Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (AFRPs) in Aerospace: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives.

This review examines the application of aramid fiber-reinforced plastics (AFRPs) in the aerospace industry, highlighting their significance in enhancing aircraft performance. Aramid fibers, such as Kevlar and Twaron, have emerged as key materials due to their exceptional tensile strength, low density, and thermal stability. However, challenges persist in manufacturing, durability, and multifunctionality.

Boosting Electrochemical CO Reduction to Formate over La-Doped SnO via Pinning Effect and Water Activation.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to formate over Sn-based catalysts offers an effective carbon-neutral approach for chemical production and renewable energy storage. However, poor selectivity under high current densities persists, primarily due to the instability of Sn-O active sites and slow water dissociation. In this work, a La-doped SnO catalyst is synthesized for efficient CO conversion to formate.

The Synthesis and Photophysical Performance of a Novel Z-Scheme HoFeSbO/BiYbO Heterojunction Photocatalyst and the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Under Visible Light Irradiation.

A pyrochlore-type crystal structure photocatalytic nanomaterial, HoFeSbO, was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Additionally, a fluorite-structured BiYbO was prepared via rare earth Yb doping. Finally, a novel HoFeSbO/BiYbO heterojunction photocatalyst (HBHP) was fabricated using a solvothermal method.

Reconstructing Satellites in 3D from Amateur Telescope Images.

Monitoring space objects is crucial for space situational awareness, yet reconstructing 3D satellite models from ground-based telescope images is super challenging due to atmospheric turbulence, long observation distances, limited viewpoints, and low signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we propose a novel computational imaging framework that overcomes these obstacles by integrating a hybrid image pre-processing pipeline with a joint pose estimation and 3D reconstruction module based on controlled Gaussian Splatting (GS) and Branch-and-Bound (BnB) search. We validate our approach on both synthetic satellite datasets and on-sky observations of China's Tiangong Space Station and the International Space Station, achieving robust 3D reconstructions of low-Earth orbit satellites from ground-based data.

Isovalerylspiramycin I Reprograms the Immunosuppressive and Temozolomide-Resistant Microenvironment by Inhibiting the Frizzled-5/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent and lethal primary brain malignancy in adults, currently lacks treatment effective options. Repurposing existing pharmaceutical agents as novel therapeutic modalities represents a viable strategy for efficiently utilizing resources. Here, we demonstrated that Isovalerylspiramycin I (ISP-I), the active component of a novel macrolide antibiotic, exerts a synergistic effect with temozolomide (TMZ) to enhance anti-GBM efficacy.

A clinical study on minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with ureteral access sheath for the treatment of kidney stones.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) combined with ureteral access sheath in the treatment of complex kidney stones.

Methods: Seventy patients with complex kidney stones in the author's hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were randomized. There were 35 cases of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with ureteral access sheath and 35 cases of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy alone.

Chk2 deletion rescues bone loss and cellular senescence induced by Bmi1 deficiency via regulation of Cyp1a1.

Background/objective: Bone homeostasis, maintained by a balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption, is disrupted in osteoporosis, leading to reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bmi1, a polycomb group protein, is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and senescence regulation. Bmi1 deficiency has been linked to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and premature osteoporosis.

A real-world retrospective cohort study: the clinical outcomes and characteristics of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Background: Current clinical research on platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PRROC) is primarily based on prospective clinical trials, while real-world evidence remains extremely scarce. The continuous accumulation of real-world evidence can effectively address the limitations of clinical trials, and real-world evidence is increasingly gaining recognition in guiding clinical practice. This study sought to describe the clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients diagnosed with PRROC in a real-world setting.

Corrigendum to "Chk2 deletion rescues bone loss and cellular senescence induced by Bmi1 deficiency via regulation of Cyp1a1" [J Orthop Translat, 52 (2025) 360-375 /doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2025.04.014].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.

A Green Method for Bacterial Cellulose Electrospinning Using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate and γ-Valerolactone.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure and crystalline cellulose produced via bacterial fermentation. However, due to its chemical structure made of strong hydrogen bonds and its high molecular weight, BC can neither be melted nor dissolved by common solvents. Therefore, processing BC implies the use of very strong, often toxic and dangerous chemicals.

Modeling the Potential Distribution and Future Dynamics of Important Vector Under Climate Change Scenarios in China.

In the context of global warming, there is an increasing risk of the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). As one of the most important vectors, can carry and transmit numerous human and animal infectious pathogens. To better understand the current distribution and possible future dynamics of in China, an ecological niche modeling approach (MaxEnt) was adopted to model its current and future habitat suitability.

Astaxanthin promotes in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes by regulating mitochondrial functions and protein homeostasis†.

The quality of mouse oocytes that are matured in vitro is much lower than the ones that are matured in vivo. This difference is mainly due to oxidative stress occurring in culture conditions. Astaxanthin, a marine carotenoid, is one of the most robust natural antioxidants that can effectively reduce oxidative stress.

