Trust perception in Syrian refugee children.

Trust judgments involve rapidly evaluating others' appearance and are critical in psychosocial development. Trust biases may be linked to psychopathology risk, particularly in vulnerable, adversity-affected populations, but very little is known about trust perception in refugee context. Here, we measured trust perception of Syrian refugee children ( = 324, = 6.

Using Confidence Distributions in Final and Interim Analyses for Single-Arm Studies or Platform Trials Consisting of Single-Arm Studies.

Confidence distributions are a frequentist alternative to the Bayesian posterior distribution. These confidence distributions have received more attention in the recent past because of their simplicity. In rare diseases, oncology, or in pediatric drug development, single-arm trials, or platform trials consisting of a series of single-arm trials are increasingly being used, both to establish proof-of-concept and to provide pivotal evidence for a marketing application.

Pharmacist Peer-Led Teaching Enhances Medical Undergraduate Prescribing: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Prescribing is a high-stakes clinical task where newly qualified doctors frequently report low confidence, with national data highlighting persistent error rates. Medical schools face logistical and staffing barriers in delivering high-quality, simulation-based prescribing education. Peer-led, interprofessional teaching, particularly by pharmacists, may offer a scalable solution in this context.

Clinical perspectives on prurigo nodularis: diagnostic challenges and novel treatment options.

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic skin inflammatory condition characterized by severe, persistent itching and excoriated nodules induced by scratching. PN is strongly related to neural and immune dysfunction and negatively impacts quality of life. Treatments for PN are often off-label, highlighting the need for specifically approved agents and consensus guidelines for patient management.

European Myeloma Network Consensus Statement on Functional High-Risk Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable blood cancer characterized by clonal bone marrow plasmacytosis, hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and osteolytic bone disease. Approximately 20% of NDMM patients, not predicted to have high-risk disease at diagnosis, progress early, despite optimal induction +/- ASCT and lenalidomide maintenance, and are subsequently categorized as functional high-risk (FHR) disease. Standardized risk-stratification models incorporate biomarkers of tumor burden, existence of high-risk cytogenetics, with the presence/absence of plasma cell leukemia/extramedullary disease to attribute high-risk at diagnosis; however, depth/duration of response to novel agent-based induction (NA-IND) as dynamic markers of disease risk have not been defined.

Digitally delivered treatment for unusual sensory experiences for people with psychosis: a real-world service evaluation study.

Background: Hallucinations and other unusual sensory experiences (USE) are common in people with psychosis. Yet access to effective psychological therapies remains limited. We evaluated if we can increase access to psychological therapy by using a brief treatment, focused only on understanding and dealing with hallucinations (Managing Unusual Sensory Experiences; MUSE), delivered by a less trained but more widely available workforce that harnessed the benefits (engaging content, standardisation) afforded by digital technology.

Living in an intermedial world: intermediality as a methodology of historical inquiry to uncover the social dimension of science communication.

Audiences for science in the media live and operate, as agents who endow science with social and cultural meanings, in an intermedial world. Following cultural tracers through time and across media, and attending to a key actors' category, intermediality, historians of the public culture of science can access the social dimension of the mediation of science. Adopting an intermedial approach allows us to attune the historiography of the public culture of science to the evolution of science communication scholarship over the past three decades, and understand the role of audiences in the production of cultural meanings about science.

Psychiatrists, public mental health and sustainability: understanding the overlap and taking action.

Aims And Method: Through examining three areas of focus within public mental health; prevention, healthy environments and reducing inequalities, we consider how interventions in these domains also have the potential to create a more sustainable healthcare system.

Results: We show how psychiatrists and mental health professionals alongside the wider health and social care system can be involved in advocating for this change.

Clinical Implications: We aim to empower individuals working within mental health to advocate for change and consider how public mental health approaches can be integrated into their practice to improve outcomes.

Understanding measles infection and how to improve uptake of the MMR vaccine.

Measles is a highly infectious, notifiable, viral disease that is commonly contracted in childhood and associated with a characteristic rash. Most children and young people who contract measles make a full recovery, but measles infection is associated with rare but serious complications in vulnerable groups, such young infants, immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles infection, but uptake of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the UK has fallen short of the vaccine coverage required to provide herd immunity and prevent measles outbreaks.

Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: the critical interplay between inflammation and expression.

Since its use during the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA has emerged as a leading candidate vaccine platform for pandemic infections. A critical difference between RNA-encoded antigen and protein vaccines is that RNA-based vaccines require the antigen to be translated in the body, adding an important variable. Much of the research focus in the field has been on ways to increase expression, but inflammation plays a critical role.

Controlling the Regioselectivity of Topochemical Reduction Reactions Through Sequential Anion Insertion and Extraction.

Topochemical reduction of the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper oxide, LaSrCoRuO, yields LaSrCoRuO, a phase containing (Co/Ru)O squares which share corners to form 1D infinite double-chains. In contrast, fluorination of LaSrCoRuO yields the oxyfluoride LaSrCoRuOF, which can then be reduced to form LaSrCoRuOF. This reduced oxyfluoride is almost isoelectronic with LaSrCoRuO, but LaSrCoRuOF has a crystal structure in which the (Co/Ru)O squares are connected into 2D infinite sheets.

