Development and Adaptive Function in Individuals With -Related Disorders.

Background And Objectives: Developmental impairment is common in individuals with -related disorders, although descriptions are limited. We aimed to determine trajectories and outcomes of development and adaptive function.

Methods: This was a mixed retrospective cross-sectional study of individuals from an international Natural History Study, who had neurologic/neurodevelopmental disorders due to an variant.

The behavioral and social drivers of HPV vaccination among parents and young people in Indonesia: a scoping review.

Purpose: The Indonesian Government launched the national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in August 2023, reaching 90% coverage for both doses. This scoping review explored the behavioral and social drivers of HPV vaccination among parents and young people in Indonesia.

Methods: We searched four databases for primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies in English or Bahasa Indonesia assessing behavioral and social drivers of HPV vaccination in Indonesia.

"The only vaccine that we really question is the new vaccine": A qualitative exploration of the social and behavioural drivers of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Tonga.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is crucial for cervical cancer elimination, particularly in the Pacific where screening and treatment are limited. The HPV vaccine was introduced through schools in Tonga in November 2022 for adolescent girls. Despite high routine childhood vaccine coverage in Tonga, uptake of the HPV vaccine has been slow.

Acceptability of an asymptomatic COVID-19 screening program for schools in Victoria, Australia: a qualitative study with caregivers from priority populations.

Background: An asymptomatic COVID-19 rapid antigen testing (RAT) screening program was implemented in Victorian schools in January 2022, to support keeping schools open throughout the pandemic. This study explored compliance with the program among caregivers from priority populations in Victorian mainstream and specialist schools.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews between 7-31 March 2022 with caregivers of school-aged children participating in the RAT program in Victoria.

International Care programs for Pediatric Post-COVID Condition (Long COVID) and the way forward.

Background: Pediatric Post-COVID-Condition (PPCC) clinics treat children despite limited scientific substantiation. By exploring real-life management of children diagnosed with PPCC, the International Post-COVID-Condition in Children Collaboration (IP4C) aimed to provide guidance for future PPCC care.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional international, multicenter study on used PPCC definitions; the organization of PPCC care programs and patients characteristics.

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination of migrant populations: A qualitative interview study of immunisation providers in Victoria, Australia.

Introduction: This study aimed to understand barriers and enablers, future strategies, communication approaches and resources needed for COVID-19 vaccination among migrant communities in Melbourne, Australia.

Material And Methods: We interviewed 24 immunisation providers who deliver immunisation services to migrant populations in Melbourne. We used the WHO Behavioural and Social Drivers framework (underlined) to organise barriers and enablers to COVID-19 vaccination.

A novel anterior nasal swab to detect respiratory viruses: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.

Detection of respiratory viruses requires testing of the upper respiratory tract to obtain specimens for analysis. However, nasal and throat swabs can cause discomfort and procedural anxiety in children. Respiratory sampling methods which are accurate and less invasive are needed.

Vaccine Champions Training Program: Empowering Community Leaders to Advocate for COVID-19 Vaccines.

Strong community engagement has been critical to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Australia and elsewhere. Community engagement builds trust, enables tailored information dissemination and shapes social norms. Engagement is particularly important in communities with greater vaccine hesitancy, lower health literacy and mistrust in authorities.

Complications of Influenza A or B Virus Infection in Individuals With -Positive Dravet Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: To determine the frequency and spectrum of complications of influenza infection in individuals with -positive Dravet syndrome (-DS).

Methods: Individuals with -DS were identified in neurologists' care at 2 hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, with additional searches of EEG databases, the Victorian PAEDS FluCan influenza database, and the University of Melbourne Epilepsy Genetics Research Program database. Medical records were searched and families questioned to identify individuals who had an influenza infection; reported infections were confirmed by pathology report.

Catch-up immunisation for migrant children in Melbourne: A qualitative study with providers to determine key challenges.

Background: Current models of immunisation service delivery in Australia are not meeting the needs of migrant children, who experience a higher burden of vaccine preventable disease and lower immunisation rates compared to non-migrant children. Understanding the experiences of immunisation providers is critical for designing effective and tailored interventions to improve this service. This study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to providers delivering a comprehensive catch-up immunisation service to migrant children in Melbourne, Australia.

Elevated Cardiac Troponin to Detect Acute Cellular Rejection After Cardiac Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cardiac troponin is well known as a highly specific marker of cardiomyocyte damage, and has significant diagnostic accuracy in many cardiac conditions. However, the value of elevated recipient troponin in diagnosing adverse outcomes in heart transplant recipients is uncertain. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library from inception until December 2020.

Functional correlates of clinical phenotype and severity in recurrent SCN2A variants.

In SCN2A-related disorders, there is an urgent demand to establish efficient methods for determining the gain- (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) character of variants, to identify suitable candidates for precision therapies. Here we classify clinical phenotypes of 179 individuals with 38 recurrent SCN2A variants as early-infantile or later-onset epilepsy, or intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder (ID/ASD) and assess the functional impact of 13 variants using dynamic action potential clamp (DAPC) and voltage clamp. Results show that 36/38 variants are associated with only one phenotypic group (30 early-infantile, 5 later-onset, 1 ID/ASD).

A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19.

Background: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic in comparison with adults, however severe disease occurs in a subset of children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterised.

Methods: We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis.

Comparison of Seroconversion in Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19.

Importance: The immune response in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well understood.

Objective: To compare seroconversion in nonhospitalized children and adults with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify factors that are associated with seroconversion.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This household cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection collected weekly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs and blood samples during the acute (median, 7 days for children and 12 days for adults [IQR, 4-13] days) and convalescent (median, 41 [IQR, 31-49] days) periods after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis for analysis.

Prognostic Significance of Elevated Troponin in Adult Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Cardiac troponin is a highly specific biomarker of myocardial injury that is of prognostic significance in a range of cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic value of elevated troponin in cardiac transplant recipients is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of elevated cardiac troponin in predicting adverse recipient outcomes following heart transplant.

Donor Cardiac Troponin for Prognosis of Adverse Outcomes in Cardiac Transplantation Recipients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac troponin is a highly specific and widely available marker of myocardial injury, and elevations in cardiac transplant donors may influence donor selection. We aimed to investigate whether elevated donor troponin has a role as a prognostic biomarker in cardiac transplantation.

Methods: In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, without language restriction, from inception to December 2020.

Children and Adults in a Household Cohort Study Have Robust Longitudinal Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Exposure.

Children have reduced severity of COVID-19 compared to adults and typically have mild or asymptomatic disease. The immunological mechanisms underlying these age-related differences in clinical outcomes remain unexplained. Here, we quantify 23 immune cell populations in 141 samples from children and adults with mild COVID-19 and their PCR-negative close household contacts at acute and convalescent time points.

Characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Victorian children at a tertiary paediatric hospital.

Aim: Victoria experienced two 'waves' of COVID-19 between March and September 2020 and more cases than any other jurisdiction in Australia. Although world-wide reports of COVID-19 reflect that children are less likely to experience severe disease compared with adults, hospitalisations and deaths have been reported. We report testing and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Melbourne.