Tomato Roots Exhibit Development-Specific Responses to Bacterial-Derived Peptides.

To combat soilborne pathogens, roots activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognise microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Root PTI pathways can differ from their above-ground counterparts and have been well-characterised in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana but are not well-defined in crops. Gene repurposing coupled with differences in root tissues and root architecture in tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum and S.

Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Budget Impact Analysis of Remote Healthcare Delivery for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Management in Thailand.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare services globally, necessitating innovative care delivery models for non-communicable diseases. Remote healthcare pathways, including telehealth with pharmacy at home (PAH) and deferred care (DC), emerged as potential solutions for managing stable hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. This study aims to estimate the budget impact of implementing PAH and DC compared to usual care (UC) for HT and DM patients in Thai tertiary care hospitals from the government perspective.

Does civilian oversight impact police legitimacy?

Does the implementation of external oversight in policing improve public perceptions of police legitimacy? Civilian review boards (CRBs) are frequently promoted as mechanisms to enhance the legitimacy of police agencies by providing independent oversight. Despite public support for CRBs, their adoption and effectiveness remain limited, raising concerns about their actual impact on procedural fairness and police legitimacy. This study assesses the role of CRBs in shaping public perceptions by examining various decision-making scenarios involving police chiefs and CRBs.

Polysaccharide- and phenolic-rich Pinus patula extract-mediated TiO₂ nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol.

Conventional TiO₂ nanoparticle syntheses rely on high temperatures, toxic reagents and multi-step routes that impede scalability and sustainability. Here, we deliver the first green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) using polysaccharide- (42 mg GE g) and phenolic-rich (78 mg GAE g) Pinus patula leaf extract. GC-MS and LC-MS fingerprinting identify terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic glycosides acting as simultaneous reducing, capping and stabilizing agents.

Size-Selective Nanoporous Atomically Thin Graphene Separators for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are extensively researched for their high energy densities but are hindered by the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling effect, which results in poor cyclability. A popular mitigation strategy is separator modification, where a LiPS trapping material is slurry-coated onto a conventional microporous polypropylene (PP) separator. This additional mass and volume unfortunately compromise the overall energy density of the LSB.

Order-to-disorder transition due to entropy in layered and 2D carbides.

In compositionally complex materials, there is controversy on the effect of enthalpy versus entropy on the structure and short-range ordering in so-called high-entropy materials. To help address this controversy, we synthesized and probed 40 MAlC layered carbide phases containing two to nine metals and found that short-range ordering from enthalpy was present until the entropy increased enough to achieve complete disordering of the transition metals in their atomic planes. We transformed all of these layered carbide phases into two-dimensional (2D) sheets and showed the effects of the order versus disorder on their surface properties and electronic behavior.

Human Telephone vs Text Message Counseling and Physical Activity Among Midlife and Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: While walking and similar physical activities provide numerous health benefits, particularly for aging inactive adults, many interventions are not accessible or relevant for all populations. Expanding the range of effective programs represents a critical goal.

Objective: To test whether counseling delivered by a customized, computer-driven short message service (SMS) system is comparable to standard human telephone counseling for increasing 12-month walking among inactive Hispanic or Latino/a adults.

A Systems Biology Perspective on Childhood ADHD: Neurochemical Dysregulation, Brain-Behavior Interactions, and Emerging Therapeutics.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition that typically manifests during childhood. Its symptoms manifest much earlier-often before the age of seven. With the disorder's continuous patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, it gets in the way of academic, social, and occupational performance.

Objective and Subjective Evaluation of Non-Technical Skills and Technical Leadership Skills During Simulated Critical Care Scenarios.

Occupational ApplicationsThe analysis of communication, attention, and cognitive engagement relative to leadership and non-technical skills (NTS) is important for understanding the team dynamic within clinical settings. We found negative correlations between passive communication (receiving information instead of dictating information) and leadership scores, suggesting that passive leadership traits lead to weaker technical leadership performance. Additionally, continuously sharing goals and providing affirmations to patients had positive relationships with leadership scores.

Validation of helical symmetry parameters in the EMDB.

Helical symmetry is a structural feature of many biological assemblies, including cytoskeletons, viruses and pathological amyloid fibrils. The helical parameters twist and rise are unique metadata for helical structures. With the increasing number of helical structures being resolved through cryo-EM and deposited in the EMDB, there is a growing possibility of errors in the metadata associated with these entries.

Association between the Balanced Healthy Eating Index and depression and the mediating role of extreme pessimistic thoughts: an analysis from the health and nutrition database.

Background: Depression remains a significant global health issue, yet the combined influence of dietary quality and extreme pessimistic thoughts on depressive risk is not fully understood. This study evaluated whether a Balanced Healthy Eating Index (BHEI) and extreme pessimism independently and jointly predict depression in adults.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 17,575 participants aged 18-65 years in the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Reactive aldehyde species-mediated neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and significantly decreases quality of life. Often functionally limiting and refractory to conventional pharmacologic treatments, treating spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain necessitates the exploration of novel mechanistic therapeutic strategies. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that neurotoxic reactive aldehyde species such as acrolein, produced endogenously in high concentrations following spinal cord injury, are putative therapeutic targets in spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain.

