Assessment of Myocardial Injury Size Metrics Using Carotid Pressure Waveform: Proof-of-Concept in Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Rat Model.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide and the most common precursor to heart failure, even after initial treatment. Precise evaluation of myocardial injury is crucial for assessing interventions and improving outcomes. Extensive evidence from both preclinical models and clinical studies demonstrates that the extent and severity of myocardial injury (i.

Acute isolation is associated with increased reward seeking and reward learning in human adolescents.

Social connection, a basic human need, is vital during adolescence. How a lack of connection impacts adolescent behaviour is unclear. To address this question, we employed experimental short-term isolation with and without access to virtual social interactions (iso total; iso with media; order counterbalanced, both compared to a separate baseline session).

Tracking subtle seasonal shifts in pigment composition with hyperspectral reflectance in a temperate evergreen forest.

Pigment dynamics in temperate evergreen forests remain poorly characterized, despite their year-round photosynthetic activity and importance for carbon cycling. Developing rapid, nondestructive methods to estimate pigment composition enables high-throughput assessment of plant acclimation states. In this study, we investigate the seasonality of eight chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments and hyperspectral reflectance data collected at both the needle (400-2400 nm) and canopy (420-850 nm) scales in Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) at the Ordway Swisher Biological Station in north-central Florida, USA.

Distinct Microbial Communities Within and On Seep Carbonates Support Long-term Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane and Divergent pMMO Diversity.

At methane seeps worldwide, syntrophic anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria promote carbonate precipitation and rock formation, acting as methane and carbon sinks. Although maintenance of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) within seep carbonates has been documented, its reactivation upon methane exposure remains uncertain. Surface-associated microbes may metabolize sulfide from AOM, maintain carbonate anoxia, contribute to carbonate dissolution, and support higher trophic levels; however, these communities are poorly described.

EPR and P ENDOR Characterization of Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Dynamics and N Activation in Functional Nitrogenase Models, PM(N) (M = Fe, Co; E = Si, B, C).

The nominally trigonal, pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT)-active, = 1/2 N-bound complexes, , M = Fe, Co, with three in-plane phosphine ligands and axial donors, E = Si, B, C, include functional nitrogenase models that catalyze the reduction of N to NH. We applied EPR, P ENDOR spectroscopy, and DFT computations to characterize the PJT-induced distortions of four selected , revealing how the metal ion and axial ligand E together tune both PJT dynamics, as revealed by P ENDOR and N activation, as indicated by a decrease in N≡N stretching frequency, ν(N≡N). , and each exhibit a single P isotropic hyperfine coupling, revealing dynamic pseudorotation of the PJT distortion, producing averaged symmetry with equivalent phosphine ligands.

Targeting YES1 enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and Onco-immunotherapy.

YES1 (Yamaguchi sarcoma virus homolog 1), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the SRC family (SFK), has been abnormally amplified or mutated in several types of solid tumors. The alteration of YES1 impacted multiple biological processes, including promoting tumor progression and metastasis, especially, producing cancer therapy resistance via bypass pathways. Thus, YES1 can serve as a druggable target to overcome drug resistance and suppress tumor growth.

Improving cosmological reach of a gravitational wave observatory using Deep Loop Shaping.

Improved low-frequency sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories would unlock study of intermediate-mass black hole mergers and binary black hole eccentricity and provide early warnings for multimessenger observations of binary neutron star mergers. Today's mirror stabilization control injects harmful noise, constituting a major obstacle to sensitivity improvements. We eliminated this noise through Deep Loop Shaping, a reinforcement learning method using frequency domain rewards.

Mutant alleles enable a D-glutamate auxotroph to grow with lower requirements for exogenous D-glutamate.

