Tumor Microenvironment Responsive TPZ-Loaded Core-Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles for Selective Cancer Bioreductive Therapy.

Purpose: Tumor hypoxia is a key barrier to successful delivery and activity of anti-cancer agents. To tackle this, we designed hypoxia-responsive Au-PEI-Azo-mPEG nanoparticles (NPs) denoted as APAP NPs for targeted delivery of hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), tirapazamine (TPZ) to hypoxic breast cancer cells.

Methods: AuNPs were first synthesized.

Adverse Outcome Pathways Applied to Space Radiation Research.

Long-duration spaceflight exposes astronauts to various stressors that can alter human physiology, potentially causing immediate and long-term health effects. These stressors can damage biomolecules, cells, tissues, and organs, leading to adverse outcomes. Developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) relevant to radiation exposure can guide research priorities and inform risk assessments of future space exploration activities.

WISDEM: a hybrid wireless integrated sensing detector for simultaneous EEG and MRI.

Concurrent recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals reveals cross-scale neurovascular dynamics crucial for explaining fundamental linkages between function and behaviors. However, MRI scanners generate artifacts for EEG detection. Despite existing denoising methods, cabled connections to EEG receivers are susceptible to environmental fluctuations inside MRI scanners, creating baseline drifts that complicate EEG signal retrieval from the noisy background.

Urban planning in the era of large language models.

City plans are the product of integrating human creativity with emerging technologies, which continuously evolve and reshape urban morphology and environments. Here we argue that large language models hold large untapped potential in addressing the growing complexities of urban planning and enabling a more holistic, innovative and responsive approach to city design. By harnessing their advanced generation and simulation capabilities, large language models can contribute as an intelligent assistant for human planners in synthesizing conceptual ideas, generating urban designs and evaluating the outcomes of planning efforts.

Multigenerational proteolytic inactivation of restriction upon subtle genomic hypomethylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Restriction-modification (R-M) systems protect against phage infection by detecting and degrading invading foreign DNA. However, like many prokaryotic anti-phage defences, R-M systems pose a major risk of autoimmunity, exacerbated by the presence of hundreds to thousands of potential cleavage sites in the bacterial genome. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains experience the temporary inactivation of restriction endonucleases following growth at high temperatures, but the reason and mechanisms for this phenomenon are unknown.

Future ocean warming may cause large reductions in Prochlorococcus biomass and productivity.

The cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is Earth's most abundant photosynthetic organism and crucial to oceanic ecosystems. However, its sensitivity to a changing climate remains unclear. Here we analysed decade-long field measurements using continuous-flow cytometry from our SeaFlow instrument, collecting per-cell chlorophyll fluorescence and size data for ~800 billion phytoplankton cells across the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean to quantify the temperature dependence of cell division.

Extracellular Matrix and Fibroblast Activation in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease caused by hyperactivation of the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) growth pathway in a subset of mesenchymal lung cells. Histopathologically, LAM lesions have been described as immature smooth muscle-like cells positive for the immature melanocytic marker HMB45/PMEL/gp100 and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6). Advances in single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology allowed us to group LAM cells according to their expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) genes and identify three clusters: a high CSC-like state (SLS), an intermediate state, and a low CSC-like inflammatory state (IS).

A Multimodal Imaging Framework to Advance Phenotyping of Living Label-free Breast Cancer Cells.

We present multimodal confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (RS) and tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) for quick morpho-chemical phenotyping of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Leveraging the non-perturbative nature of these advanced microscopy techniques, we captured detailed morpho-molecular data from living, label-free cells in their native physiological environment. Human bias-free data processing pipelines were developed to analyze hyperspectral Raman images (spanning Raman modes from 600 cm to 1800 cm, which uniquely characterize a wide range of molecular bonds and subcellular structures), as well as morphological data from three-dimensional refractive index tomograms (providing measurements of cell volume, surface area, footprint, and sphericity at nanometer resolution, alongside dry mass and density).

Perspectives on two major bioactives in ginger, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, focusing on the metabolic fate and bioactivities.

Ginger, a globally cultivated spice and medicinal herb, is renowned for its health benefits and distinctive flavor. As ginger's main pungent and bioactive components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol share similar physicochemical properties and can be obtained by extraction from ginger or chemical synthesis. After oral ingestion, the biological fate of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol are influenced by processes including absorption, biotransformation, distribution, and excretion.

A causal inference framework to compare the effectiveness of life-sustaining ICU therapies-using the example of cancer patients with sepsis.

The rise in cancer patients could lead to an increase in intensive care units (ICUs) admissions. We explored differences in treatment practices and outcomes of invasive therapies between patients with sepsis with and without cancer. Adults from 2008 to 2019 admitted to the ICU for sepsis were extracted from the databases MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD.

CAA-related enlarged perivascular spaces are associated with abnormal angioarchitecture in human brain tissue: A key role for white matter atrophy?

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, a common age-related small vessel disease leading to hemorrhagic stroke, shares many characteristics with Alzheimer's disease: toxic amyloid deposits, microvascular alterations and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS). Together, PVS enlargement, reduced amyloid-β clearance and further accumulation form a vicious cycle underlying disease progression. Yet, the neuropathological correlates of EPVS, including the associated angioarchitecture, are poorly understood.

Intrahippocampally Injected Human Recombinant Clusterin Reduces Amyloid-β Aggregate Size in Cerebral Arteriole Walls of Clusterin Knockout Mice.

