Optimising Guide RNA Production for Multiplexed Cas9-Targeted Nanopore Sequencing to Detect Pathogens.

In agriculture, biosecurity, and human health, the rapid and accurate detection of pathogens and pests is crucial. Our study investigates the sensitivity and practicality of six guide RNA (gRNA) production methods for use in Nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS), focusing on their implications for multiplexed pathogen and pest detection. Each production method generated a library of eight gRNAs capable of excising ~ 1.

Genomics insight on passion fruit viral disease complexity.

Passion fruit viral diseases pose a significant threat to Kenya's passion fruit industry. To unravel the complexity of these diseases, comprehensive virus surveys were conducted across major passion fruit-growing counties. Passion fruit woodiness disease symptoms, like fruit hardening, chlorotic mottling, and leaf distortion, were prevalent.

Eucalyptus grandis MYB-Like and RAN-Like Zinc Finger Proteins Display Dual Roles in Regulating Plant Immunity and Symbiosis Pathways.

Plant roots live in constant contact with diverse microbes in the soil. Plant fitness, therefore, relies on signaling pathways that mount an effective immune response against pathogens while fostering mutualistic symbioses. Plant pathways, and specifically immune genes that may act as "switches," discriminating between pathogenic or mutualistic fungi, remain largely unknown.

The estimation of consumer scores for lamb longissimus lumborum muscle juiciness using pressed juice percentage values.

This study investigated the effects of replication (r) on the pressed juice percentage (PJP) variation of lamb meat and the relationship between PJP and consumer sensory scores for juiciness, tenderness, flavour, and overall liking. Samples were collected from the right longissimus lumborum muscle of 50 lamb carcasses and analysed for PJP as well as eating quality scored by 64 untrained participants of consumer sensory panels. It was found that there was a 19.

Elevated CO mediates ectomycorrhizal fungi species-specific decreases of native soil carbon and causes negative priming under low nutrients.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) can influence soil carbon (C) accrual and loss. The mechanisms and environmental controls of this balance are unclear, and direct evidence is needed. We assessed the influence of atmospheric CO and inorganic nitrogen (N) on the impact of two ECM fungi on the cycling of native and new soil C.

Bifenazate as compatible acaricide for biocontrol agent Transeius montdorensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

Background: Integrated pest management strategies often include the use of pesticides that have minimal impact on biological control agents. The predatory mite Transeius montdorensis is a valuable agent for controlling whiteflies, thrips and spider mites, but its tolerance to commonly used pesticides is not well understood. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis of pesticide tolerance in Transeius montdorensis.

Pulmonary lesions associated with the presence of adiaspores apparently produced by a novel genotype in wombats.

Australia is home to bare-nosed, northern hairy-nosed and southern hairy-nosed wombats. Adiaspores have been noted in the lungs of all 3 species and severe pneumonia has been characterized in 2 northern hairy-nosed wombats associated with intralesional adiaspores produced by a novel species. Similar organisms have been observed in the lungs of bare-nosed and southern hairy-nosed wombats.

A contemporary map of Fasciola hepatica distribution in sheep and cattle in New South Wales.

Fasciola hepatica is a global threat to livestock production, human health, and food security. Infection causes significant reductions in milk production and quality, feed conversion efficiency, wool quality, and reproductive performance. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, data on the distribution of F.

Application of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Early Detection of Serovar Enteritidis on Poultry Farms During an Outbreak in New South Wales, Australia (2018-2020).

spp. are a significant cause of human foodborne illness globally, with ingestion of contaminated eggs a major vehicle for infection. serovar Enteritidis (.

A Standardised Method to Quantify the Infectious Titre of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus.

Quantifying the infectious titre of preparations containing rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is an essential virological technique during RHDV research. The infectious titre of an RHDV preparation is determined using a bioassay to identify the endpoint dilution at which 50% of rabbits become infected (RID). Previous publications have briefly described the method for estimating the infectious titre of RHDV preparations by challenging rabbits with 10-fold serial dilutions.

Can Acute Neurological Disease Cause Cardiomyopathy in Horses?

In human medicine, neurological diseases have been associated with transient cardiac abnormalities. In horses, myocardial disease is rarely diagnosed and has been associated with a wide variety of causes. The aim of this article is to describe three horses with no previous cardiac disease, which all developed severe cardiomyopathy following neurological disease.

A comparison of feeding acetylated high-amylose maize starch and zinc oxide in weaned pigs experimentally inoculated with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli.

Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) remains a major problem for some pork producers, exacerbated by restrictions or bans on the use of antimicrobial compounds. Acetylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSA) delivers acetate to the large bowel and may reduce the severity of enteric infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Vibrio harveyi plasmids as drivers of virulence in barramundi (Lates calcarifer).

Vibrio species are an emerging public and animal health risk in marine environments and the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Vibrio harveyi is a major disease risk for tropical aquaculture. Current understanding of virulence in V. harveyi is limited by strain-specific variability and complex host-pathogen dynamics.

