Multi-segment models for kinetic analysis of women during pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: During pregnancy, significant physiological, morphological, and hormonal changes profoundly affect women's biomechanics, increasing the risk of falls and musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the third trimester. To understand movement adaptations and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnant women, kinetic analysis using pregnant-specific multi-segment or musculoskeletal models is essential. This review aims to evaluate the development, applications and limitations of such models intended for kinetic analysis in pregnancy.

Clozapine-associated perturbation of arachidonic acid metabolism: A future direction for clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity.

Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic medication utilised for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, clinical use of clozapine is limited due to the risk of cardiotoxicities, including clozapine-induced myocarditis. Oxidation of clozapine and reduction of clozapine-N-oxide can be catalysed by the cardio-selective cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2J2, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which are also reported to metabolise arachidonic acid.

Young-onset dementia: Investigating timelines of admission to aged residential care and health outcomes.

ObjectivesThere is limited research on entry to aged residential care (ARC) in people living with young-onset dementia (YOD). Most people with YOD eventually require ARC, often in facilities designed for older adults. This study aimed to investigate the time to ARC admission in a previously identified YOD cohort and their health outcomes before and after ARC admission.

Beyond supergenes: the diverse roles of inversions in trait evolution.

Chromosomal inversions are ubiquitous across the Tree of Life, with genome-wide studies revealing a bias toward smaller inversions, yet research has disproportionately focused on large, supergene-like inversions linked to discrete phenotypes. This limits our understanding of inversions' roles in trait evolution, as their size affects their potential functional impact. Investigation of smaller inversions and multi-inversion genotypes is crucial to elucidate their role in shaping continuous traits and evolutionary adaptation.

Danicamtiv increases cardiac mechanical efficiency.

Danicamtiv is a recently developed cardiac-specific myosin activator that directly increases actomyosin interaction and, thereby, increases force. It is currently studied pre-clinically and has entered clinical trials. In this study, we provide the first assessment of its effects on cardiac energetics.

Metabolic responses to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives during a high training load period.

Background: Despite growing interest in women's physiology in exercise sciences, the understanding of female athletes' energy metabolism remains limited. This study aimed to analyze substrate oxidation in response to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives, and to determine the influence of the estradiol-to-progesterone ratio fluctuations on energy metabolism.

Methods: Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates (resting, low-intensity walking exercise (4 km/h), and postprandial conditions; indirect calorimetry) were assessed among 32 athletes (23±3 years) during a high-training load period, in athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives (nine and 23, respectively).

An exploratory analysis of the tinnitus magnitude equation (TMe). An adaptation level theory based measure of tinnitus therapy outcome.

Background: In this study we undertook an exploratory analysis of a new method for quantifying change in perceived intensity of tinnitus: the tinnitus magnitude equation (TMe). The TMe is based on Adaptation Level Theory (ALT) and is the difference between the product of Tinnitus Function Index (TFI) questions asking tinnitus loudness, awareness, and annoyance (intrusiveness scale) before and after therapy.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of anonymized data.

Neurodegenerative Diseases in Male Former First-Class New Zealand Rugby Players.

Background: Growing concern surrounds the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in high-level collision sports, but research on Rugby Union's connection to these diseases is limited.

Objective: This study sought to examine the long-term neurodegenerative disease risk associated with participation in high-level Rugby Union ('rugby'), utilising whole-population administrative records.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study in New Zealand compared males born between 1920 and 1984 who were active in high-level (provincial or higher) rugby between 1950 and 2000 (n = 12,861) with males from the general population (n = 2,394,300), matched by age, ethnicity, and birthplace.

Emerging lipid nanoparticle systems capable of efficient intramuscular RNA delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) enable RNA delivery, primarily via intramuscular (IM) injection, catalyzing breakthroughs like the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. LNPs encapsulate RNA, using ionizable lipids for endosomal escape and PEG-lipids for stability. IM administration leverages muscle tissue's immune-rich environment, enabling localized antigen production, reduced systemic toxicity, and scalability.

Assessment of synergy-assisted EMG-driven NMSK model for upper limb muscle activation prediction in cross-country sit-skiing double poling.

Introduction: Cross-country sit-skiers are often individuals with spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, or lower limb disabilities, relying heavily on upper limb strength to generate propulsion during skiing. However, frequent shoulder joint movements significantly increase the incidence of shoulder joint disorders. Therefore, quantifying muscle forces during movement is crucial for understanding upper limb force generation patterns.

Alarming Rise of Obesity: The 4 United Nations High-Level Meeting on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Should Advance Action to Tackle Obesity.

