Autoinjector-based delivery of tranexamic acid provides pharmacokinetic efficacy in a porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Background: Hemorrhage remains the principal cause of death on the battlefield. It is suggested that Tranexamic acid (TXA) can improve survival of severely-bleeding casualties. The intravenous approach is not always available in the pre-hospital setting.

Modifying inhibitor specificity for homologous enzymes by machine learning.

Selective inhibitors are essential for targeted therapeutics and for probing enzyme functions in various biological systems. The two main challenges in identifying such protein-based inhibitors lie in the extensive experimental effort required, including the generation of large libraries, and in tailoring the selectivity of inhibitors to enzymes with homologous structures. To address these challenges, machine learning (ML) is being used to improve protein design by training on targeted libraries and identifying key interface mutations that enhance affinity and specificity.

Working across religions, cultures, settings, and development: Protocol for wave 2 data collection with children and parents by the developing belief network.

The Developing Belief Network is a global research collaborative studying religious development in diverse social-cultural settings, with a focus on the intersection of cognitive mechanisms and cultural beliefs and practices in early and middle childhood. The current manuscript describes the study protocol for the network's second wave of data collection, which aims to further explore the development and diversity of religious cognition and behavior using a multi-time point approach. This protocol is designed to investigate three key research questions-how children represent and reason about religious and supernatural agents, how children represent and reason about religion as an aspect of social identity, and how religious and supernatural beliefs are transmitted within and between generations-via a set of eight tasks for children between the ages of 5 and 13 years and a survey completed by their parents/caregivers.

Coping with role conflict and maintaining work self-efficacy: Strategies for working mothers during community emergencies.

This study examined the relationship between family-work role conflict and work self-efficacy among Israeli mothers during the Swords of Iron War emergency, focusing on coping resources such as optimism and conflict management strategies. The participants included 182 working mothers of young children experiencing heightened stress due to the ongoing war. Of the three examined coping strategies, routine maintenance was most prevalent, followed by reorganization of work and family roles, and seeking help from the environment.

Autophagy and Bacterial infections.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that is prominent during bacterial infections. In this review article, we discuss how direct pathogen clearance via xenophagy and regulation of inflammatory products represent dual functions of autophagy that coordinate an effective antimicrobial response. We detail the molecular mechanisms of xenophagy, including signals that indicate the presence of an intracellular pathogen and autophagy receptor-mediated cargo targeting, while highlighting pathogen counterstrategies, such as bacterial effector proteins that inhibit autophagy initiation or exploit autophagic membranes for replication.

Social network dynamics under experimental manipulations of predation risk and food abundance in wild rock hyraxes.

Understanding how animals respond to ecological constraints is crucial for interpreting the dynamics of social networks in the wild. We investigated how experimentally induced changes in perceived predation risk and food abundance influence the social behaviour of wild rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), using experimental manipulations and a meta-analytical framework. We used proximity sensors, trail cameras and observations to record multiple aspects of social interactions.

Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems.

Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals' positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations.

Biased and Inflexible Interpretations of Social Situations Predict Affect Intensity and Variability in Children and Adolescents.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by heightened emotionality. Past research indicated that the biased interpretation of social situations (i.e.

Noise-induced transitions in random Pomeau-Manneville maps.

We introduce randomness to Pomeau-Manneville (PM) maps by incorporating dichotomous multiplicative noise that alternates between dynamics with an attracting and a repelling fixed point. We characterize the dynamical behavior by measuring the separation of two nearby orbits. Controlling the probability of selecting the repelling PM map, we find two noise-induced transitions.

Longitudinal associations between potentially morally injurious events and posttraumatic stress among combat veterans: the mediating role of moral injury outcomes.

Moral injury (MI), originally studied in military contexts, refers to emotional distress resulting from actions that conflict with one's core values. MI outcomes may help explain how potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) contribute to mental health issues, yet empirical evidence remains limited. This longitudinal study examined whether MI outcomes mediate the relationship between PMIE exposure during combat and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) clusters following discharge.

A human-mouse atlas of intrarenal myeloid cells identifies conserved disease-associated macrophages in lupus nephritis.

Monocytes and macrophages in patients with lupus nephritis exhibit altered behavior compared with healthy kidneys. How to optimally use mouse models to develop treatments targeting these cells is poorly understood. This study compared intrarenal myeloid cells in four mouse models and 155 lupus nephritis patients using single-cell profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and functional studies.

The vulnerable role of empathy in children who live in conflict zones.

Children in conflict zones face repeated and cumulative trauma exposure, increasing their risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the critical role of empathy in coping with trauma, research on how children's cognitive and affective empathy relates to their psychological adjustment remains limited. Adult studies suggest that cognitive empathy may support better coping, whereas affective empathy could increase vulnerability to PTSD symptoms.

GLP-1RA and reduced mortality, cardiovascular and psychiatric risks in psoriasis: a large-scale cohort study.

Background: Psoriasis is associated with a significant comorbidity burden, especially cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), such as semaglutide, used to treat obesity and diabetes, could potentially reduce comorbidity in patients with psoriasis.

Objective: To investigate all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, inflammatory, psychiatric outcomes, and adverse events in psoriasis patients treated with GLP-1RA.

Fibro predict a machine learning risk score for advanced liver fibrosis in the general population using Israeli electronic health records.