D-glu is a key component of peptidoglycan (PG) and is essential for growth in most bacteria. To assess constraints on PG evolution and bacterial requirements for D-glu, we sought to artificially evolve PG biosynthesis, leading to either replacement of D-glu in the PG peptide or alternative pathways to D-glu incorporation. We previously found that suppression of D-glu auxotrophy in a mutant of grown on lysogeny broth salts (LBS) medium was rare but could be accomplished by mutation of , with restoration of wild-type PG structure.

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges.

The Psyche Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer.

A Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) instrument has been developed as part of the science payload for NASA's Discovery Program Psyche mission to the M-class asteroid (16) Psyche. The GRNS instrument is designed to measure the elemental composition of Psyche with the goal to understand the origin of this mysterious, potentially metal-rich planetary body. The GRNS will measure the near-surface abundances for the elements Ni, Fe, Si, K, S, Al, and Ca, as well as the spatial distribution of Psyche's metal-to-silicate fraction (or metal fraction).

Targeted genomic analysis of a predominant uncultured marine pelagiphage-host model via microfluidics and semipermeable capsule technology.

Microbes and their viruses drive central biogeochemical cycles on a global scale. Understanding the biology and ecology of virus-host interactions and their impact on ecosystems depends on our ability to develop tools that enable high-throughput screening of ecologically relevant, uncultured virus-host pairs. Viruses infecting Pelagibacterales, the predominant bacteria in surface oceans, have been studied through computational analyses and cultivation efforts.

Blue light stimulated-autofluorescence green flash of lysosome-related organelles in the intestinal cells of nematodes.

The lysosome-related organelles ("gut granules") in the intestinal cells of many nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans, play an important role in metabolic and signaling processes, but they have not been fully characterized. We report here a previously undescribed phenomenon in which the autofluorescence of these granules displays a "flash" phenomenon in which fluorescence decreases are preceded by sharp increases in fluorescence intensity that expand into the surrounding area when the granules are stimulated with blue light. Autofluorescent granules are present in the intestinal cells of all six nematode species examined, with differences in morphology and distribution pattern.

Silicate precursor silane detected in cold low-metallicity brown dwarf.

Within 20 pc of the Sun, there are currently 29 known cold brown dwarfs-sources with measured distances and an estimated effective temperature between that of Jupiter (170 K) and approximately 500 K (ref. ). These sources are almost all isolated and are the closest laboratories we have for detailed atmospheric studies of giant planets formed outside the Solar System.

Supervised learning in DNA neural networks.

Learning enables biological organisms to begin life simple yet develop immensely diverse and complex behaviours. Understanding learning principles in engineered molecular systems could enable us to endow non-living physical systems with similar capabilities. Inspired by how the brain processes information, the principles of neural computation have been developed over the past 80 years, forming the foundation of modern machine learning.

A circuit that integrates drive state and social contact to gate mating.

Internal motive states, such as sexual arousal, drive behaviour in response to social cues. However, little is known about how internal states and external cues are integrated to release appropriate behaviours at the correct moment during a social interaction, such as the transition from the appetitive to the consummatory phases of mating. Here we identify a neural circuit in male mice that gates the onset of consummatory reproductive behaviours on contact with a mating partner.

Total alkalinity measurements in small samples: methods based on CO equilibration and spectrophotometric pH.

Background: Total alkalinity (A) is a fundamental parameter in understanding the oceanic cycling of carbon dioxide (CO). Measurements of the A of natural waters are typically obtained through single- or multi-step titrations using a strong acid, with the endpoint pH determined via potentiometry or spectrophotometry. Conventional A determinations are labor-intensive and require precise knowledge of the sample's weight or volume.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly and gene annotation of the hydrothermal vent annelid Alvinella pompejana yield insight into animal evolution in extreme environments.

Background: The Pompeii worm Alvinella pompejana, a terebellid annelid, has long been an exemplar of a metazoan that lives in an extreme environment, on the chimney wall of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, but this very environment has made it difficult to study. Comprehensive assessment of Alvinella pompejana genome content, and the factors that could explain its ability to thrive in seemingly hostile conditions has been lacking.

