Preparation of Cuvette-Based Sorters for Sorting Submicron Microbial Cells and Viruses from Environmental and Biological Samples.

This protocol set focuses on the preparation of the BD FACSAria II/III/Fusion, a cuvette-based cell sorting system commonly found in shared resource settings, to sort submicron samples, including but not limited to virus-like particles (VLPs) and bacteria. This is meant to serve as a proven workflow for staff in general shared resource laboratories (SRL) and individual labs. It is also useful for labs purchasing cuvette-based sorters with similar fluidic paths to the FACSAria Fusion from BD Biosciences, such as the BD FACSSymphony S6 and BD FACSDiscover S8, as well as for specialized SRLs that will need to move away from Influx and MoFlo platforms that are approaching end of life.

Continuous Biochemical Profiling of the Gastrointestinal Tract Using an Integrated Smart Capsule.

The gastrointestinal tract contains a wealth of chemical information that can be used to decipher the health of the digestive and nervous systems. Traditional methods of analysis, such as fecal analysis and biopsies, are invasive, costly, and incapable of providing real-time metabolic and hormone profiling across the gastrointestinal tract. Commercial ingestible capsule sensors have been developed, but only monitor basic markers, such as pH and pressure, neglecting detailed chemical analysis.

Enhanced Expression of the Female-Biased Gene Gsta2 in Male Proximal Tubule Cells Improves Renal Resilience to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Genetic sex is an important determinant of kidney injury and repair, with female kidneys typically exhibiting greater resilience to acute kidney injury (AKI). Among the sexually dimorphic genes in mouse proximal tubule cells, Gsta2, encoding an NRF2-regulated antioxidant enzyme, is strongly enriched in females. Here, we hypothesized that augmenting Gsta2 expression in male proximal tubule cells will enhance resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Core metamorphism controls the dynamic habitability of mid-sized ocean worlds-The case of Ceres.

Ceres's surface mineralogy and density structure indicate an aqueous past. Observations from the Dawn mission revealed that Ceres likely hosted a global subsurface ocean in its early history, which was the site of pervasive aqueous alteration of accreted material. Subsurface environmental constraints inferred from Ceres's surface mineralogy, combined with Ceres's high abundance of carbon, suggest that the dwarf planet may have been habitable for microbial life.

Porosity Modification in MOF Nanocarriers for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, particularly in cancer therapy. Introducing structural defects into MOFs significantly enhances their drug-loading capacity and release efficiency. This study explores porosity modification through defect-engineered MOF-808 nanocarriers, synthesized via a mixed-ligand strategy, to enhance the stability, pH-responsiveness, and drug delivery efficiency for cancer therapy.

Amazonian and Andean tree communities are not tracking current climate warming.

Climate change is shifting species distributions, leading to changes in community composition and novel species assemblages worldwide. However, the responses of tropical forests to climate change across large-scale environmental gradients remain largely unexplored. Using long-term data over 66,000 trees of more than 2,500 species occurring over 3,500 m elevation along the hyperdiverse Amazon-to-Andes elevational gradients in Peru and Bolivia, we assessed community-level shifts in species composition over a 40+ y time span.

Global Identification of Solid Waste Methane Super Emitters Using Hyperspectral Satellites.

Solid waste is the third largest source of anthropogenic methane, and mitigating emissions is crucial for addressing climate change. We combine three high-resolution (30-60 m) hyperspectral satellite imagers (EMIT, EnMAP, and PRISMA) to quantify emissions from 38 strongly emitting disposal sites across worldwide urban methane hotspots. The imagers give consistent emission estimates, with EMIT and EnMAP having better sensitivity than PRISMA.

Magnetic Double Helix.

Magnetic flux ropes, fundamental magnetohydrodynamic structures, often form braided helical configurations with net axial current, as observed in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. However, an equilibrium model for such structures has remained elusive. We present a first-principles derivation of the braided flux ropes equilibrium by capturing the force balance of current-carrying plasma strands.

Directional hand movement can be classified from insular cortex SEEG signals using recurrent neural networks and high-gamma band features.

Motor BCIs, with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, have shown promise in decoding neural signals for restoring motor function. Structures beyond motor cortex have provided additional sources for movement signals. New evidence points to the role of the insula in motor control, specifically directional hand-movements.

BioSoundSCape: A bioacoustic dataset for the Fynbos Biome.

Most biodiversity data are collected at fine spatial scales, but threats to species and ecosystems occur at broad spatial scales. Remote sensing allows broad-scale assessment of biodiversity but these data need to be ground-truthed with contemporaneous in situ datasets. Various faunal groups produce sounds or vocalizations which can then be related to remotely-sensed data.

A Data Science-Guided Approach for the Development of Nickel-Catalyzed Homo-Diels-Alder Reactions.

The Ni-catalyzed homo-Diels-Alder (hDA) reaction represents a convergent but under-investigated approach to preparing bridged bicyclic ring systems. Using the monophosphine descriptor library, Ni-catalyzed hDA reactions of acyclic and cyclic electron deficient olefins were investigated, and key ligand effects required for reactivity were identified using classification models. This analysis guided the discovery of the monophosphine ()-AntPhos as a chiral ligand for the enantioselective hDA of acyclic dienophiles.

Single-Molecule Vibrational Thermometry.

Molecular probes of temperature (termed "molecular thermometers") have become broadly used for temperature measurements. Here, we describe Boltzmann-edge vibrational thermometry (BET) detected by anti-Stokes fluorescence, where the relative population of vibrationally excited molecules acts as a calibration-free reporter of local temperature based on the Boltzmann distribution. We demonstrate that BET microscopy is readily compatible with biological samples and achieves single-molecule sensitivity.

