Established and Emerging Therapies for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Harnessing the Benefits of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Beyond.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term that is increasingly used to describe interconnected conditions that lead to poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Historically, there have been very few targeted pharmacotherapies available that have changed cardiovascular outcomes for people with CKM syndromes; however, over the past decade, new pharmacologic options have rapidly expanded, with strong evidence for cardiovascular and kidney protective benefits in CKM conditions. Of note, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have emerged as key therapeutic options and are now widely guideline-endorsed.

Effects of aperiodic neural activity on sleep-based emotional memory consolidation across the lifespan.

Sleep neurophysiology undergoes significant changes across the lifespan, which coincide with age-related differences in memory, particularly for emotional information. However, the mechanisms that underlie these effects remain poorly understood. One potential mechanism is the aperiodic component, which reflects "neural noise", differs across age, and is predictive of perceptual and cognitive processes.

Overview of evidence synthesis types and modes.

Background And Objectives: Evidence syntheses systematically compile and analyze information from multiple sources to support health care decision making. As many different types of questions need to be answered in health care, different evidence synthesis types have emerged. In this article, we introduce the most common types of evidence synthesis.

Recyclable Cu-Catalyzed -Methylation and C5-Methylthiomethylation of Isatins with DMSO.

An unprecedented recyclable system of copper-catalyzed C-C/N coupling of isatins and DMSO without any oxidant and acidic/basic additive has been unlocked. The -isatins occur tandem -methylation and C5-methylthiomethylation in order, while -substituted isatins proceed C5-methylthiomethylation only. DMSO serves as Me and MeSCH sources as well as the solvent.

Mepolizumab treatment and reduced oral corticosteroid exposure improves symptoms of depression and anxiety in severe eosinophilic asthma: data from the Australian Mepolizumab Registry.

Background: The benefits of oral corticosteroid (OCS) stewardship approaches -including monoclonal antibody treatments for severe asthma- on reducing toxic OCS exposure and related comorbidities such as depression and anxiety require real-world evaluation.

Methods: This real-world observational study investigated OCS exposure and associated complications over 24 months in patients enrolled in the Australian Mepolizumab Registry (n=412).

Results: Patients were median age 59 years, 58% were female.

Otolith-derived chemical chronologies reveal distinct patterns in physiology and environmental life histories of deep-sea snappers.

Otolith chemical approaches are widely used to inform fisheries management, supporting the identification of population structure, connectivity, and natal origins. Chemical transects combined with fish age and growth data can reveal individual life histories, highlighting movement patterns and environmental influences within populations. Scaling these distinct variations to the population-level through novel chronological approaches could further boost our understanding of long-term physiological and environmental processes, and their interactions across regions and species.

Addressing Safety, Quality, and Cost of Care Through a Telehealth Outpatient Transitional Care Model: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: People with multimorbidity have complex health care needs, resulting in high health service use, hospital readmission rates, and support needs. To prevent unnecessary hospital readmissions, effective coordination during the transition from hospital to primary care is essential; the transitional care model (TCM) is an effective approach to achieve this. This study will adapt the TCM, focusing on a nurse-led telehealth-based follow-up transition coordination service to enhance continuity between hospital and primary care, aiming to reduce unnecessary hospital readmissions and improve patient transitions.

Atomic insights into how electrolyte concentration controls CO electroreduction to acetate.

During the electrochemical conversion of CO to acetate on copper-based catalysts, the electrolyte concentration plays a crucial role in acetate selectivity. However, the correlation between the electrolyte concentration and the local microenvironment as well as the reaction kinetics remains unclear. In this work, we report for the first time the impact of KOH concentration on the solvent structure and reaction kinetics for CO reduction to acetate using advanced computational methods.

Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems.

Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals' positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations.

Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: From Mechanisms to Treatment.

By 2050, it is projected that 3.8 billion people worldwide will be overweight or obese. Alongside this growing burden of obesity is a parallel rise in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Yield potential and stress adaptation are not mutually exclusive: wheat as a case study.

Wheat is a primary staple crop worldwide, grown in a wide range of environments, leading to significant yield variation. Improving wheat yield potential and resilience against abiotic and biotic stresses are critical to food security. A perennial debate is to breed for yield potential or for adaptation to specific conditions.

HDL remodeling and enrichment with apoCIII and apoE in Indigenous Australians.

Background: Indigenous Australians have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and premature cardiovascular disease. Subpopulations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but HDL composition, size, or function have not been studied in Indigenous Australians.

Methods: The study consisted of 86 non-Indigenous participants, 43 of whom had T2DM, and 75 Indigenous participants, 36 of whom had T2DM.

