Leveraging Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Remote Transmissions to Predict the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist in patients, with the development of AF often preceding HF decompensation. We sought to evaluate whether daily remote monitoring of ICD parameters could predict AF occurrence using machine learning techniques in a real-world cohort.

Methods: Data from patients with primary prevention ICDs transmitted daily to the Northwell centralized remote monitoring center between 2012 and 2021 were extracted.

Addition of metronidazole to standard-of-care perioperative prophylaxis at the time of hysterectomy for gynecologic malignancies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of cefazolin or a second-generation cephalosporin plus metronidazole is associated with a reduced risk of surgical site infection in women undergoing hysterectomy for gynecologic cancer compared to using cefazolin or a second-generation cephalosporin alone.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hysterectomy at a single institution between January 2020 and June 2022. The primary outcome was surgical site infection.

Differences in muscle atrophy between the lower limbs and the accessory respiratory muscles in critically ill patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate muscle atrophy in critically ill patients using ultrasonography. We compared the rectus femoris (a major muscle of the lower limbs) with the sternocleidomastoid (an accessory respiratory muscle).

Methods: Thirty-four patients hospitalized at the Critical Care Medical Center of Kindai University Hospital between January 2022 and March 2023 were enrolled.

Cannabis in the wild: Analysis of street cannabis and cannabinoid composition in Australia.

Background: Australia has one of the highest rates of cannabis use globally, yet the concentration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) of illicit street cannabis has not been formally assessed in over a decade. We aimed to comprehensively profile the concentration of THC, cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids in contemporary illicit street cannabis in regional Australia, assess variation over time, and examine how the amount of THC relates to consumer's perceived product strength.

Methods: Participants donated two 1-gram samples of cannabis at 3 different timepoints (i.

Heightened innate immunity may trigger chronic inflammation, fatigue and post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and cognitive dysfunction. ME/CFS patients often report a prodrome consistent with infection. We present a multi-omics analysis based on plasma metabolomic and proteomic profiling, and immune responses to microbial stimulation, before and after exercise.

A human-mouse atlas of intrarenal myeloid cells identifies conserved disease-associated macrophages in lupus nephritis.

Monocytes and macrophages in patients with lupus nephritis exhibit altered behavior compared with healthy kidneys. How to optimally use mouse models to develop treatments targeting these cells is poorly understood. This study compared intrarenal myeloid cells in four mouse models and 155 lupus nephritis patients using single-cell profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and functional studies.

Frontal Sinus Inverted Papilloma: Surgical Challenges and Outcomes of a Multi-Institutional Cohort.

Objectives: Inverted papilloma (IP) is typically a benign sinonasal tumor with a propensity to recur. The surgical treatment of IP arising from the frontal sinus is complicated by proximity to the orbit and skull base. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical challenges when managing this disease and report treatment outcomes in a multicenter cohort.

Illuminating lymphoid tissue HIV reservoirs: advanced assays and their relevance to achieving an HIV cure.

Purpose Of Review: Persistent HIV reservoirs within lymphoid tissues represent a major obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. This review examines current and emerging assays used to visualize, characterize, and quantify these reservoirs. Recent advancements in imaging, sequencing, and single-cell technologies are providing unprecedented detail about the composition, landscape and behavior of HIV reservoirs.

Annexin A2 interferes with complement regulation within the glomerulus.

The alternative pathway of complement is an important pathogenic driver of a variety of glomerular diseases. Factor H is a soluble complement regulatory protein, and it is known to play a critical role in protecting the kidney from alternative pathway-mediated injury. Other proteins, however, can interfere with complement regulation by Factor H, thereby predisposing the kidney to injury.

Age-Related Changes in the Clinical Picture of Long COVID.

Background: This study evaluated the impact of aging on the frequency and prevalent symptoms of Long COVID, also termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, using a previously developed Long COVID research index (LCRI) of 41 self-reported symptoms in which those with 12 or more points were classified as likely to have Long COVID.

Methods: We analyzed community-dwelling participants ≥ 60 years old (2662 with prior infection, 461 controls) compared to participants 18-59 years (7549 infected, 728 controls) in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery adult (RECOVER-Adult) cohort ≥ 135 days post-onset.

Results: Compared to the Age 18-39 group, the adjusted odds of LCRI ≥ 12 were higher for the Age 40-49 group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.

Governance of Polygenic Embryo Screening: A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Clinicians and Patients.

Objective: To investigate the perspectives of stakeholders on their attitudes towards potential regulation of polygenic embryo screening (PES), a new form of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) that is used to screen embryos for the genetic chances of developing medical conditions and non-medical traits involving hundreds or thousands of genes.

Design: We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis.

Subjects: 27 US-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists and 26 patients who were currently undergoing IVF or had within the past five years.

