One-Step Labeling Strategy for the Profiling of Multiple Types of Protein Glycosylation.

Protein glycosylation, classified into -glycosylation and -glycosylation, is the most prevalent and complex protein post-translational modification. Bioorthogonal chemistry reactions combining the biotin-streptavidin interaction system are the most commonly used for investigating protein glycosylation. In this study, a one-step enzymatic labeling strategy for the simultaneous and global profiling of multiple types of protein glycosylation was developed.

Decoding Protein Glycosylation by an Integrative Mass Spectrometry-Based Sequencing Strategy.

Glycoproteins, representing more than 50% of human proteins and most biopharmaceuticals, are crucial for regulating various biological processes. The complexity of multiple glycosylation sites often leads to incomplete sequence coverage and ambiguous glycan modification profiles. Here, we developed an integrative mass spectrometry-based approach for decoding unknown glycoproteins, which is featured with the combination of deglycosylation-mediated sequencing with glycosylation site characterization.

Enhancing inbreeding estimation and global conservation insights through chromosome-level assemblies of the Chinese and Malayan pangolin.

A high-quality reference genome coupled with resequencing data is a promising strategy to address issues in conservation genomics. This has greatly enhanced the development of conservation plans for endangered species. Pangolins are fascinating animals with a variety of unique features.

Population Genomics Reveals Elevated Inbreeding and Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in White Raccoon Dogs.

The formation of animal breeds usually begins with a small subsample from their ancestral population. Deleterious mutations accumulate in the population under genetic drift, inbreeding, and artificial selection during the development and maintenance of traits desired by humans. White raccoon dogs are among the most popular breeds of farmed raccoon dogs, but white raccoon dogs are more susceptible to disease and have a lower reproductive ability.

Revealing extensive inbreeding and less efficient purging of deleterious mutations in wild Amur tigers in China.

Inbreeding increases genome homozygosity within populations, which can exacerbate inbreeding depression by exposing homozygous deleterious alleles that are responsible for declines in fitness traits. In small populations, genetic purging that occurs under the pressure of natural selection acts as an opposing force, contributing to a reduction of deleterious alleles. Both inbreeding and genetic purging are paramount in the field of conservation genomics.

Enzyme-Sialylation-Controlled Chemical Sulfation of Glycan Epitopes for Decoding the Binding of Siglec Ligands.

Widely distributed in nature, sulfated glycan epitopes play important roles in diverse pathophysiological processes. However, due to their structural complexity, the preparation of glycan epitopes with structurally defined sulfation patterns is challenging, which significantly hampers the detailed elucidation of their biological functions at the molecular level. Here, we introduce a strategy for site-specific chemical sulfation of glycan epitopes, leveraging enzymatic sialylation and desialylation processes to precisely control the regio-specificity of sulfation of disaccharide or trisaccharide glycan backbones.

Recent progress in chemoenzymatic synthesis of human glycans.

Glycan is an essential cell component that usually exists in either a free form or a glycoconjugated form. Glycosylation affects the regulatory function of glycoconjugates in health and disease development, indicating the key role of glycan in organisms. Because of the complexity and diversity of glycan structures, it is challenging to prepare structurally well-defined glycans, which hinders the investigation of biological functions at the molecular level.

Copper ions-photo dual-crosslinked alginate hydrogel for angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Early healing of bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Many bone-filling materials have been studied, among which photocrosslinked alginate has received significant attention due to its good biocompatibility and morphological plasticity. Although it has been confirmed that photocrosslinked alginate can be used as an extracellular matrix for 3D cell culture, it lacks osteogenesis-related biological functions.

Highly accurate carbohydrate-binding site prediction with DeepGlycanSite.

As the most abundant organic substances in nature, carbohydrates are essential for life. Understanding how carbohydrates regulate proteins in the physiological and pathological processes presents opportunities to address crucial biological problems and develop new therapeutics. However, the diversity and complexity of carbohydrates pose a challenge in experimentally identifying the sites where carbohydrates bind to and act on proteins.

A "One-Step" Strategy for the Global Characterization of Core-Fucosylated Glycoproteome.

Core fucosylation, a special type of -linked glycosylation, is important in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastatic potential, and therapy resistance. However, the core-fucosylated glycoproteome has not been extensively profiled due to the low abundance and poor ionization efficiency of glycosylated peptides. Here, a "one-step" strategy has been described for protein core-fucosylation characterization in biological samples.

Towards chemoenzymatic labeling strategies for profiling protein glycosylation.

Protein glycosylation is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications of proteins involved in regulating glycoprotein functions. The chemoenzymatic glycan labeling strategy allows rapid, efficient, and selective interrogation of glycoproteins. Glycoproteomics identifies protein glycosylation events at a large scale, providing information such as peptide sequences, glycan structures, and glycosylated sites.

Direct Identification of Complex Glycans via a Highly Sensitive Engineered Nanopore.

The crucial roles that glycans play in biological systems are determined by their structures. However, the analysis of glycan structures still has numerous bottlenecks due to their inherent complexities. The nanopore technology has emerged as a powerful sensor for DNA sequencing and peptide detection.

A Computational and Chemical Design Strategy for Manipulating Glycan-Protein Recognition.