Multicompartment Darcy Flow Model With Patient-Specific Parameterization: Effect of Heterogeneity and Anisotropy in Porous Parameters.

Blood perfusion in cardiac tissues involves intricate interactions among vascular networks and tissue mechanics. Perfusion deficit is one of the leading causes of cardiac diseases, and modeling certain cardiac conditions that are clinically infeasible, invasive, or costly can provide valuable supplementary insights to aid clinicians. However, existing homogeneous perfusion models lack the complexity required for patient-specific simulations.

BMI-dependent prognostic role of EEF1G in breast cancer: A 15-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Breast Cancer Cohort Study.

Objective: Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma (EEF1G) has emerged as a potential prognostic marker in various malignancies. Yet, its association with breast cancer (BC) prognosis, particularly in the context of body mass index (BMI) status, remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic value and role of EEF1G in BC across different BMI categories.

Exploration of a mentalization-based treatment introductory group in an Irish community mental health service.

Objectives: Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) has promising transdiagnostic applications. The evidence base for its application in non-specialist settings, including general adult community mental health services requires further evaluation. This study explores the implementation of an MBT introductory (MBTi) group in an Irish secondary mental health service.

UK recommendations for chimerism testing and monitoring following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Best practice consensus guidelines from the British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies (BSBMTCT), NHS England Genomic Laboratory Hub (GLH) Haematological Malignancies Working Group, UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG) and the UK National External Quality Assessment Service for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping (UK NEQAS LI).

In allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), important clinical decisions depend upon assessment of chimerism, including immunosuppressant dosing and donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI), which in turn can have major impacts on disease control, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immunity and ultimately patient survival. There is a complex range of clinical and laboratory procedural considerations including methodology of testing, types of cell subset selection, frequency of testing, urgency of turnaround times (TATs), interplay with measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring and duration of testing post-transplant. These aspects are routinely adapted according to disease indication, patient characteristics, donor source and intensity of transplant technique.

Guidelines from the expert advisory committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) on patient consent and shared decision-making for blood transfusion.

Evidence from national audits of practice indicates that the provision of information to patients about transfusion and the taking of consent to transfusion have not improved in recent years. Although the final report of the Infected Blood Inquiry did not make a specific recommendation about consent to transfusion, it emphasised the need for cultural change, the importance of openness and giving patients a voice. The purpose of these updated Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) guidelines is to enhance the provision of information to patients about blood transfusion, ensure an effective process for obtaining patients' consent and support shared decision-making.

The effects of contextual bias on face recognition decisions.

Contemporary research has demonstrated the effects of bias on, even expert, forensic decision making. The paper aimed to test if forensically relevant face recognition decisions could be influenced by biasing information. A 3 (Bias (within-subjects): positive bias vs.

Short-Term Outcomes Following Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation With Portico or Navitor Valves: The Barts Heart Center Experience.

Background: Degeneration of surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves is increasingly common. Redo surgical aortic valve replacement carries substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in elderly or high-risk patients. Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an established alternative, though data on the performance of self-expanding Portico and Navitor valves remain limited.

Uncovering Relationships between the Electronic Self-Energy and Coupled-Cluster Doubles Theory.

We derive the coupled-cluster doubles (CCD) amplitude equations by introduction of the particle-hole-time decoupled electronic self-energy. The resulting analysis leads to an expression for the ground-state correlation energy that is exactly of the form obtained in coupled-cluster doubles theory. We demonstrate the relationship to the ionization potential/electron affinity equation-of-motion coupled-cluster doubles (IP/EA-EOM-CCD) eigenvalue problem by coupling the reverse-time self-energy contributions while maintaining particle-hole separability.

H2A.Z-nucleosomes are stabilized by the superhelicity-dependent DNA binding of the C-terminal tail of the histone variant.

Using an in situ nucleosome stability assay based on salt extraction, we identified distinct stability features of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes linked to alternative interactions of the histone variant's C-terminal tail (Imre et al., Nat.

Contextual factors influencing neuro-affirming practice: Identifying what helps or hinders implementation in health and social care.

There has been limited research to date into contextual factors hindering or supporting the successful implementation of neuro-affirming practice in support for Autistic and otherwise neurodivergent adults. We used a Realist Evaluation approach to explore key contexts affecting neuro-affirming practice. A preliminary programme theory of key aspects of support was developed.

Drone observations reveal white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) dorsal fins are highly flexible and possible investigatory structures.

Drones are becoming increasingly useful in their ability to observe wildlife. They have been especially useful in documenting marine animals such as sharks. Here we present novel aerial drone observations of a previously unknown dorsal-fin behaviour in white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias).

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of the Organic Photoredox Catalyst DDQ.

The electron-deficient oxidant 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) has recently emerged as a promising visible-light photoredox catalyst. However, its excited-state behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited DDQ in acetonitrile using transient electronic and infrared absorption spectroscopy, supported by quantum chemical calculations.