Detection of the unique sugars virenose and dihydrohydroxystreptose from Coxiella burnetii using alditol acetylation and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy.

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii causes Q-Fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. This work presents a robust, sensitive and selective method for the identification of two unique sugars found in the lipopolysaccharide of C. burnetii.

Combined remediation effect of ryegrass-earthworm on heavy metal composite contaminated soil.

Combining plants and soil organisms offers an effective strategy for managing heavy metal contamination. A pot experiment was conducted by using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under five levels of heavy metal contamination, applied individually and in combination.

Genomic diversity and tracing of in Australia: implications for American foulbrood outbreak surveillance in low-diversity populations.

is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees () and a devastating pathogen for honey and pollination industries worldwide. Despite this threat, a genomic survey of has not been attempted within Australia. To examine the diversity of Australian populations, we sequenced 368 .

Elucidating long non-coding RNA networks in tomato plants in response to Funneliformis mosseae colonization and cucumber mosaic virus infection.

Tomato plants face biotic challenges like infections by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a member of the Cucumovirus genus in the Bromoviridae family, as well as beneficial interactions, such as colonization by the symbiotic fungus Funneliformis mosseae, which belongs to the Glomeraceae family. While this symbiosis boosts nutrient uptake and stress tolerance, viral infections can reduce yield and quality. Understanding how tomatoes manage these interactions is vital for enhancing crop productivity.

Brucella suis in feral pigs in Australia: what is the risk?

In Australia, feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are the primary host for Brucella suis. The incidence of B. suis brucellosis in dogs in Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW) has increased, likely due to hunting and consumption of feral pig meat.

Symbiotic Effectiveness, Rhizosphere Competence and Nodule Occupancy of Chickpea Root Nodule Bacteria from Soils in Kununurra Western Australia and Narrabri New South Wales Australia.

Root nodule bacterial isolates from field-grown chickpea were evaluated in glasshouse and field experiments based on infectivity, relative symbiotic effectiveness, nodule occupancy, plant yield and survivability in the soil rhizosphere for their use as inoculants to enhance chickpea production in Western Australia. Compared to the Australian commercial chickpea inoculant strain CC1192, 10 new strains were 'fast' growers, averaging 72 h to grow in culture at 28 °C. The relative symbiotic effectiveness (RSE%) of the new strains in field experiments determined by shoot weight ranged from 77 to 111% in the Desi genotype (var.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov.: three members of group 1 .

Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, and stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic isolates were analysed as part of a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy of our culture collection and improve Australia's biosecurity preparedness. Three isolates were collected from , initially identified as sp.

Effect of Phenylbutazone Administration on Insulin Sensitivity in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation.

Background: Phenylbutazone is prescribed to manage pain caused by hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis. Phenylbutazone reduces glucose and insulin concentrations in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID) but the underlying mechanism of action is unknown.

Hypothesis/objectives: Investigate the effect of phenylbutazone on tissue insulin sensitivity in horses.

Rare urban-acquired human leptospirosis and environmental health investigation in Sydney, Australia.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by exposure to excreted into the environment by rodents or other mammals. A notification of a case of leptospirosis in an adult male with no history of travel or exposure to livestock or rodents triggered an environmental health investigation of his workplace, a local golf course. We hypothesised that a water splash in the eye from a creek running through the golf course, which occurred after a period of heavy rainfall, had led to exposure, likely on the basis of contamination of the creek water by rodent urine.

Integrating spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations to elucidate the adsorption efficiency and mechanisms of Cd, Pb, and Cu using novel carboxymethyl cellulose/pectin-based hydrogel beads.

Herein, a series of novel carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/pectin-based hydrogel beads were synthesized with chitosan as a cross-linker. The hydrogel composites were denoted as CPC-1/2/3/4/5, with varying mass ratios of CMC, pectin, and chitosan (6:0:1, 5:1:1, 4:2:1, 3:3:1, and 2:4:1). This is a pioneering study that investigates the synergistic effects of these biopolymers in a single hydrogel system for the adsorption of heavy metals, specifically Cd, Pb, and Cu.

Genome-Wide Association Study Elucidates the Genetic Architecture of Manganese Tolerance in Brassica napus.

Brassica napus (canola) is a significant contributor to the world's oil production and is cultivated across continents, yet acidic soils with aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) toxicities limit its production. The genetic determinants underlying natural variation for acidic soil tolerance in canola are unknown and need to be determined. Through genome-wide association analysis of 326 canola accessions, we identified three QTLs for tolerance to Mn toxicity on chromosomes A09, C03, and C09.

Virulence determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with septicaemia outbreaks in neonatal pigs.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in pigs causing pneumonia, mastitis and diarrhoea, but can also cause mortalities due to septicaemia and meningitis in previously healthy piglets. This study aimed to identify virulence genes present in K. pneumoniae that caused outbreaks of septicaemia in neonatal pigs.