Obesity is a growing global crisis increasing the risk and outcomes of a range of noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, steatotic liver disease, and kidney disease.Obesity in children tracks into adulthood increasing their risk of noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases.A growing body of evidence confirms that there are affordable and scalable policies to promote a healthy diet and regular physical activity to prevent overweight and obesity including in children and adolescents.

hosting Phytophthora pluvialis RNA virus 1 shows morphological changes and hypervirulence to needles.

Phytophthora species infect a wide range of plants causing major economic and ecosystem impacts. , causal pathogen of red needle cast (RNC) disease of , hosts Phytophthora pluvialis RNA virus 1 (PplRV1). All tested isolates contained PplRV1.

International Trends in Opioid Prescribing by Age and Sex from 2001 to 2019: An Observational Study Using Population-Based Databases from 18 Countries and One Special Administrative Region.

Objective: To characterize multinational trends and patterns of opioid analgesic prescribing by sex and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We studied opioid analgesic prescribing from 2001 to 2019 with common protocol using population-based databases from eighteen countries and one special administrative region.

Main Outcome Measures: We measured opioid prescribing by geographical region, sex and age, estimating annual prevalent, incident, and nonincident opioid prescribing per 100 population with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and meta-analyzed the multinational and regional opioid prescribing with a random-effects model.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Approach for Emergency Repair of Groin Hernias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although open repair has historically been the preferred approach over laparoscopic repair for acutely strangulated and incarcerated groin hernias, the laparoscopic approach is gaining popularity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the safety and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic and open groin hernia repair in the emergency setting.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles comparing clinical outcomes between laparoscopic and open emergency groin hernia repair in adult patients.

The Lifetime Risk of Incisional Hernia Following Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is a known complication of open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAAAR), with reported rates ranging from 5.6% to 69%. Few studies have examined the long-term risk of IH.

Mouth-to-mouth, pocket mask, or i-gel® resuscitation on a moving rescue boat: How do different ventilation methods affect CPR? A pilot study.

Background: The use of Inflatable Rescue Boats (IRBs) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in aquatic environments presents unique challenges due to their inherent instability and technical limitations. Despite the critical role of effective ventilation in cardiac arrest, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding optimal strategies to achieve this on IRBs.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of three ventilation methods-Mouth-to-Mouth (MM), Pocket Mask (PM), and i-gel® supraglottic airway device (IG)-in initiating CPR on a moving IRB.

Biofunctional Pharmaceutical Additives for Targeted, Improved Bioavailability and Safety of Medicine.

For many decades, conventional pharmaceutical excipients have been used to optimize the palatability, processing ability, flowability, and compressibility of various types of medication throughout the production process [...

In Vitro Robotic Chewing Studies of Food Texture Changes During Mastication.

The aim of this study was to investigate food texture changes during mastication using a robotic chewing system. Roasted peanuts and white bread were used as representative food samples to explore how different chewing behaviors affect textural transformations. Initially, the number of cycles required to chew each food sample for swallowing was recorded through in vivo experiments.

A Versatile and Bioinspired Hierarchical Nanoflower Coating for Enhanced Photodriven Antimicrobial Efficacy against Foodborne Pathogens.

Contamination by pathogenic microbes frequently occurs on the surfaces of solid materials, posing serious threats to food safety and human health. To mitigate the spread of pathogens and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for nanostructured surface modification materials that offer high bactericidal efficiency without relying on conventional antimicrobial agents or antibiotics. In this study, we report a green and facile approach for fabricating antimicrobial nanoflower (PDA-Cu NFs) coatings on solid substrates, including polystyrene, glass, and stainless steel via one-step biomimetic mineralization.

Kinetic Characterization of -Dependent Sugar-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from .

-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (FGD) catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PG). Recent phylogenetic analyses have identified a new subclass of these enzymes, -dependent sugar-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (FSDs), which act on a broader range of 6-phosphate sugars, including fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). One such enzyme from (-FGD) was characterized by using binding assays and kinetic analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry.

Evaluating Indigenous health workforce development interventions for Māori and Indigenous Pacific tertiary students: success at Waipapa Taumata Rau | The University of Auckland (2016-2023).

Aim: We aimed to quantitatively evaluate educational performance of Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme (MAPAS) interventions at Waipapa Taumata Rau | The University of Auckland (UoA) from 2016 to 2023.

Method: We measured the performance of student cohorts studying in MAPAS foundation and bachelor's degree programmes using standard Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) indicators. We compared MAPAS results with all Māori and Pacific student cohorts studying equivalent-level courses at UoA in the same period.