Dual-sensitive gelatin-coated chitosan microparticles for targeted semaglutide pulmonary delivery: a novel approach to enhancing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

This study introduces a novel dual-sensitive drug delivery system, gelatin-coated chitosan microparticles (GL-ChMPs), designed to enhance the lung targeting and therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide (SEM). GL-ChMPs were designed to respond to the acidic environment and metalloproteinases, conditions that are typical in pulmonary fibrosis. SEM-GL-ChMPs exhibited superior lung targeting and prolonged retention while minimizing systemic distribution.

A Systems Biology Perspective on Childhood ADHD: Neurochemical Dysregulation, Brain-Behavior Interactions, and Emerging Therapeutics.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition that typically manifests during childhood. Its symptoms manifest much earlier-often before the age of seven. With the disorder's continuous patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, it gets in the way of academic, social, and occupational performance.

Potential Effects of Computer-Based Cognitive Training on Postural Stability and Locomotion in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine the short-term and long-term effects of computer-based cognitive training on postural stability, locomotion, and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: Sixty-eight PD participated in this randomized-controlled trial, were randomly allocated into two groups; control group (GA) received a designed physiotherapy program for 60 minutes, and an experimental group (GB) got 30 minutes physiotherapy program as GA, along with 30 minutes of computerized cognitive training. Treatment sessions were three times/week for eight weeks.

MDL-800 protects against inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction: role of SIRT6 in the cross-regulation of NFκB, AMPK, and PPAR signaling in rats.

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, contributing substantially to the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases. Despite extensive research, effective pharmacological strategies that address the diverse and interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms of MetSyn are lacking. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD-dependent epigenetic regulator, has emerged as a critical modulator of metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis.

Sustainable phytoprotection: a smart monitoring and recommendation framework using Puma Optimization for potato pathogen detection.

Ensuring sustainable and resilient agricultural systems in the face of intensifying crop disease threats requires intelligent, data-driven tools for early detection and intervention. This study proposes a novel hybrid framework for potato disease classification that integrates copula-based dependency modeling with a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), further enhanced through hyperparameter tuning using the biologically inspired Puma Optimization (PO) algorithm. The system is trained and evaluated on a real-world dataset derived from structured field experiments, comprising 52 instances and 42 agronomic, microbial, and ecological variables.

Ocotillo optimization-driven deep learning for bone marrow cytology classification.

Manual diagnosis of hematological cancers like leukemia through bone marrow smear analysis is labor-intensive, prone to errors, and highly dependent on expert knowledge. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a comprehensive deep learning framework enhanced with the innovative bio-inspired Ocotillo Optimization Algorithm (OcOA), designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of bone marrow cell classification. The contributions include developing a baseline Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that achieves an initial accuracy of 86.

Reprogramming the hepatic immune microenvironment with mirtazapine in early neoplastic transformation: Evidence from a diethylnitrosamine-induced rat model.

Hepatic neoplastic transformation is a multistep process driven by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, immune evasion, and dysregulated cell proliferation. Intercepting these early events may offer a viable strategy for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of mirtazapine, an FDA-approved antidepressant with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in a diethylnitrosamine-induced rat model of early hepatic neoplasia.

Hybrid greylag goose and particle swarm optimization for early detection of Parkinson's disease from speech features.

Parkinson's disease is brought on by a disturbance in the functions of the brain cells that are responsible for the production of dopamine, which is a chemical that enables brain cells to interact with one another. The cells in the brain responsible for the production of dopamine are the ones in charge of the regulation, adaptability, and fluency of movements. When sixty to eighty percent of these cells are gone, there is a lack of sufficient dopamine production, which makes Parkinson's motor symptoms manifest.

Exploring novel thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline-based scaffolds as promising antimicrobial agents through synthesis and molecular insights.

In pursuit of novel antimicrobial agents, a series of thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline derivatives incorporating pyridine and thiophene moieties were synthesized and structurally characterized using IR and H-NMR spectroscopy. The synthetic strategy employed diverse condensation and cyclization reactions involving cyanoacetamide intermediates, aryl isothiocyanates, and α-halocarbonyl compounds. The resulting compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Kinesio Taping for Pain Management and Pressure Pain Threshold in Myofascial Pain Syndrome.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), which can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) in reducing pain intensity and increasing pressure pain threshold (PPT) in individuals with MPS. A comprehensive search was performed across five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and SCOPUS) from inception to May 2024.

Prediction of ultimate load capacity of demountable shear stud connectors using machine learning techniques.

This study investigates the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict the ultimate load capacity of demountable shear connectors in steel-concrete composite structures. A dataset of 239 experimental and numerical records was assembled, incorporating critical features such as bolt diameter, bolt yield and ultimate strengths, concrete and grout compressive strengths, and multiple interfacial friction coefficients. Eight supervised ML algorithms were evaluated: Linear Regression, Ridge, Lasso, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost.

Fractional differential quadrature method for modeling composite halide perovskite solar cells.

This work presents a novel approach for high-efficiency modeling of composite halide perovskite solar cells using the Fractional Differential Quadrature (FDQ) method. The FDQ method is applied to solve the governing equations derived from continuity and Poisson equations describing charge transport in a specific perovskite structure (PCBM/CH3NH3GeI3/CuI) solar cell. Our simulations demonstrate high accuracy with an error margin of 10⁻⁸ compared to experimental data and significant computational efficiency compared to other experimental and numerical methods.

α‑MoO Nanobelts Boosted the Structural, Optical, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties of PEO/PVP Blends for Emerging Optoelectronic/Energy-Storage Applications.