Results: We report the chromosome-level genome sequence of Alvinella pompejana and population-level sequence variants.

Approximating the living.

Is a herd of wildebeest better thought of as a series of individual animals, each with its own glorious and unmanageable volition, or as a field of moving arrows? Are the morphogen gradients that set up the coordinate systems for embryonic anterior-posterior patterning a smooth and continuous concentration field or instead a chaotic collection of protein molecules each jiggling about in the haphazard way first described by Robert Brown in his microscopical observations of pollen? Is water, the great liquid ether of the living world, a collection of discrete molecules or instead a perfectly continuous medium with a density of ≈1000 kg/m? In this article, I will argue that these questions pose a false dichotomy since there are many different and powerful representations of the world around us. Different representations suit us differently at different times and it is often useful to be able to hold these seemingly contradictory notions in our heads simultaneously. Indeed, mathematics is not only the language of representation, but often is also the engine of reconciliation of such disparate views.

FAIR sharing of Chromatin Tracing datasets using the newly developed 4DN FISH Omics Format.

A key output of the NIH-Common Fund 4D Nucleome (4DN) project is the open publication of datasets related to the structure of the human cell nucleus and the genome. Recent years have seen a rapid expansion of multiplexed Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) or FISH-omics methods, which quantify the spatial organization of chromatin in single cells, sometimes together with RNA and protein measurements, and provide an expanded understanding of how 3D higher-order chromosome structure relates to transcriptional activity and cell development in both health and disease. Despite this progress, results from Chromatin Tracing FISH-omics experiments are difficult to share, reuse, and subject to third-party downstream analysis due to the lack of standard specifications for data exchange.

Covalent Drug Binding in Live Cells Monitored by Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy: Photoactive Yellow Protein as a Model System.

The detection of drug-target interactions in live cells enables analysis of therapeutic compounds in a native cellular environment. Recent advances in spectroscopy and molecular biology have facilitated the development of genetically encoded vibrational probes like nitriles that can sensitively report on molecular interactions. Nitriles are powerful tools for measuring electrostatic environments within condensed media like proteins, but such measurements in live cells have been hindered by low signal-to-noise ratios.

Bivalent mRNA booster encoding virus-like particles elicits potent polyclass RBD antibodies in pre-vaccinated mice.

mRNA vaccines emerged as a leading vaccine technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their sustained protective efficacies were limited by relatively short-lived antibody responses and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, necessitating frequent and variant-updated boosters. We recently developed the ESCRT- and ALIX-binding region (EABR) mRNA vaccine platform, which encodes engineered immunogens that induce budding of enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) from the plasma membrane, thereby resulting in presentation of immunogens on cell surfaces and eVLPs.

Emerging Photoacoustic Imaging Techniques for Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has emerged as a promising non-ionizing modality that leverages optical absorption contrast to provide both anatomical and functional insights into vascular health. This review examines recent advances in PAI technologies applied to the diagnosis, assessment, and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The goal is to evaluate how emerging PAI techniques address current diagnostic limitations and to identify opportunities for clinical integration.

Direct measurement of plume velocity to characterize point source emissions.

An explosion of recent research uses remote imaging spectroscopy from aircraft and spacecraft to detect and quantify methane point source emissions. These instruments first map the methane enhancement field and then combine this information with the effective wind speed to estimate the source emission rate. This wind speed is typically the largest uncertainty in derived emission rates.

Mechanism of Mesoscale Woodpile Development via Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Se-Te.

A combination of experiments and optical modeling provided insight into the mechanism of mesoscale woodpile formation in response to an orthogonal shift in polarization during photoelectrochemical deposition of Se-Te. Cathodic deposition of semiconducting Se-Te using spatially uniform, linearly polarized illumination produced arrays of lamellae that were aligned parallel to the optical E-field oscillation. Continued deposition in conjunction with an orthogonal shift in the polarization direction then produced aligned bridging features that spanned the void space between, and were orthogonal to, the preexisting lamellae.