Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress.

While there is a growing body of literature examining platform dependence and its implications for mental health, much of the research has focused on gig workers with small sample sizes. The lack of large-scale quantitative research, particularly using longitudinal representative data, limits a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between platform dependence and mental distress. This study uses nationally representative data from the UK and fixed effects models to explore the heterogeneity of gig work, specifically examining differences in mental distress between high-dependence workers (those solely engaged in gig work) and low-dependence workers (those also employed in other jobs).

Ambivalent Agents: The Social Mobility Industry and Civil Society Under Neoliberalism in England.

This article examines civil society organisations working to enhance social mobility in England, especially through higher education. Against the backdrop of neoliberal governance, we investigate whether these organisations operate as protective counter-movements resisting marketisation or as institutional mechanisms that stabilise the inequalities they aim to address. Drawing on Karl Polanyi's concept of the 'double movement' and Nancy Fraser's critique of marketised social protections, we map and analyse over 100 charities and non-profits established since 1992.

Using Policy Learning to Inform Health Insurance Targeting: A Case Study of Indonesia.

This paper demonstrates how optimal policy learning can inform the targeted allocation of Indonesia's two subsidized health insurance programmes. Using national survey data, we develop policy rules aimed at minimizing "catastrophic health expenditure" among enrollees of APBD or APBN, the two government-funded schemes. Employing a super learner ensemble approach, we use regression and machine learning methods of varying complexity to estimate conditional average treatment effects and construct policy rules to optimize program benefits, both with and without budget constraints.

Impact of Mode of Arrival to Hospital on Early Mortality in Adults With Penetrating Trauma: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Narrative Synthesis.

Background: Penetrating injury is a time-critical disease where early definitive treatment is lifesaving. Although most patients with penetrating trauma reach the emergency department (ED) via emergency medical services (EMS), self-presentation or transport with police are also common. This review synthesizes the available evidence in adult penetrating trauma to evaluate if the mode of transport to hospital impacts early mortality.

Body mass index and tuberculosis risk: an updated systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Background: The relationship between nutritional status and tuberculosis is critically important but poorly understood. We extended a 2009 review characterizing the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis risk.

Methods: We systematically searched for new studies published between 2009 and 2024 investigating BMI and tuberculosis risk in adults.

Exploring the Upper Limits of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A STARSHIP Analysis.

Background: Low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) has previously been identified as a key prognostic marker after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebrovascular autoregulation supports stabilization of cerebral blood flow within the autoregulation range. Beyond the upper limit of this range, cerebral blood flow increases with increasing CPP, leading to increased risk of intracranial hypertension and blood-brain barrier disruptions.

Word length vs. lexical factors: Re-examining what causes the word-length effect in serial recognition.

The word-length effect refers to the finding that memory on many short-term/working memory tasks is better for words with fewer syllables than words with more syllables. The standard account attributes this result to a combination of decay offset by rehearsal: More short words can be rehearsed because they take less time to articulate. However, most studies have confounded length with lexical and other long-term memory factors that covary with length.

Highlights from the Manifesto on the Health Economics of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the health and economic burden of disease globally. In this paper we discuss the literature on the health economics of the prevention and early intervention in CVD. We reveal the large economic impact of CVD and provide the economic argument supporting the calls for early detection and diagnosis of CVD outlined in the Global Heart Hub's patient-led Manifesto for Change.

The 2024 UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has updated the revised UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. This guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management.

Introduction: The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013, 2017 and 2021.

Cardioplegic Machine Perfusion of Hearts Donated after Circulatory Death.

We compared the effects of ex-vivo machine perfusion (EVMP) of hearts donated after circulatory death (DCD) with the single-shot solutions HTK-N and Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) on left-ventricular (LV) contractility and myocardial microcirculation. In a DCD pig model, hearts were maintained by EVMP with hypothermic, oxygenated HTK-N (DCD-HTK-N; N = 8) or DNC (DCD-DNC; N = 8) followed by reperfusion with blood, including assessment of contractility and microcirculation with Laser-Doppler-Flow (LDF). We performed transcriptomics using microarrays.

Selection of the Extremes - Male Junior and Adult Ice Hockey Success in relation to Relative Age and its Interaction with Biological Maturation.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the relative age effect (RAE) and success in ice hockey during adolescence and adulthood in male Swedish players, as well as potential interactions between relative age (RA) and biological maturation.

Methods: Anthropometric data were collected from high schools with a certified ice hockey programme over 20 years. Birth dates were extracted from public databases to calculate numerical relative age (n = 2211 players).

