPR206 is a next-generation polymyxin with improved safety profiles. This study determined the activity of SPR206 against a diverse collection of gram-negative isolates.

Genome sequencing reveals the impact of pseudoexons in rare genetic disease.

Purpose: Advancements in sequencing technologies have significantly improved clinical genetic testing, yet the diagnostic yield remains around 30-40%. Emerging technologies are now being deployed to address the remaining diagnostic gap.

Methods: We tested whether short-read genome sequencing could increase the diagnostic yield in individuals enrolled into the UCI-GREGoR research study, who had suspected Mendelian conditions and prior inconclusive testing.