Exploring the amino acid-derived metabolomes of Arabidopsis and their associated natural variation using isotope labeling and mGWAS.

In this study, we used stable isotope labeling coupled with reversed-phase HPLC-MS to annotate the origin of metabolite features in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) (Columbia-0) seedling rosettes and stems. Using this strategy, a total of 1,240 metabolite features were shown to be derived from 15 amino acids, and these represented 10% to 30% of the total ion counts detected by untargeted LC-MS. The amino acid-derived metabolomes (AADMs) of rosettes and stems exhibited differing patterns of accumulation.

Design principles for construction of DNA-based nanostructures.

DNA nanotechnology, a cutting-edge field that constructs sophisticated DNA-based nanostructures by harnessing the unparalleled programmability of DNA, has evolved into a powerful tool for applications in therapy, biosensing, logic computation, and more. This review outlines the fundamental strategies for constructing DNA nanostructures, beginning with the design of basic building blocks such as small, symmetric tiles (e.g.

Structural insights into outer membrane protein biogenesis in pathogenic Neisseria.

N. gonorrhoeae (Ngo) causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea with ∼106 million infections worldwide annually. Ngo infections can result in an increased risk of acquiring HIV, infertility, and blindness.

Racialized bias in pediatric pain: the role of observers' attentional processing and estimations of children's pain.

Background: Research demonstrates racism in pediatric pain care. However, the mechanisms underlying these injustices are not well understood. This study examined White observers' attentional processing of facial expressions of pain demonstrated by White .

Barriers to HIV/STI Services and Service Access Preferences Among Rural Sexual Minority Men and Native American Men in Oklahoma.

HIV and STI incidence are disproportionately elevated among sexual minority men (SMM) and Native American (NA) men in rural Oklahoma. The present study is a formative assessment of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in Rural Oklahoma (e-HERO) project, which is part of the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. EHE has an overarching goal of reducing incidence rates of HIV and STIs in rural Oklahoma.

Spontaneous or Stimulated? Investigating Raman's Detection Limits in Aqueous Environments.

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for analyzing chemical compositions across diverse samples. Spontaneous Raman scattering (spRS) provides complete Raman spectra but typically yields low signal levels, requiring long signal integration times. In contrast, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) produces much stronger signals, allowing for rapid spectral acquisition, and has been widely used to accelerate chemical imaging.

Developmental Patterns of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Expression in Xenopus laevis and Response to Pharmaceutical Agonists During Metamorphic Climax.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are master transcriptional regulators that maintain metabolic homeostasis in vertebrates. Amphibians are often exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that could dysregulate lipid metabolism. Larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) are routinely used as a model to study aquatic EDC exposures, but PPAR expression has not been characterized across larval development or metamorphosis in this species.

Metal profiling of Hass avocados: a cross-sectional study using ICP-MS and pXRF.

Objective: Metals in agricultural products can vary substantially based on numerous factors. This pilot study aimed to quantify metal concentrations in the mesocarp and exocarp of Hass avocados available to U.S.

Stable single-site organonickel catalyst preferentially hydrogenolyses branched polyolefin C-C bonds.

Current methods of processing accumulated polyolefin waste typically require harsh conditions, precious metals or high metal loadings to achieve appreciable activities. Here we examined supported, single-site organonickel catalysts for polyolefin upcycling. Chemisorption of Ni(COD) (COD, 1,5-cyclooctadiene) onto Brønsted acidic sulfated alumina (AlS) yields a highly electrophilic Ni(I) precatalyst, AlS/Ni(COD), which is converted under H to the active AlS/NiH catalyst.

Characterization of the OMP biogenesis machinery in Fusobacterium nucleatum.

F. nucleatum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes oral infections and is linked to colorectal cancer. Pathogenicity relies on a type of β-barrel outer membrane protein (OMP) called an autotransporter.

Night shift work and sleep duration among middle and older age adults: The role of individual, social, and environmental moderators.

Sleep is a critical yet often overlooked outcome in sociological inquiries into health disparities, acting as a crucial mechanism through which stress translates into health problems. This study investigates the impact of night shift work on sleep duration, a significant but under-explored area in social science research. Utilizing data from 217,863 participants in the UK Biobank, we examine how night shift work impacts sleep duration among middle-aged and older adults in the UK.

Persistent Tic Disorders Are Associated With 17q12 Duplications.

Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Persistent Tic Disorder (PTD) are childhood-onset neuropsychiatric conditions with high heritability. Due to current sample size limitations, identifying TS/PTD risk genes has been challenging. This study addressed this issue by conducting a meta-analysis of microarray copy number variant (CNV) studies from three TS/PTD genomics consortia, supplemented with new data from 3,291 cases.