Evolutionary Distribution Changes of Sichuan Golden Monkeys () in the Quaternary.

Retrospective reconstruction of animals' evolutionary development and geographic changes in recent history, as well as monitoring contemporary conservation status, are critical to amending existing conservation strategies. This study presents an innovative effort, as demonstrated by the Sichuan golden monkeys () in China. We studied their fossil distribution patterns during the Pleistocene, explored historical distribution changes over the last 400 years, and surveyed 27 nature reserves where they dwell.

A Versatile and Bioinspired Hierarchical Nanoflower Coating for Enhanced Photodriven Antimicrobial Efficacy against Foodborne Pathogens.

Contamination by pathogenic microbes frequently occurs on the surfaces of solid materials, posing serious threats to food safety and human health. To mitigate the spread of pathogens and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for nanostructured surface modification materials that offer high bactericidal efficiency without relying on conventional antimicrobial agents or antibiotics. In this study, we report a green and facile approach for fabricating antimicrobial nanoflower (PDA-Cu NFs) coatings on solid substrates, including polystyrene, glass, and stainless steel via one-step biomimetic mineralization.

Nicotine Reprograms Aging-Related Metabolism and Protects Against Motor Decline in Mice.

The effects of nicotine on aging-related motor and cognitive decline remain controversial due to limited empirical evidence. Here, mice are permitted to orally consume nicotine over a 22-month period and observed attenuated motor decline without pathological alterations in major metabolism-related peripheral organs or immune system dysfunction. Multi-organ metabolomic profiling and network analysis of aged mice (24 months old) identified nicotine-responsive pathways related to glycolipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

Epilobieae genomes and the evolution of Myrtales.

Unlabelled: The order Myrtales, one of the most species-rich lineage within the Superrosidae clade, with the majority of its species distributed across five families: Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae, and Combretaceae. Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Myrtales, its phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, with previous studies yielding inconsistent results based on gene fragments and plastid genomes. Genomic data, particularly single-copy/low-copy nuclear genes, provide valuable insights for resolving these phylogenetic relationships.

Association of Birthweight Discordance with Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Live-Born Twins: A Multi-Center Study in China.

Background: Twin pregnancies, accounting for a rising proportion of births globally, present significant public health challenges in China. Birthweight discordance (BWD), a critical complication, remains understudied in its epidemiological context, particularly regarding its population-level associations with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods: This multi-center, retrospective cohort study leveraged data from 21 hospitals across 18 Chinese cities (2018-2020) to assess BWD and its epidemiological implications.

Impacts of Behavioral Compliance on Weight-Loss and Metabolic Profile in a Smartphone App-Based Lifestyle Intervention or Plus Dietitian Supporting: A Randomized and Controlled Trial Among Chinese.

Unlabelled: Mobile health technologies provided innovative solutions for lifestyle interventions and offered reliable methods to evaluate behavioral phenotypes during such interventions. To systematically quantify the impacts of behavioral compliance on weight-loss and metabolic profiles during lifestyle intervention, a total of 395 Chinese adults with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m) or central obesity (waistline ≥ 90 cm for men or ≥ 80 cm for women) were randomly assigned to a smartphone app-based arm (SAA, n = 197) or smartphone app plus dietitian arm (SADA, n = 198) for 6 months. Compliance scores (0-5) were determined based on fulfilling five behavioral tasks: completing online courses, wearing a smart band, and recording weight, food intake, and blood pressure.

Application of deep learning for multi-scale behavioral analysis in SNCA E46K Parkinson's disease drosophila.

is widely used as a model organism in Parkinson's disease research. However, due to the complexity of motion capture and the challenges of quantitatively assessing spontaneous behavior in , it remains technically difficult to identify symptoms of Parkinson's disease within based on objective spontaneous behavioral characteristics. Here, we present an automated multi-scale behavioral phenotyping pipeline that classifies phenotypes related to Parkinson's disease using motion features extracted from pose estimation data of wild-type and Synuclein Alpha E46K mutant .

