Established and Emerging Therapies for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Harnessing the Benefits of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Beyond.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term that is increasingly used to describe interconnected conditions that lead to poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Historically, there have been very few targeted pharmacotherapies available that have changed cardiovascular outcomes for people with CKM syndromes; however, over the past decade, new pharmacologic options have rapidly expanded, with strong evidence for cardiovascular and kidney protective benefits in CKM conditions. Of note, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have emerged as key therapeutic options and are now widely guideline-endorsed.

Recyclable Cu-Catalyzed -Methylation and C5-Methylthiomethylation of Isatins with DMSO.

An unprecedented recyclable system of copper-catalyzed C-C/N coupling of isatins and DMSO without any oxidant and acidic/basic additive has been unlocked. The -isatins occur tandem -methylation and C5-methylthiomethylation in order, while -substituted isatins proceed C5-methylthiomethylation only. DMSO serves as Me and MeSCH sources as well as the solvent.

Atomic insights into how electrolyte concentration controls CO electroreduction to acetate.

During the electrochemical conversion of CO to acetate on copper-based catalysts, the electrolyte concentration plays a crucial role in acetate selectivity. However, the correlation between the electrolyte concentration and the local microenvironment as well as the reaction kinetics remains unclear. In this work, we report for the first time the impact of KOH concentration on the solvent structure and reaction kinetics for CO reduction to acetate using advanced computational methods.

Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: From Mechanisms to Treatment.

By 2050, it is projected that 3.8 billion people worldwide will be overweight or obese. Alongside this growing burden of obesity is a parallel rise in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Yield potential and stress adaptation are not mutually exclusive: wheat as a case study.

Wheat is a primary staple crop worldwide, grown in a wide range of environments, leading to significant yield variation. Improving wheat yield potential and resilience against abiotic and biotic stresses are critical to food security. A perennial debate is to breed for yield potential or for adaptation to specific conditions.

Established dietary interventions and time-restricted eating for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Obesity and its associated metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and plaque progression, are key drivers of cardiovascular risk. Established dietary strategies, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and calorie restriction (CR), play a crucial role in preventing and slowing the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting where food intake is limited to 6-10 h daily, typically during daytime hours, and is showing potential to improve cardiovascular health.

Implementation strategies for reducing carbon emissions in acute care: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This scoping review aims to characterize evidence on implementation strategies to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in acute care settings.

Introduction: Decarbonizing health care sectors is important for the sustainability of health systems and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. While evidence on the environmental impacts of health care is growing, there is limited understanding of how interventions to reduce emissions are implemented and what strategies support health care adaptation to reduce emissions.

Radiological assessment of Cerrobend and tungsten carbide as aperture materials in proton therapy.

Background: The use of patient-specific apertures in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy improves target conformity but increases secondary neutron production and induces aperture activation. While brass is commonly used for apertures, Cerrobend and tungsten carbide may offer cost-effective alternatives.

Purpose: This study evaluates the viability of Cerrobend and tungsten carbide for PBS apertures by examining secondary neutron production and activation using Tool for Particle Simulation (TOPAS).

Road transportation is associated with decreased intestinal motility in horses.

Background: Transportation of horses has been associated with colic and changes to the gastrointestinal microbiome. Percutaneous abdominal ultrasonography using wireless, point-of-care transducers can be used to assess gastrointestinal motility in field settings.

Objectives: Characterization of intestinal motility and salivary cortisol responses of horses completing commercial transportation of 10-12h.

Isomorphism of LiVO/NaVO and Its Li Transport Behavior.

Distinct physical and chemical properties are shown for the bulk and surface of the electrodes, resulting in different ion diffusion behaviors. The knock-off mechanism for multi-ion cooperative transport of LiVO exhibits excellent solid diffusion kinetics, but the slow Li insertion at the electrode/solution interface becomes the rate-controlling step of the reaction. The direct-hopping mechanism is more favorable for Li insertion reactions at the electrode/solution interface.

Induced nanostructured MnO on carbon cloth with optimized sodium-ion storage capability for self-supporting supercapacitors.

Herein, a hybrid-structured MnO cathode with self-supporting carbon cloth (CI-MnO@CC) was constructed by a nanomicellar-induced strategy cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for advanced supercapacitors. This self-supporting electrode achieves enhanced Na-ion storage ability and structure stability, which provides new insights for designing functional MnO electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.

Interfacial Li Diffusion Booster Accelerated by Enhanced Metal-Organic Framework Sieving and Wettability for High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are promising for realizing higher energy density. However, the poor interfacial Li transport kinetics and Li dendrite growth inhibit SSLMBs, leading to sluggish interfacial ion diffusion and depressive lifespan, which is attributed to high barriers blocked by anions or interface space in solid-state electrolytes. Herein, a flexible solid-state polymer skeleton employed with ionic liquid and metal-organic frameworks (PIM) electrolyte is proposed to strengthen interfacial Li ion exchange by improving the Li sieving effect and interfacial wettability.

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the effectiveness of graphene on stored product insects.

This investigation assessed the insecticidal efficacy of two graphene formulations (Gr1 and Gr2) on wheat kernels against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in relation to temperature and relative humidity (RH) at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm.

Introducing the Mesh Integration (MINT) Index: a standardised ratio scale for assessing in vivo hernia mesh performance.