Established dietary interventions and time-restricted eating for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Obesity and its associated metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and plaque progression, are key drivers of cardiovascular risk. Established dietary strategies, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and calorie restriction (CR), play a crucial role in preventing and slowing the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting where food intake is limited to 6-10 h daily, typically during daytime hours, and is showing potential to improve cardiovascular health.

Antenatal betamethasone impairs markers of cardiac development and function in near-term lambs.

Antenatal corticosteroids are commonly administered to promote fetal lung maturation; however, their impact on heart development is not well understood. This study therefore investigated the effects of antenatal betamethasone on cardiac development in near-term lambs, using tissues collected from a cohort of ewes with mild experimentally induced asthma. Pregnant ewes received two doses of either saline (Saline) or betamethasone (Betamethasone, intramuscular, 11.

Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping.

Improved low-frequency sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories would unlock study of intermediate-mass black hole mergers and binary black hole eccentricity and provide early warnings for multimessenger observations of binary neutron star mergers. Today's mirror stabilization control injects harmful noise, constituting a major obstacle to sensitivity improvements. We eliminated this noise through Deep Loop Shaping, a reinforcement learning method using frequency domain rewards.

Evaluation of a digital health platform for preventing stroke in the Australian community: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Love Your Brain.

Rationale: One in four people will have a stroke in their lifetime. Over 80% of strokes are preventable through the management of modifiable risk factors. There is a growing demand from the community for information about how to prevent stroke.

Implementation strategies for reducing carbon emissions in acute care: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This scoping review aims to characterize evidence on implementation strategies to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in acute care settings.

Introduction: Decarbonizing health care sectors is important for the sustainability of health systems and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. While evidence on the environmental impacts of health care is growing, there is limited understanding of how interventions to reduce emissions are implemented and what strategies support health care adaptation to reduce emissions.

Perspectives of Dental Stakeholders on the Clinical Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Australia for Caries.

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective cariostatic agent that has reemerged globally in recent years. Its resurgence is timely as dental caries remains prevalent, necessitating an affordable and simple treatment option. Its implementation in Australia has been slow, with inconsistent views on its use among practitioners, but is likely imminent given the recent global uptake.

Radiological assessment of Cerrobend and tungsten carbide as aperture materials in proton therapy.

Background: The use of patient-specific apertures in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy improves target conformity but increases secondary neutron production and induces aperture activation. While brass is commonly used for apertures, Cerrobend and tungsten carbide may offer cost-effective alternatives.

Purpose: This study evaluates the viability of Cerrobend and tungsten carbide for PBS apertures by examining secondary neutron production and activation using Tool for Particle Simulation (TOPAS).

Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Saline for the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic relapsing dermatosis commonly affecting the anogenital region in postmenopausal women, though it can affect people of any age and sex. The current gold standard treatment is lifelong topical steroid application to reduce symptoms and prevent the progression of disease, causing irreversible architectural change to the vulval tissue. LS is associated with decreased quality of life and increased risk of vulvar neoplasia.

Early childhood caries intervention in Aboriginal Australian children: Follow-up at child age 9 years.

Objective: Dental caries is one of the most common preventable diseases among Indigenous children. The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of an Early Childhood Caries (ECC) intervention among Aboriginal Australian children over 9 years, and to explore potential risk factors associated with dental caries among Indigenous Australian children.

Methods: Data were from a randomized controlled trial conducted in South Australia, Australia.

Assessing the burden of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or hyperemesis gravidarum and the associated use and experiences of medication treatments: An Australian consumer survey.

Background: There is little data on contemporary patterns of antiemetic use or women's experiences when using such agents in the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) or hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).

Methods: Online, national survey of Australian women who were currently or had previously experienced severe NVP or HG, distributed through the HG consumer group, Hyperemesis Australia between July and September 2020.

Results: There were a total of 289 respondents with a mean age of 33 years, of which 38% were currently pregnant.

Road transportation is associated with decreased intestinal motility in horses.

Background: Transportation of horses has been associated with colic and changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasonography using wireless, point-of-care transducers can be used to assess gastrointestinal motility in field settings.

Objectives: Characterization of intestinal motility and salivary cortisol responses of horses completing commercial transportation of 10-12h.

Functional Profiling Demonstrates That a Sulfide-Reducing Diet Achieves Microenvironmental Targets in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: As a dietary approach to reducing inflammation in ulcerative colitis, the 4-SURE (4 Strategies to Sulfide Reduction) diet was designed to correct pathogenic alterations of excessive protein fermentation and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the distal colon. We aimed to perform a deep functional analysis (microbial and metabolomic) of the feces of 28 adults with mild-moderately active ulcerative colitis who adhered to the 4-SURE diet over 8 weeks to explore whether the 4-SURE diet could modulate the intraluminal environment as intended.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected at week 0 and 8 of dietary intervention, processed and aliquoted.