Multi-sensor remote sensing captures geometry and slow-to-fast sliding transition of the 2017 Mud Creek landslide.

Landslides pose a significant hazard worldwide. Despite advances in landslide monitoring, predicting their size, timing, and location remains a major challenge. We revisit the 2017 Mud Creek landslide in California using radar interferometry, pixel tracking, and elevation change measurements from satellite and airborne radar, lidar, and optical data.

Diversity Deconstrains Component Limitations in Sensorimotor Control.

Human sensorimotor control is remarkably fast and accurate at the system level despite severe speed-accuracy trade-offs at the component level. The discrepancy between the contrasting speed-accuracy trade-offs at these two levels is a paradox. Meanwhile, speed accuracy trade-offs, heterogeneity, and layered architectures are ubiquitous in nerves, skeletons, and muscles, but they have only been studied in isolation using domain-specific models.

Year-Round Analysis of Multiphase Sulfate Production in Aerosol Particles in East Asia.

Missing sulfate production pathways have been implicated as the cause of model underestimates of sulfate during haze events in East Asia. We add multiphase oxidation of SO in aerosol particles by HO, O, NO, HCHO, and O, catalyzed by transition metal ions (TMIs), to the GEOS-Chem model and evaluate the model with (1) year-round ground-based observations in Seoul, South Korea, (2) airborne observations from the KORUS-AQ field campaign, and (3) fall and winter ground-based observations in Beijing, China. Multiphase chemistry contributes 14% to 90% to total sulfate production depending on the location and season and increases model daily average sulfate by 2 to 3 μg m, with maximum daily increases up to 12 μg m.

Large riverbed sediment flux sustained for a decade after an earthquake.

Large earthquakes induce widespread landslides that fill river channels with sediment, generating long-lasting fluvial hazards and reshaping mountain topography. However, riverine sediment fluxes after earthquakes remain poorly resolved, mostly because of a lack of data on bedload flux. Here we construct a source-to-sink sediment budget following the 2008 M7.

Histology-Based Virtual RNA Inference Identifies Pathways Associated with Metastasis Risk in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health concern, with over 150,000 new diagnoses and more than 50,000 deaths annually in the United States, underscoring an urgent need for improved screening, prognostication, disease management, and therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME)-comprising cancerous and immune cells interacting within the tumor's spatial architecture-plays a critical role in disease progression and treatment outcomes, reinforcing its importance as a prognostic marker for metastasis and recurrence risk. However, traditional methods for TME characterization, such as bulk transcriptomics and multiplex protein assays, lack sufficient spatial resolution.

Image Imputation with conditional generative adversarial networks captures clinically relevant imaging features on computed tomography.

Kidney cancer is among the top 10 most common malignancies in adults, and is commonly evaluated with four-phase computed tomography (CT) imaging. However, the presence of missing or corrupted images remains a significant problem in medical imaging that impairs the detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning of kidney cancer. Deep learning approaches through conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have recently shown technical promise in the task of imputing missing imaging data from these four-phase studies.

A bioinspired microfluidic wearable sensor for multiday sweat sampling, transport, and metabolic analysis.

Wearable sweat sensors enable noninvasive real-time biochemical monitoring, holding immense potential for personalized health care applications. However, achieving prolonged and reliable sweat sampling, along with stable biochemical analysis, remains challenging due to inconsistent secretion, rapid evaporation, and the reliance on external stimulation. Here, we present BMS, a bioinspired microfluidic wearable sweat sensor system designed for multiday continuous metabolic monitoring.

Zebrafish neurofibromatosis type 1 mutants show disruption of sleep but not of circadian rhythms.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with several developmental and behavioral phenotypes, including reduced and fragmented sleep at night. Here we describe the role of NF1 in sleep in zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate whose mechanisms of sleep control are broadly conserved with those of mammals. The zebrafish genome encodes for two nf1 paralogs, nf1a and nf1b, that function in a partially redundant manner.

Probing for intentions: The early readiness potential does not reflect awareness of motor preparation.

Voluntary actions are typically preceded by the readiness potential (RP), a negative midfrontal electroencephalography (EEG) deflection that begins ~2 s before movement. What cognitive and neural process the RP reflects and how it relates to conscious intention remain unclear due to conflicting findings. We investigated the neural basis and cognitive significance of the RP in a novel probe-based paradigm.

Two-dimensional bond-selective fluorescence spectroscopy: violations of the resonance condition, vibrational cooling rate dispersion, and super-multiplex imaging.

Multidimensional spectroscopies have shaped our understanding of molecular phenomena, but they are often limited in sensitivity. In this work, we describe two-dimensional bond-selective fluorescence-detected infrared-excited (2D-BonFIRE) spectro-microscopy: an ultrasensitive two-dimensional spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging technique. 2D-BonFIRE spectra are richly detailed, allowing for direct measurement of vibronic coupling and strong evidence of combination modes in congested spectral regions.

Principles of cotranslational mitochondrial protein import.

Nearly all mitochondrial proteins are translated on cytosolic ribosomes. How these proteins are subsequently delivered to mitochondria remains poorly understood. Using selective ribosome profiling, we show that nearly 20% of mitochondrial proteins can be imported cotranslationally in human cells.

Application of optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) for future returned Mars samples.

Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) was used to characterize a terrestrial rock sample as a demonstration of the technique's enhanced spatial resolution as it corresponds to minerology and the detection of organics. Traditional reflectance-based infrared techniques are limited by the wavelength of the infrared light interacting with the surface along with additional optical dispersion issues. However, because of the nature in which the infrared spectrum is measured via O-PTIR, these traditional issues are eliminated.