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Control of intracellular pathogens is a critical element of host defense. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the host restricts or eliminates these pathogens may inform the development of novel immunotherapeutics and antimicrobial strategies, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. In parallel, understanding how pathogens subvert these immune responses may yield new approaches to disrupt virulence rather than viability. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which primates-and especially humans-achieve intracellular pathogen control remain poorly understood. Five years ago, I reflected on the complexity of interferon-induced control of in a murine infection model. In this review, I revisit those questions considering emerging evidence, highlighting how cross-species comparisons and context-specific immune programs are reshaping our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the logic of antimicrobial defense.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00091-25 | DOI Listing |
Nucleic Acids Res
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
Glycine is an important metabolite and cell signal in diverse organisms, yet tools to visualize intracellular glycine dynamics have not been developed. In this study, diverse and bright RNA-based glycine biosensors were developed by fusing the architecturally complex glycine riboswitch with Broccoli class fluorogenic aptamers. The brightest sensor with the highest activation, glyS, and its two-dye ratiometric counterpart, Pepper-glyS, allowed for visualization of a drug-induced accumulation of endogenous glycine in live Escherichia colicells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Antimicrob Agents
September 2025
Unity Health Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Unity Health Toronto, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Gregory.German@unityhe
Chronic urinary tract infections are persistent bacterial infections with the potential to drive antibiotic resistance. Like other persistent bacterial infections, intracellular bacterial reservoirs and biofilm formation hinder the clearance of pathogens despite long courses of antibiotic therapy. New strategies for treatment of these persistent infections are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflamm Res
September 2025
Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions that significantly affect human health and are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Clinical trials and basic research have demonstrated that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of CVDs. The inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system, involved in various inflammatory responses to pathogens and tissue damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmSphere
September 2025
Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Control of intracellular pathogens is a critical element of host defense. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the host restricts or eliminates these pathogens may inform the development of novel immunotherapeutics and antimicrobial strategies, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. In parallel, understanding how pathogens subvert these immune responses may yield new approaches to disrupt virulence rather than viability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative, enterohepatic bacterium classified as a conditional pathogen (pathogenicity group 2). It is known to cause bacteremia and a variety of other diseases in humans. In particular, has been shown to impair intracellular cholesterol metabolism when interacting with macrophages, leading to foam cell formation.
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