Diagnostic accuracy of circulating miR-146, miR-221 and miR-222 in papillary thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often recurs following surgical excision, necessitating reliable long-term screening techniques after initial management. Ultrasound scans have a poor predictive value and biopsy and genetic testing have a low sensitivity. Biomarker detection, including thyroglobulin, has reduced accuracy as residual thyroid tissue remains following surgery.

A phase 2 trial of hydroxychloroquine in individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Individuals with serum elevations of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are at increased risk for future rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No pharmacologic interventions have been approved for the prevention of RA in such 'at-risk' individuals. However, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used without supporting clinical trial evidence.

A Scoping Review of Sociodemographic Differences in Geriatric Orthopedic Surgery Research.

Background: Given the association between advanced age and musculoskeletal conditions treated with orthopedic surgery, as well as the presence of established health differences in orthopedic care among vulnerable populations, this review aimed to (1) qualitatively assess the extent to which geriatric orthopedic research includes sociodemographic differences, and (2) outline conceptual and methodological gaps in existing research.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of original research published between January 2017 and December 2023 and indexed in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We included studies evaluating sociodemographic differences in total knee/hip arthroplasty, hip fracture, and vertebral compression fracture.

Fever in Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: The role of fever in acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) in the contemporary era is not well described.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of fever in AMI-CS and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods: Among all AMI-CS patients in the Northwell-Shock registry (n = 1,372), fever was identified via ≥2 temperatures ≥38.

Radiolabeling isolated mitochondria with Tc-99m: A first-in-field protocol and early feasibility findings.

Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising but still experimental strategy for treating ischemic and metabolic disorders. A key barrier to its advancement is the lack of scalable, non-invasive methods for tracking transplanted extracellular mitochondria . Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) radiopharmaceuticals, widely used in SPECT imaging, may offer a clinically compatible solution.

Inhibition of eCIRP attenuates PANoptosis and renal fibrosis.

Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) was discovered as a potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). It has been shown that eCIRP is linked to various types of programmed cell death and acute inflammation. However, the role of eCIRP in chronic inflammation and renal fibrosis has not been elucidated.

Clinical Status of Exosomes: A Review.

Nano-sized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer and secreted by various cell types including mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes act as natural transporters, carrying bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that mediate intercellular communication. Exosomes influence a range of cellular processes, including immune modulation, tissue repair, and disease progression. Compared to whole-cell therapies, exosomes provide anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and regenerative effects with reduced risks linked to cellular components, such as infusion toxicity, immunogenicity, and tumorigenic phenomena.

ALK1-BMPRII agonism by clustering bispecific antibodies treats hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and severe bleeding caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALK1 receptor pathway. We developed clustering agonist bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) targeting ALK1 and its activating partner, the Ser/Thr receptor kinase BMPRII. These BsAbs induced ALK1-BMPRII proximity association, stimulated the downstream Smad1/5/8 signaling cascade, and treated HHT pathologies in various mouse models.

Molecular and subcellular mechanisms of vital macrophage extracellular trap formation.

Macrophage extracellular traps (METs) are a poorly understood process beneficial for infection control but detrimental in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. Our research shows that viable macrophages release METs even when plasma membrane lysis is blocked. We demonstrate, for the first time, that nuclear DNA is extruded directly into the cytoplasm through Gasdermin D pores on the nuclear envelope.

Tobacco and other substance co-use among adolescents and young adults with cancer who use tobacco: prevalence and associations with nicotine dependence and depression.

Introduction: Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis, alcohol and illicit drugs between AYAs with and without a cancer history and considered associations between co-use and nicotine dependence in AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco, exploring if past-year major depression moderates this relationship.

Methods: 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used to analyse past-month co-use in 7793 AYAs (228 with cancer; 7565 without cancer).

Diffuse neuropsychiatric lupus: Clinical evidence, immune-mediated mechanisms, and therapeutic insights.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) occur in more than half of patients with SLE, with symptoms including fatigue, anxiety, depression, pain, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms are often present at the time of diagnosis of SLE and can be insidious. Patients consider these to be among their most debilitating symptoms which most diminish their quality of life, but recognition and attribution of these frequently non-acute symptoms can be difficult, resulting in underassessment, underdiagnosis, and poor understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and how to treat them.

Differential impact of manic versus depressive episode recurrence on longitudinal gray matter volume changes in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder, characterized by episodes of mania and depression. The longitudinal neurobiological impact of BD episodes on brain structure remains largely unknown. In 124 age-sex-matched participants (62 BD patients; 62 healthy controls; HCs), aged 20-62 years, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between BD episodes and whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) changes (3 Tesla MRI) during a two-year interval, using voxel-based morphometry in SPM12/CAT12.