Enhancing healthspan with Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): a comprehensive review of its multifaceted geroprotective benefits.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a revered herb in Ayurvedic medicine, has gained significant scientific recognition for its potential to promote healthy aging. Traditionally used as a Rasayana or rejuvenator, this potent adaptogen helps the body manage stress and enhance vitality. This review synthesises extensive evidence for its multifaceted anti-aging capabilities, which target key hallmarks of the aging process.

Deriving Optimal Treatment Timing for Adaptive Therapy: Matching the Model to the Tumor Dynamics.

Adaptive therapy (AT) protocols have been introduced to combat drug resistance in cancer, and are characterized by breaks from maximum tolerated dose treatment (the current standard of care in most clinical settings). These breaks are scheduled to maintain tolerably high levels of tumor burden, employing competitive suppression of treatment-resistant sub-populations by treatment-sensitive sub-populations. AT has been integrated into several ongoing or planned clinical trials, including treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and BRAF-mutant melanoma, with initial clinical results suggesting that it can offer significant extensions in the time to progression over the standard of care.

Response to salivary gland botulinum toxin injection does not predict success from surgery for sialorrhoea (drooling) in children with neurodisability.

Unlabelled: Drooling is a common problem in children with neurodisability, and refractory cases may require surgery. Our aim was to assess whether a child's response to salivary botulinum toxin injections would predict success or failure from subsequent surgical intervention. Retrospective case note review of all children undergoing drooling surgery between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2023 at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow.

Resistance to CDK7 inhibitors directed by acquired mutation of a conserved residue in cancer cells.

CDK7 has emerged as a cancer target because of its pivotal roles in cell cycle progression and transcription. Several CDK7 inhibitors (CDK7i) are now in clinical evaluation. Identifying patients most likely to respond to treatment and early detection of tumour evolution towards resistance are necessary for optimal implementation of cancer therapies.

Improving applications of a design-comparable effect size in single-case designs.

g is a design-comparable effect size that has been recommended by the What Works Clearinghouse since 2020 to assess an intervention effect in single-case studies and for meta-analyses. Yet, no research has systematically studied how g's performance could be impacted by its non-convergence, and how g's non-convergence and performance could be improved by increasing the case size (m) and measurement size (N). This study expanded on the work of Pustejovsky et al.

Scvi-hub: an actionable repository for model-driven single-cell analysis.

The growing availability of single-cell omics datasets presents new opportunities for reuse, while challenges in data transfer, normalization and integration remain a barrier. Here we present scvi-hub: a platform for efficiently sharing and accessing single-cell omics datasets using pretrained probabilistic models. It enables immediate execution of fundamental tasks like visualization, imputation, annotation and deconvolution on new query datasets using state-of-the-art methods, with massively reduced storage and compute requirements.

Evaluation of posture in four different robotic surgical systems.

Background: While many ergonomic challenges traditionally faced in open and laparoscopic surgery have been overcome by robotic surgery, new challenges have been created. This study aims to identify and compare the ergonomic characteristics of a variety of robotic systems to ultimately lay the foundation for ergonomic guidelines.

Methods: Measurements evaluating the surgeon and their interaction with the new technology were applied in either a laboratory or a real-life setting.

Prediction of oncogene mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a special focus on artificial intelligence-based methods.

Objectives: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), non-invasive alternatives to biopsy-dependent driver mutation analysis are needed. We reviewed the effectiveness of radiomics alone or with clinical data and assessed the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models in predicting oncogene mutation status.

Materials And Methods: A PRISMA-compliant literature review for studies predicting oncogene mutation status in NSCLC patients using radiomics was conducted by a multidisciplinary team.

Neural correlates of peripartum depression: a systematic review, meta-analysis and comparison to major depressive disorder.

Background: Peripartum depression (PPD) is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) that begins during the peripartum period and poses a significant mental health challenge affecting 10 to 29% of women.

Objective: This systematic review and multimodal activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis explored the distinct structural, functional, and metabolic features of the PPD brain as compared to female non-peripartum MDD.

Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases to identify peer-reviewed original studies investigating the neural correlates associated with PPD or fMDD.

The DNA replication machinery transmits dual signals to prevent unscheduled licensing and execution of centrosome duplication.

Copy number control of DNA and centrosomes is essential for accurate genetic inheritance. DNA replication and centrosome duplication have been recognized as parallel key events for cell division. Here, we discover that the DNA replication machinery directly regulates the licensing and execution processes of centrosome duplication to prevent centrosome amplification.

Ocular involvement in West Nile virus infection: a multimodal imaging study.

Objectives: To characterise the chorioretinal (CR) manifestations of West Nile virus (WNV) infection using multimodal imaging (MMI).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 37 patients with confirmed WNV infection hospitalised at a single centre (July-September 2024). All underwent comprehensive ophthalmological evaluations, including visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and multimodal imaging: fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography when clinically indicated.