Background: One in 15 people throughout their lifetime will develop an incisional hernia. Poor mesh tissue integration is thought to be responsible for hernia repair failure years after surgery. The aim was to develop a mesh integration index for standardised assessment of in vivo hernia mesh behaviour in the abdominal wall.

Salt-templated transformation of waste plastics into single-atom catalysts for environmental and energy applications.

Upcycling plastic waste into single-atom catalysts (SACs) not only offers a sustainable solution for plastic waste management but also yields valuable functional materials for catalytic applications. Here, we report a simple and scalable method to transform various types of plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, and their mixtures, into a diversity of porous SACs with different coordination chemistry and their excellent applications in a variety of catalytic reactions. Lamellar transition metal chloride salts (Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, and Cu) are employed as a template and catalyst for confined carbonization of plastics into layered SACs.

What's the point? The functional role of claws in pad-bearing taxa (Gekkota: Diplodactylidae).

Morphological adaptations facilitate effective movement within habitats. Claws are among the most common adaptations enabling organisms to use inclined and vertical surfaces. However, some taxa have evolved adhesive pads in addition to claws, with claws suggested to be more effective at gripping coarse surfaces, while pads attach better to fine-grained surfaces.

Measurement of dynamic stress using linear and nonlinear acoustoelastic effects due to colinear wave mixing.

This paper investigates a new method to evaluate dynamic stress in plate or shell-like components due to propagation of elastic waves. The proposed method is based on collinear mixing of the stress wave with a high frequency (probe) wave, which is excited in the ultrasonic frequency range. The wave interactions generate linear and nonlinear responses such as the changes of the group velocity of the probe wave and generation of higher-order harmonics, respectively.

Poisoning mechanism of potassium and calcium on a Mn-based quasi-MOF de-NO catalyst.

Despite extensive research on alkali resistance of denitrification (de-NO) catalysts, the synergistic poisoning mechanism of alkali and alkaline-earth metals on de-NO catalysts, particularly Mn-based catalysts, remains unresolved. This study investigates the co-poisoning effects of K and Ca on the de-NO activity of Mn-based quasi-MOF (Metal Organic Framework) catalysts, specifically TEOS&Mn-BTC (a catalyst previously designed by our team, TEOS and BTC represent tetraethyl orthosilicate and trimesic acid, respectively). We found that the coexistence of K and Ca elevates the d-band center, which improves the electron mobility ability of the catalyst, thus enhancing the electron transfer between Mn and O in the Si-O-Mn electron-metal-carrier coordination structure, which further promotes the occurrence of acid and redox circulations while strengthening the electron-metal-carrier interaction.

Context dependent role of miR-486 promoting neuroregeneration of primary sensory neurons downstream of interleukin-6 signal transducer.

The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) via its IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST/gp130) plays an important role in neuronal survival, neuro-regeneration, and pathological pain. While its critical importance in the nervous system is well established, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) as critical regulators of biological processes in health and disease are not sufficiently understood. We identified miR-486-5p as the single significantly deregulated miRNA in sensory neurons with a conditional depletion of gp130.

Thermostable unit solid dose formulations for subcutaneous administration of DNA vaccines.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for thermostable vaccines to ensure equitable distribution and accessibility, particularly in regions lacking cold chain infrastructure. Here we present a thermostable, solid dose DNA vaccine (SDV) platform for subcutaneous delivery, based on a sugar-sugar alcohol-polymer formulation manufactured via lyophilization and compaction. Using luciferase-expressing plasmid as a model, we demonstrate that subcutaneous vaccination with SDV formulation of C57BL/6 mice results in efficient and durable transgene expression .

Cardiovascular Disease as a Predictor of Dementia: A Cross-National Ecological Study of 204 Countries.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia represent two of the most pressing global health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While vascular pathology is increasingly recognized as a contributor to cognitive decline, few studies have systematically explored the global association between CVD and dementia using standardized, population-level data. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CVD and dementia incidence across 204 countries, stratified by economic status, development level, and geographic region.

ASSIST in Pitjantjatjara: Protocol for a randomised crossover validation study among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Background: Substance use significantly contributes to disease burden among Australians, with harms exacerbated among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by colonisation-related factors like stigma and trauma. Addressing this gap requires culturally acceptable, valid and reliable screening tools, available in a familiar language to the participant, to identify and provide support for those at-risk. This protocol describes a study aimed at validating a culturally-adapted screening tool - the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) - into Pitjantjatjara, to detect risk of substance-related harm.

Item-based Parsing of Dynamic Scenes in a Combined Attentional Tracking and Working Memory Task.

Human visual processing is limited-we can only track a few moving objects at a time and store a few items in visual working memory (WM). A shared mechanism that may underlie these performance limits is how the visual system parses a scene into representational units. In the present study, we explored whether multiple-object tracking (MOT) and WM rely on a common item-based indexing mechanism.

Unveiling the spatiotemporal dynamics and sectoral nexus of urban carbon metabolism: Insights from community-level analysis.

Urban communities are fundamental units in addressing carbon mitigation, yet the patterns of carbon metabolism remain largely unexplored due to limited data and less-integrated methods. This study unveils the carbon metabolism dynamics of a Chinese mixed-function community from 2013 to 2022 by integrating bottom-up carbon accounting, spatiotemporal analysis, and ecological network analysis (ENA). We investigate carbon stocks and flows, sectoral characteristics, and intersectoral interactions at a refined spatial level in the 1.