Liver diseases, notably cirrhosis, pose a substantial global health challenge, resulting in millions of annual deaths. Existing diagnostic methods primarily target high-risk groups, leaving a significant portion of patients undiagnosed. This study aims to develop and validate an a machine-learning prediction model, Fibro-Predict, for the early detection of advanced liver fibrosis in the general population using nationwide electronic health records (EHRs).

Pooled CRISPR screens identifies key regulators of bovine stem cell expansion for cultured meat.

Cultured meat presents a sustainable alternative to traditional meat production but faces significant challenges in scalability and cost efficiency. A key limitation is the restricted proliferation capacity of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), a widely used cell source in the field. Using a pooled, lentiviral CRISPR knockout screen, we interrogated 3000 CRISPR guides targeting 600 genes involved in stem cell regulation or proliferation.

Are biased and inflexible updating of interpretations broad or narrow transdiagnostic risk markers for psychopathology? A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) lens.

Previous research has linked biased and inflexible interpretations of ambiguous information to various forms of psychopathology. However, existing studies typically investigate these interpretation processes within individual diagnostic categories, overlooking the significant symptom overlap and comorbidity among mental health conditions. Consequently, the extent to which biased and inflexible interpretations represent broad transdiagnostic or more narrowly specific risk factors remains unclear.

Evaluating in-vivo spontaneous firing rate in the brain based on neuronal noise modeling.

Even without external stimuli, neurons produce spontaneous bursts of activities. Theoretical and practical clinical considerations, suggest the importance of determining the in-vivo statistical profile of those spontaneous spikes bursts, however this task has not been accomplished yet. Currently, it is only accepted that the in-vivo value of the mean firing rate (λ) of those spontaneous bursts is below 0.

Preanalytical variables and analytes in liquid biopsy approach for brain tumors: A comprehensive review and recommendations from the RANO Group and the Brain Liquid Biopsy Consortium.

This review explores the pivotal role of preanalytical variables in bringing liquid biopsy approaches into the clinic for brain tumors. Preanalytical variables encompass a range of critical issues, from blood sample collection and handling to the impact of tumor heterogeneity and patient-specific factors. These variables introduce challenges such as false positives, false negatives, and variability in the analysis of tumor signals, which can hinder the diagnostic and prognostic utility of liquid biopsies.

Report on the 2nd MObility for Vesicle research in Europe (MOVE) symposium-2024.

The 2nd MObility for Vesicle research in Europe (MOVE) Symposium, held in Belgrade-Serbia, from October 8 to 11, 2024, showcased the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of extracellular vesicles (EVs) research in Europe. Organized by eight National EV Societies under the MOVE initiative, the event gathered over 280 attendees from 28 countries, promoting collaboration and scientific exchange. The symposium featured eight keynote lectures, 48 oral and 126 poster presentations, and sessions dedicated to EV-related tools and industry innovations.

Drugs and Nutrients in Epilepsy: Vitamin B6 and the Ketogenic Diet.

Certain foods and specific drugs have been linked to epilepsy in the literature. Here, we query PubMed citations for the co-occurrence of epilepsy with foods and drugs, using a list of 217,776 molecules from the HMDB. Notably, the top associations with epilepsy include approved drugs and drug families, diagnostic markers, inducers, and vitamins.

The Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocytes Ratio (NLR) as a Predictor of Disease Activity in Behcet's Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review.

Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease with multisystem involvement and prominent neutrophil activation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has gained increasing attention as a potential surrogate marker for systemic inflammation. In this review we aimed to summarize and critically review the current evidence regarding the utility of NLR in BS, including its association with overall disease activity and specific organ involvement, as well as to explore its strengths and limitations as a clinical biomarker.

Cometabolic Biodegradation of Hydrazine by -Bacillus Extremophilic Consortia: Synergistic Potential for Space and Industry.

Hydrazine, a highly toxic and reactive compound widely used as rocket fuel, poses significant environmental and health risks, particularly in long-term space missions. This study investigates the cometabolic capacity of and seven extremophilic spp. strains-isolated from the arid Dead Sea region-to tolerate and degrade hydrazine at concentrations up to 25 ppm.

X-ray phase measurements by time-energy correlated photon pairs.

The resolution of a measurement system is fundamentally constrained by the wavelength of the used wave packet and the numerical aperture of the optical system. Overcoming these limits requires advanced interferometric techniques exploiting quantum correlations. While quantum interferometry can surpass the Heisenberg limit, it has been confined to the optical domain.

Poly(-acryloyl-L-phenylalanine) nanoparticles for potential treatment of inflammation in selective organs.

Systemic inflammation can lead to multi-organ failure. The existing anti-inflammatory agents show adverse side effects, and the present situation demands new drugs with high therapeutic efficiency. Polymeric nanoparticles based on amino acids could be one of the best alternative solutions due to their cytocompatibility and immune responses.

Anti-Biofouling Coatings Based on Ultra-Slippery Surfaces.

Traditional treatment of biofouling with toxic paints or antibiotics has significant limitations and challenges, including negative impacts on surrounding ecosystems and the emergence of resistant microbial strains. Antibiotics often prove ineffective in penetrating the dense and protective structure of biofilms, rendering traditional antimicrobial approaches less effective and leading to chronic infections. Toxic paints, while initially effective in reducing microbial colonization, contribute to long-term environmental contamination and harm non-target organisms.