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the optical, thermal, structural, and electrical properties of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blends embedded with molybdenum trioxide nanobelts (MoO NBs). The nanocomposites were fabricated via solution casting with varying concentrations of MoO NBs to assess their influence on the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated the semicrystalline nature of PEO/PVP blends and revealed structural modifications induced by the nanofiller.

Avocado () pulp extract mitigates the testicular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cadmium in male rats.

One environmental contaminant that affects several tissues and organs, including the testis, is cadmium (Cd). is a distinctive fruit with remarkable nutritional and technological qualities in addition to possible health benefits. This study aimed to assess the ameliorative impact of the avocado pulp extract on the testicular toxicity induced by Cd in male rats.

Reviving Furosemide as a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor against MDR .

Carbapenems are considered the last line of antibiotic defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) , a bacterium that can secrete carbapenemases such as metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) to degrade carbapenems. It is thus critical to develop strategies to combat carbapenem resistance, and one of these strategies is to discover MBL inhibitors. In the current study, we evaluated the possible anti-β-lactamase of the approved safe drug furosemide.

Novel dual gland GAN architecture improves human protein localization classification using salivary and pituitary gland inspired loss functions.

Cellular classification is essential for understanding biological processes and disease mechanisms. This paper introduces a novel approach that employs two complementary loss functions within a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework for processing images from the Human Protein Atlas dataset. Our method introduces the "Salivary Gland" loss function (SG-Loss), which addresses missing pixel imputation through a unique computational mechanism that models the graded secretion patterns of acinar cells, incorporating multi-scale contextual information to reconstruct incomplete cellular features.

Outcomes of concomitant midurethral sling and anterior colporrhaphy in managing stress urinary incontinence associated with cystocele: a systematic review and single-arm analysis.

Background: Multiple surgical approaches have been provided for treating Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) combined with anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele). However the optimal treatment remains a topic of ongoing debate. This systematic review and single-arm analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midurethral sling (MUS) with concomitant anterior colporrhaphy (AC) for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence associated with grade 1-3 anterior vaginal wall prolapse.

Correction: Mohammed et al. Alvespimycin Exhibits Potential Anti-TGF-β Signaling in the Setting of a Proteasome Activator in Rats with Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Promising Novel Approach. 2023, , 1123.

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Vinpocetine alleviated lung injury induced by cyclophosphamide in rats via modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-kB, and apoptotic pathways.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) acts widely as a potent anticancer and immunosuppressant agent. However, due to its adverse side effects, such as lung injury, its therapeutic applications are limited. This study investigated the efficacy of vinpocetine (Vinpo), a cerebral-protective agent, in reducing CP-induced lung injury in rat models.

DentoMorph-LDMs: diffusion models based on novel adaptive 8-connected gum tissue and deciduous teeth loss for dental image augmentation.

Pediatric dental image analysis faces critical challenges in disease detection due to missing or corrupted pixel regions and the unique developmental characteristics of deciduous teeth, with current Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) failing to preserve anatomical integrity during reconstruction of pediatric oral structures. We developed two novel biologically-inspired loss functions integrated within LDMs specifically designed for pediatric dental imaging: Gum-Adaptive Pixel Imputation (GAPI) utilizing adaptive 8-connected pixel neighborhoods that mimic pediatric gum tissue adaptive behavior, and Deciduous Transition-Based Reconstruction (DTBR) incorporating developmental stage awareness based on primary teeth transition patterns observed in children aged 2-12 years. These algorithms guide the diffusion process toward developmentally appropriate reconstructions through specialized loss functions that preserve structural continuity of deciduous dentition and age-specific anatomical features crucial for accurate pediatric diagnosis.

Enhancement of the structure and linear/nonlinear optical properties of PVA/chitosan/Ag nanocomposites for optoelectronic and antibacterial applications.

Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/silver (PVA/Cs/Ag) nanocomposites are prepared using casting method for eco-friendly applications. The microstructure and optical properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed that the structural parameters such as lattice strain, crystallites per unit area, dislocation density and stacking fault are affected upon incorporating AgNPs.

Unveiling the potential therapeutic role of nifuroxazide and liraglutide combination in mitigating LPS-induced acute lung injury through modulation of AT1R/JAK-2/STAT-3 by ACE2/ Ang1-7/MasR signaling in male albino rats: in vivo and in silico study.

The current study investigated the possible therapeutic role of a combination of liraglutide and nifuroxazide in ameliorating the JAK2/STAT3/NFĸB signaling pathway by augmenting the counter-regulatory ACE2/Ang1-7/MAS receptor axis of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). This therapeutic potential was further verified through molecular dynamic simulation studies. Seventy-five male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups.

Hybrid deep learning optimization for smart agriculture: Dipper throated optimization and polar rose search applied to water quality prediction.

Modern sustainable farming demands precise water management techniques, particularly for crops like potatoes that require high-quality irrigation to ensure optimal growth. This study presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic framework that combines Dipper Throated Optimization (DTO), a bio-inspired algorithm modeled on bird foraging behavior, with Polar Rose Search (PRS) to enhance deep learning models in predictive water quality assessment. The proposed approach integrates binary feature selection and metaheuristic optimization into a unified optimization process, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation to handle complex, high-dimensional datasets.

Early postoperative evaluation of an open-source digital workflow for designing custom-made zirconia membranes in maxillary guided bone regeneration.

Background: Computer-guided surgery has played a crucial role in planning alveolar ridge augmentation. In the last decade, various software programs have been used in computer-guided fabricated nonresorbable membranes, including zirconia membranes, for guided bone regeneration. However, most of these software programs are not free of charge.