Glycans are complex biomolecules that encode rich information and regulate various biological processes, such as fertilization, host-pathogen binding, and immune recognition, through interactions with glycan-binding proteins. A key driving force for glycan-protein recognition is the interaction between the π electron density of aromatic amino acid side chains and polarized C─H groups of the pyranose (termed the CH-π interaction). However, the relatively weak binding affinity between glycans and proteins has hindered the application of glycan detection and imaging.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selenomethionine promote osteogenesis via Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.

Background: Recently, the antioxidant properties of the natural compound, selenomethionine (Se-Met), have been recognized. However, its effect on the osteogenic mineralization of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation remain unclear.

Methods: This study utilized -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to simulate oxidative stress and inflammation.

"Two Birds One Stone" Strategy for the Site-Specific Analysis of Core Fucosylation and -GlcNAcylation.

Core fucosylation and -GlcNAcylation are the two most famous protein glycosylation modifications that regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes in living organisms. Here, a "two birds one stone" strategy has been described for the site-specific analysis of core fucosylation and -GlcNAcylation. Taking advantage of two mutant endoglycosidases (EndoF3-D165A and EndoCC-N180H), which efficiently and specifically recognize core fucose and -GlcNAc, glycopeptides can be labeled using a biantennary -glycan probe bearing azido and oxazoline groups.

Comparative microcomputed tomography and histological analysis of the effects of a horizontal platelet-rich fibrin bone block on maxillary sinus augmentation: A preclinical in vivo study.

Background: While suggested to be effective in tissue regeneration, the effects of horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) bone block in sinus augmentation have not been verified in an animal model.

Methods: A total of 12 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent sinus augmentation were divided into two groups: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) only and H-PRF bone block. H-PRF was prepared at 700 × g for 8 min using a horizontal centrifuge.

Application of microalgae M9V and S3 for wheat growth promotion and as urea alternatives.

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to meet the global food demand has caused extensive environmental pollution. Microalgae can be used to enhance agricultural crop production as a potentially sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. In this study, M9V and S3 were isolated from the soil and mass-cultured for use as microalgal fertilizers.

A Sensitive and Reversible Labeling Strategy Enables Global Mapping of the Core-Fucosylated Glycoproteome on Cell Surfaces.

Core fucosylation, the attachment of α1,6-fucose to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue of N-glycans, has a strong relationship with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and immune evasion by regulating many membrane proteins. However, details about the functional mechanism are still largely unknown due to the lack of an effective analytical method to identify cell-surface core-fucosylated glycoproteins, and especially glycosylation sites. Here, we developed a sensitive and reversible labeling strategy for probing core fucosylation, by which core-fucosylated glycoproteins that located on cell-surface were selectively tagged by a biotinylated probe with high sensitivity.

Positional behavior and canopy use of black snub-nosed monkeys in the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China.

Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their environment. This study explores canopy and substrate use along with positional behavior in adult black snub-nosed monkeys , an endemic, critically endangered primate species in Gaoligong Mountains, southwest China. Using continuous focal animal sampling, we collected data over a 52-month period and found that is highly arboreal primarily using the high layers of the forest canopy (15-30 m), along with the terminal zone of tree crowns (52.

The 10th anniversary of the scientific description of the black snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri): It is time to initiate a set of new management strategies to save this critically endangered primate from extinction.

Traditionally, the genus Rhinopithecus (Milne-Edwards, 1872, Primates, Colobinae) included four allopatric species, restricted in their distributions to China and Vietnam. In 2010, a fifth species, the black snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri) was discovered in the Gaoligong Mountains located on the border between China and Myanmar. Despite the remoteness, complex mountainous terrain, dense fog, and armed conflict that characterizes this region, over this past decade Chinese and Myanmar scientists have begun to collect quantitative data on the ecology, behavior and conservation requirements of R.

Osteogenic peptides in periodontal ligament stem cell-containing three-dimensional bioscaffolds promote bone healing.

Bone tissue engineering shows great potential in bone regeneration; however, the lack of bone growth factors with high biocompatibility and efficiency is a major concern. Oligopeptides have drawn great attention due to their high biological efficacy, low toxicity, and low molecular weight. The oligopeptide SDSSD promotes the osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) The SDSSD-modified three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds promote osteogenesis and bone formation in the subcutaneous pockets of BALB/c nude mice and facilitate bone healing .

Spatiotemporal Activation of Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Living Cells.

O-linked -acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a prevalent protein modification that plays fundamental roles in both cell physiology and pathology. O-GlcNAc is catalyzed solely by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The study of protein O-GlcNAc function is limited by the lack of tools to control OGT activity with spatiotemporal resolution in cells.

Long-Term Amelioration Practices Reshape the Soil Microbiome in a Coastal Saline Soil and Alter the Richness and Vertical Distribution Differently Among Bacterial, Archaeal, and Fungal Communities.

Globally soil salinity is one of the most devastating environmental stresses affecting agricultural systems and causes huge economic losses each year. High soil salinity causes osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance and ion toxicity to plants and severely affects crop productivity in farming systems. Freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching techniques were successfully developed in our previous study to desalinize costal saline soil.

One-Step Enzymatic Labeling Reveals a Critical Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Cell-Cycle Progression and DNA Damage Response.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a ubiquitous post-translational modification of proteins that is essential for cell function. Perturbation of O-GlcNAcylation leads to altered cell-cycle progression and DNA damage response. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.