Rigid Framework-Constrained Membranes: A Key to Long-Life Polysulfide/Polyiodide Redox Flow Batteries.

The emerging polysulfide/polyiodide redox flow batteries (PSIBs) attract much attention owing to their high capacity and low cost. However, severe polysulfide/polyiodide crossover and insufficient cycle life caused by membrane swelling impede their large-scale applications. Herein, we constructed a rigid framework-constrained membrane, where rigid carbonylated polymer of intrinsic microporosity (cPIM-1) chains were introduced to bind the movement of the flexible perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer chain.

Mechanistic insights into volatile odor changes in surimi gels with typical cross-linking degrees during frozen storage based on lipidomics analysis.

This study investigated the potential mechanisms underlying odor changes in surimi gel during frozen storage, focusing on lipid alterations. Frozen storage significantly impacted the odor characteristics of surimi gel, with a noticeable decline in fish aroma and an intensification of fishy, oily, and earthy odors after 90 days of freezing. Using liquid nitrogen spray freezing at -80 °C and increasing the cross-linking degree to 62.

Association of VEGFA Gene Polymorphisms with the Susceptibility of Coronary Heart Disease in the Chinese Han Population.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiovascular' condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with a significant genetic component. The VEGFA gene plays a crucial role in the development of CHD. This study aims to evaluate the influence of VEGFA gene polymorphisms on CHD susceptibility.

Emerging Porous Conductive Ion-Selective Membranes for Sustainable Energy Devices.

Porous conductive ion-selective membranes (PCIMs), as key components of sustainable energy devices, have attracted widespread research interest owing to their unique pore structures and properties for achieving low-resistance high-ion-selectivity transport. However, the fabrication of high-efficiency PCIMs remains challenging, and the intricate relationship between the structural properties of PCIMs and its pivotal influence on the performance of energy devices is not well explored. This review focuses on emerging PCIMs with sub-nano/nanometer pores, particularly their design strategies, and fabrication processes.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Scheduling in Distributed Networked Control.

We consider a joint uplink and downlink scheduling problem of a fully distributed wireless networked control system (WNCS) with a limited number of frequency channels. Using elements of stochastic systems theory, we derive a sufficient stability condition of the WNCS, which is stated in terms of both the control and communication system parameters. Once the condition is satisfied, there exists a stationary and deterministic scheduling policy that can stabilize all plants of the WNCS.

Neural circuit underlying individual differences in visual escape habituation.

Emotions like fear help organisms respond to threats. Repeated predator exposure leads to adaptive responses with unclear neural mechanisms behind individual variability. We identify two escape behaviors in mice-persistent escape (T1) and rapid habituation (T2)-linked to unique arousal states under repetitive looming stimuli.

A Bifunctional Shear-Thickened Composite Electrolyte Toward High-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are limited in practical applications due to safety issues resulting from uncontrolled dendrite growth and mechanical abuse. Herein, a bifunctional gel shear-thickened electrolyte (STE) is developed to simultaneously prevent lithium dendrite growth and improve impact protection by dispersing hydroxyl-rich fumed silica in a conventional liquid electrolyte (LE). STE in Li||Cu cells enabled a lower overpotential for Li deposition compared to that using LE.

Defect-Rich MOFs (MIL-88A) for High-Performance PEO-Based Composite Solid Electrolytes.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with active sites have been proposed as advanced fillers for fabricating PEO-based composite solid electrolytes. However, there is a great need for the design and synthesis of MOFs with more active sites to further increase the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. Herein, rich defect sites are constructed via acid etching to scale up the active sites of MOFs (MIL-88A).

Combining enzymatic biofuel cells with supercapacitors to self-charging hybrid devices.