Oxidative Strong Metal-Support Interaction Stabilized Single-Atom Catalysts for Heterogeneous Hydroformylation.

The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is one of the most important concepts in heterogeneous catalysis, which plays a crucial role in modifying catalytic performance. However, the study of SMSI on single-atom catalysts (SACs), which are considered to bridge homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, remains preliminary. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we first report the oxidative SMSIs on SACs and utilize them to enhance hydroformylation activity and stability.

Transferring enhanced material knowledge via image quality enhancement and feature distillation for pavement condition identification.

In the context of rapid advancements in autonomous driving technology, ensuring passengers' safety and comfort has become a priority. Obstacle or road detection systems, especially accurate pavement condition identification in unfavorable weather or time circumstances, play a crucial role in the safe operation and comfortable riding experience of autonomous vehicles. To this end, we propose a novel framework based on image quality enhancement and feature distillation (IQEFD) for detecting diverse pavement conditions during the day and night to achieve state classification.

Genotypes of SNPs of key genes regulate susceptibility and drug sensitivity to neovascular AMD in the human population.

Objective: To compare the genetic characteristics of the normal control group to those of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD and the sensitivity to anti-VEGF drug, combercept.

Method: This is a prospective case-controlled study. A total of 104 neovascular AMD patients were treated with combercept and 106 normal subjects were served as the control group.

Xifeng Jiannao pill mitigates MPTP-induced neuronal apoptosis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress via MAPK signaling.

Xifeng Jiannao Pill (XFJNP), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study employs network pharmacology and molecular biology to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of XFJNP.

SHMT2 is essential for mammalian preimplantation embryonic development through biosynthesis of nucleotide metabolites.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used widely and efficiently to treat infertility. During the ART procedure, one of the main factors affecting the success rate is abnormal development of preimplantation embryos. The establishment and maintenance of developmental competence are precisely regulated at different levels, while minor errors at early stages may result in adverse outcomes, including developmental arrest and implantation failure.

The asymmetric expression of HSPA2 in blastomeres governs the first embryonic cell-fate decision.

The first cell-fate decision is the process by which cells of an embryo take on distinct lineage identities for the first time, thus representing the beginning of developmental patterning. Here, we demonstrate that the molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), a member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family, is asymmetrically expressed in the late 2-cell stage of mouse embryos. The knockdown of in one of the 2-cell blastomeres prevented its progeny predominantly towards the inner cell mass (ICM) fate.

A novel UPLC-based method to identify elephant and mammoth ivory.

The illegal ivory trade has led to a sharp decline in wild elephant populations in recent decades, while mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) ivory products have increasingly flooded the marketplace, complicating identification efforts by frontline law enforcement. Existing ivory identification methods face several challenges, including inconsistent accuracy due to sample quality, high costs, slow turnaround times, and destructive sample requirements. Currently, there is a lack of a fast, convenient, and highly effective solution to address these issues.

Enhancing inbreeding estimation and global conservation insights through chromosome-level assemblies of the Chinese and Malayan pangolin.

A high-quality reference genome coupled with resequencing data is a promising strategy to address issues in conservation genomics. This has greatly enhanced the development of conservation plans for endangered species. Pangolins are fascinating animals with a variety of unique features.

High-fidelity light-field display with enhanced information utilization by modulating chrominance and luminance separately.

Light-field displays typically consist of a two-dimensional (2D) display panel and a light modulation device. The 2D panel presents synthesized parallax images, with the total information content of the three-dimensional (3D) light field dictated by the panel's total resolution. Angular resolution serves as a critical metric for light-field displays, where higher angular resolution correlates with a more realistic 3D visual experience.

Electrochemically driven inactivation of harmful cyanobacteria assisted with the visible light photocatalyst of CeO-FeO-CQDs.

The application of photoelectrocatalysis in the inactivation of algae is attracting growing attention. In this study, CeO-FeO-carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared as particle electrodes to assess their effectiveness in inactivating cyanobacteria within a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical system under visible light. The results showed that both algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM) could be efficiently removed.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Malus niedzwetzkyana, the mother of Rosybloom crabapple.

Malus niedzwetzkyana (MN) is the mother of Rosybloom hybrids, ornamental crabapples with red and purple flowers. We present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome for MN with a size of 672.64 Mb, anchored to 17 chromosomes and with a high BUSCO completeness score of 98.

Modulating the gut microbiota: A novel perspective in colorectal cancer treatment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is intricately linked to the dysregulation of the gut microbiota. Manipulating the gut microbiota has emerged as a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of CRC. Natural products, a pivotal source in new drug discovery, have shown promise in recent research as regulators of the gut microbiota, offering potential applications in the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Recent advances in the dual effects of activin A on tumors.

Activin A, a gonadal protein, not only stimulates the pituitary to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but also plays a crucial role in regulating various cell behaviors, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Studies have shown an association between activin A expression and tumor progression, highlighting its dual role in cancer. Similar to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), activin A can have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, for instance, it inhibits the migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells, while promotes the migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells.