Time of administering return to sport testing following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review.

Objective: Recent evidence supports greater risk of reinjury with earlier return-to-sport. As early return-to-sport testing may promote clearance during times of elevated reinjury risk, the purpose of this study was to identify when return-to-sport testing is administered following ACL reconstruction.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted of studies where functional tests were administered post-ACL reconstruction to inform return-to-sport decisions.

Complexity of brain-like signals in self-organised nanoscale networks.

The biological brain is comprised of a complex, interconnected, self-assembled network of neurons and synapses. This network enables efficient and accurate information processing, unsurpassed by any other known computational system. Percolating networks of nanoparticles (PNNs) are complex, interconnected, self-assembled systems that exhibit many emergent brain-like characteristics.

Developing Community-Informed Communication Resources to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Tonga.

Introduction: Despite high coverage of routine childhood vaccines, uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the Pacific Island nation of Tonga has been slow. Culturally appropriate communication resources on the importance, safety, and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine are critical to support acceptance and uptake. To develop these resources, it is important to understand what people want to know.

Optimising Guide RNA Production for Multiplexed Cas9-Targeted Nanopore Sequencing to Detect Pathogens.

In agriculture, biosecurity, and human health, the rapid and accurate detection of pathogens and pests is crucial. Our study investigates the sensitivity and practicality of six guide RNA (gRNA) production methods for use in Nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS), focusing on their implications for multiplexed pathogen and pest detection. Each production method generated a library of eight gRNAs capable of excising ~ 1.

Physical Activity and Exercise Patterns of Submariners in Land and Sea Environments.

Introduction: Submarine environments pose unique challenges to maintaining physical activity and exercise routines due to confined spaces, demanding schedules, and limited resources. This study investigated submariners' physical activity patterns, sleep quality, and perceived exercise barriers in both land- and sea-based settings, with the goal of informing targeted health interventions.

Materials And Methods: Ethics approval was granted by the Defence Science and Technology Group and Edith Cowan University review panels.

Valid measures of cognitive assessment with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are urgently needed: construct and concurrent validity of the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform Assessment (PRPP-A).

Purpose: Initial studies identified the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform Assessment (PRPP-A) as a cognitive assessment with potential for culturally safe use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with neurocognitive impairments in the Northern Territory of Australia. This study examines construct and concurrent validity of the PRPP-A.

Methods: Data were collected from a medical record review.

Psychotropic pharmacogenetics in adult populations: From basic science to clinical trials and health economics - An evidence-based overview for decision makers.

Psychotropic pharmacogenetics (PGx) offers significant potential advancements in psychiatric care by optimising medication selection and dosing based on genetic factors. This perspective article highlights the clinical utility, health economic implications and implementation challenges of psychotropic PGx, proposing that its broader implementation could enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Landmark studies show that PGx-guided care results in fewer adverse drug reactions and improved medication efficacy, with substantial cost savings compared to traditional prescribing methods.

Global Consensus Statement on the Management of Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background & Aims: Pregnancy can be a complex and risk-filled event for women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). High-quality studies in this population are lacking, with limited data on medications approved to treat IBD during pregnancy. For patients, limited knowledge surrounding pregnancy impacts pregnancy rates, medication adherence, and outcomes.

Socioeconomic differences in the cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention for obesity prevention in early childhood.

Objectives: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention providing telephone and short message service (SMS) support to mothers of children aged 2-4 years by socioeconomic position (SEP).

Methods: A model-based SEP-specific economic evaluation of the intervention was conducted. SEP-specific intervention costs and effects at age 5 years were derived from the trial data and applied to a cohort of 4- to 5-year-old Australian children.

Virtual reality-enhanced exergames for weight control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Obesity is an important public health issue. Virtual reality provides an opportunity to increase benefits of traditional exercise programs with more immersive, interactive, and enjoyable experiences for weight control.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of virtual reality-enhanced exergames for obesity-related outcomes, including body weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference.

Uses of the ICECAP measure of capability in adults with neurological health conditions: a scoping review.

Purpose: The purpose was to identify how the ICECAP-A and ICECAP-O have been used with adults who have neurological health conditions.

Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, a scoping review was conducted, searching five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO). Studies were included if participants were adults (age 18+ years) with neurological health conditions, and ICECAP-A or ICECAP-O were used in the study.

Consortium profile: the methylation, imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) consortium.

Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, show potential as biological markers and mechanisms underlying gene-environment interplay in the prediction of mental health and other brain-based phenotypes. However, little is known about how peripheral epigenetic patterns relate to individual differences in the brain itself. An increasingly popular approach to address this is by combining epigenetic and neuroimaging data; yet, research in this area is almost entirely comprised of cross-sectional studies in adults.

Optimising parent selection in plant breeding: comparing metaheuristic algorithms for genotype building.

Stacking desirable haplotypes across the genome to develop superior genotypes has been implemented in several crop species. A major challenge in Optimal Haplotype Selection is identifying a set of parents that collectively contain all desirable haplotypes, a complex combinatorial problem with countless possibilities. In this study, we evaluated the performance of metaheuristic search algorithms (MSAs)-genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) for optimising parent selection under two genotype building (GB) objectives: Optimal Haplotype Selection (OHS) and Optimal Population Value (OPV).

Chronic kidney disease and incident cancer risk: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Studies examining the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cancer risk have demonstrated conflicting results.

Methods: This was an individual participant data meta-analysis including 54 international cohorts contributing to the CKD Prognosis Consortium. Included cohorts had data on albuminuria [urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), overall and site-specific cancer incidence, and established risk factors for cancer.

Association of preoperative nocturnal hypoxaemia nadir and fentanyl ventilatory sensitivity in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing general anaesthesia: multicentre clinical cohort study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been thought to increase the risk of respiratory depression from opioids. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative hypoxaemia by sleep study pulse oximetry imparts greater opioid sensitivity.

Methods: A multicentre observational cohort study with in-cohort dose randomisation was performed in children 2-8 yr of age with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Established and Emerging Therapies for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Harnessing the Benefits of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Beyond.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term that is increasingly used to describe interconnected conditions that lead to poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Historically, there have been very few targeted pharmacotherapies available that have changed cardiovascular outcomes for people with CKM syndromes; however, over the past decade, new pharmacologic options have rapidly expanded, with strong evidence for cardiovascular and kidney protective benefits in CKM conditions. Of note, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have emerged as key therapeutic options and are now widely guideline-endorsed.

Multi-segment models for kinetic analysis of women during pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: During pregnancy, significant physiological, morphological, and hormonal changes profoundly affect women's biomechanics, increasing the risk of falls and musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the third trimester. To understand movement adaptations and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnant women, kinetic analysis using pregnant-specific multi-segment or musculoskeletal models is essential. This review aims to evaluate the development, applications and limitations of such models intended for kinetic analysis in pregnancy.

Osteoarthritis year in review 2025: Epidemiology and Therapy.

Aim: To summarise key epidemiological and therapeutic research on osteoarthritis (OA) published between April 2024 and March 2025.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the MEDLINE database, focusing on English-language studies involving human participants published between April 1, 2024 and March 31, 2025. Eligible studies included observational longitudinal studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and phase II-IV randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining OA treatment and epidemiology.

Prospective Evaluation of Patient Priorities in HPV-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer Using the Chicago Priorities Scale: Considerations for Future Clinical Trial Design.

Purpose: This study examined head and neck cancer treatment outcome priorities in patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) before and 12 months (12m) after (chemo)radiotherapy ([C]RT).

Methods And Materials: Eligible patients were diagnosed with HPVOPC suitable for curative-intent primary [C]RT. Study data included responses to a modified version of the Chicago Priorities Scale (CPS-modified) and select items from the MDASI Head and Neck Cancer Module (MDASI-HN).

Effects of aperiodic neural activity on sleep-based emotional memory consolidation across the lifespan.

Sleep neurophysiology undergoes significant changes across the lifespan, which coincide with age-related differences in memory, particularly for emotional information. However, the mechanisms that underlie these effects remain poorly understood. One potential mechanism is the aperiodic component, which reflects "neural noise", differs across age, and is predictive of perceptual and cognitive processes.