Enzymatic biofuel cells are energy conversion devices utilizing biocatalysts to directly convert chemical energy to electricity. Due to their biocompatible, sustainable and maintenance-free properties, they hold the promise as attractive energy sources for powering next generation medical electronics for personalized healthcare. Low current and power output are main bottlenecks of enzymatic biofuel cells to hinder their practical applications.

Real-Time Observation of Ultrafast Concerted Dynamics between Energy and Chirality Transfer by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Circular Polarization Luminescence Spectroscopy.

Elucidating the underlying mechanism of effective chirality and energy transfer processes observed in biological assemblies has cross-disciplinary significance, and it is of special interest in the fields of chemistry and biology due to the pivotal role of chirality in life. Challenges in the field include how to achieve real-time monitoring of the chirality and energy transfer dynamics simultaneously, as well as how to distinguish whether these processes take place in the ground or excited state. Herein, we achieve the first attempt at real-time observation of the concerted ultrafast dynamics between the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the generation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the excited state in near-infrared CPL supramolecular nanofibers (SNFs) by using femtosecond time-resolved circularly polarized luminescence (fs-TRCPL) spectroscopy.

Guaranteeing Performance Robust Control for Human-Machine Systems With Optimal Human Decision.

Human-machine systems (HMSs) are dedicated to integrating intelligent human decisions with machine operations to achieve synergistic operational functionality. We focus on constraint-following control within the HMS, considering potential uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and limited operational space. A hierarchical hybrid control scheme is proposed, consisting of a preemption algorithm and a human decision algorithm.

Hierarchical behavioral analysis framework as a platform for standardized quantitative identification of behaviors.

Behavior is composed of modules that operate based on inherent logic. Understanding behavior and its neural mechanisms is facilitated by clear structural behavioral analysis. Here, we developed a hierarchical behavioral analysis framework (HBAF) that efficiently reveals the organizational logic of these modules by analyzing high-dimensional behavioral data.

Recent Progress of Halide Redox Mediators in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries: Functions, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) have received much research interest owing to their ultra-high energy density, but their further development is restricted by the erosion of the Li anode, the degradation of the electrolyte, and especially the sluggish oxygen-involving reactions on the cathode. To facilitate the oxidation of discharge products, halide redox mediators (HRMs), a subclass of soluble additives, have been explored to promote their decomposition. Meanwhile, some other intriguing functions were discovered, like protecting the Li anode and redirecting the discharge pathway to form LiOH.

Angiogenesis during diabetic wound repair: from mechanism to therapy opportunity.

Diabetes mellitus, a pervasive chronic metabolic disorder, is often associated with complications such as impaired wound healing. Various factors, most notably vascular deficiency, govern the wound repair process in diabetic patients, significantly impeding diabetic wound healing; therefore, angiogenesis and its role in diabetic wound repair have emerged as important areas of research. This review aims to delve into the mechanisms of angiogenesis, the effects of diabetes on angiogenesis, and the association between angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair.

Reticular Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks with kgd-v Topology and Trirhombic Pores.

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with designable pore structures can be synthesized under the guidance of topology diagrams. Among the five existing edge-transitive topological nets, topology is considered a fine candidate for constructing COFs with ultramicropores. However, all of the reported COFs with topology need the use of -symmetric monomers, which are limited in compound type and difficult to synthesize.

Boosting the Hydrogen Evolution Activity of a Low-Coordinated Co─N─C Catalyst via Vacancy Defect-Mediated Alteration of the Intermediate Adsorption Configuration.

The cobalt-nitrogen-carbon (Co─N─C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising alternatives to precious metals for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and their activity is highly dependent on the coordination environments of the metal centers. Herein, a NaHCO etching strategy is developed to introduce abundant in-plane pores within the carbon substrates that further enable the construction of low-coordinated and asymmetric Co─N sites with nearby vacancy defects in a Co─N─C catalyst. This catalyst exhibits a high HER activity with an overpotential (η) of merely 78 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm, a Tafel slope of 45.