Aims: The clusterin (CLU) gene is genetically associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and CLU levels have been shown to positively correlate with regional Aβ deposition in the brain, including in arteries from cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) patients. CLU has also been shown to alter the aggregation, toxicity and blood-brain barrier transport of amyloid beta (Aβ) and has therefore been suggested to play a key role in regulating the balance between Aβ deposition and clearance in both the brain and cerebral blood vessels. However, it remains unclear whether the role of clusterin in relation to Aβ deposition is protective or pathogenic.

Revisiting values in evaluation: exploring the role of values in shaping evaluation practices and their influences on decision-making within English higher education providers.

Theoretical and empirical contributions to research on evaluation have advanced our understanding of how values influence evaluation practice. Yet rather than understand how values shape evaluation and its use, research on the evaluation of widening participation (WP) programmes delivered by English higher education (HE) providers has focused on methodological deficits. Rather, this study explores the complexity of how national policy, organisational imperatives and the individual values of staff responsible for WP within HE providers influence how evaluation is practised and used to inform decision-making.

Corrigendum to "The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium: An Initiative for Discovery and Validation of Dietary Biomarkers for Precision Nutrition. [Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2025, 107435]".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.

Conducting Eating Disorder Research in the Era of Generative AI: Researcher Perspectives and Guidelines From the International Journal of Eating Disorders.

Objectives: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) could transform how science is conducted, supporting researchers with writing, coding, peer review, and evidence synthesis. However, it is not yet known how eating disorder researchers utilize generative AI, and uncertainty remains regarding its safe, ethical, and transparent use. The Executive Committee of the International Journal of Eating Disorders disseminated a survey for eating disorder researchers investigating their practices and perspectives on generative AI, with the goal of informing guidelines on appropriate AI use for authors, reviewers, and editors.

ESCMID workshop: Artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical microbiology diagnostics.

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer significant potential to transform medical microbiology diagnostics, improving pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility prediction and outbreak detection. To address these opportunities and challenges, the ESCMID workshop, "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Microbiology Diagnostics", was held in Zurich, Switzerland, from June 2-5, 2025. The course featured expert lectures, practical sessions and panel discussions covering foundational ML concepts and deep learning architectures, data interoperability, quality control processes, model development and validation strategies.

Multiomics approach to evaluating personalized biomarkers of allergen immunotherapy.

Recent advancements in genomics and "omic" technologies have ushered in a transformative era referred to as personalized or precision medicine. This innovative approach considers the unique genetic profiles of individuals, along with a range of variability factors, to devise tailored disease treatments and prevention strategies that cater to the distinct needs of each patient. Although the terms personalized medicine and precision medicine are frequently utilized interchangeably, it is essential to delineate the subtle distinctions between them.

Predicting Treatment Response in Retinal Vein Occlusions Using Baseline Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review examines the prognostic value of baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers in predicting visual acuity (VA) outcomes for eyes with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions (RVO) treated with anti-VEGF therapies, steroids, laser photocoagulation, or combination treatments. VA predictions at 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment were assessed using a narrative synthesis approach and vote counting based on effect direction relative to a minimal clinically important difference. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE guidelines.

Diatom-inspired hierarchical carbon catalysts advance sustainable water decontamination via electron transfer-driven peroxide activation.

Catalysts for heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water remediation face environmental sustainability challenges, due to the intensive production of catalysts and limited stability of catalysts while maintaining high efficiency. Herein, we design a biomimetic carbon catalyst (BCC) inspired by the diatom frustule valve structure, achieving high environmental sustainability while maintaining superior water decontamination performance by a non-radical direct electron transfer (DET) pathway through activating peracetic acid (PAA). Utilizing a hydrogen-bonding strategy, BCC features pillared layered hierarchical pores with an ultrahigh specific surface area of 2710.

Magnesium Pyrophosphate Octahydrate (MgPO·8HO): Structure and Properties.

We report the discovery and comprehensive characterization of the octahydrate phase of magnesium pyrophosphate, MgPO·8HO, synthesized via aqueous reactive crystallization of magnesium chloride and sodium pyrophosphate in Tris buffer at pH 8. While MgPO·3.5HO and MgPO·6HO readily form under these conditions, the octahydrate appears only rarely.

Common network related to hyperkinetic seizures revealed by functional lesion network mapping.

Objective: This study aims to determine whether the anatomically heterogeneous lesions that cause hyperkinetic seizures (HKS) are connected to a common functional network.

Methods: We identified patients from the Beijing Tiantan-Fengtai Epilepsy Center with HKs as the primary ictal semiology. These included patients had focal seizure-onset zone, here referred to as a "lesion.

Predictive modelling of clinically significant depressive symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: protocol for a multicentre observational study in two Swiss hospitals (the PsyCor study).

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the most commonly performed cardiac surgeries worldwide. Despite surgical advancements, a significant proportion of patients experience psychological distress following surgery, with depression being particularly common. Current evidence regarding the effectiveness of preoperative psychological interventions in improving postoperative mental health outcomes remains inconclusive.

Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Grafts are Less likely to be Abandoned Compared to Autogenous Fistulas Despite a Higher Reintervention Rate.

Objective: Upper-extremity arteriovenous (AV) access often requires re-intervention. However, the frequency of re-interventions and subsequent access failure is not well-characterized. Our goal was to evaluate the frequency and type of re-interventions, risk-factors, and outcomes after AV access creation.