Beyond clinical data: the role of sewage monitoring in tracking pandemic trends of SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a global crisis that has impacted not only health care systems, but also economies and societies. The constraints in clinical testing provide challenges in reliably assessing the prevalence of variations, particularly in regions with limited resources, testing, and sequencing capabilities. Sewage-based epidemiology uses SARS-CoV-2 in sewage as an indicator, can monitor and provide early warning of viral transmission in communities, thereby informing response strategies.

Silver-Catalyzed Unusual Cyclization and Skeletal Rearrangement to Selectively Synthesize 2D Benzo[]fluorenones and 3D Barbaralone Rings.

A silver-catalyzed strategy that divergently constructs either planar benzo[]fluorenones or three-dimensional barbaralones from common alkynol precursors, governed solely by ligand and silver salt, is reported. This protocol enables rapid molecular complexity enhancement (up to a 91% yield). In addition, mechanistic studies suggest that the alkalinity of silver salt is the key point to distinguish the two types of reaction and binuclear silver complexes would be more likely to be a transition state rather than the radical species.

Tunable Copolymerization of Oxetane and Anhydrides via a Nonsymmetric Three-Center Four-Electron Iodine Activation Mode.

The copolymerization of low-strain cyclic ethers, such as oxetane and anhydrides, still presents opportunities for improving compositional control in polymer synthesis. In this study, we report a halogen-bond catalysis platform based on a nonsymmetric three-center four-electron ([O···I···O]) iodine activation mode that enables highly selective and tunable copolymerization of oxetane and anhydride. This active catalytic structure mediates oxetane insertion through a dynamic equilibrium between nonsymmetric and symmetric iodine-carboxylate complexes ([O_···I···O_] versus [O_···I···O_]), thereby regulating ester and ether linkage ratio.

Irregular Terpenoids From the Medicinal Herb Gentianella pygmaea.

Three new irregular terpenoids, gentianellins A-C (1-3), along with two known analogues (4 and 5), were isolated from the whole plants of the medicinal herb Gentianella pygmaea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR and HRMS) and quantum chemical calculations. Moderate anti-inflammatory activity of the new isolates was observed via suppressing the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.

Application of the ADEM definition to cerebral attacks of MOG antibody-associated disease.

Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating syndrome observed in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) but there are limited data on application of this definition to its cerebral attacks or in adults with this disease.

Methods: We analyzed patients from the Mayo Clinic MOGAD cohort ( = 263) with cerebral attacks. We assessed whether children (<18 years-old) and adults (⩾18 years-old) fulfilled the 2013 ADEM definition.

Perspective and consideration in the application of personalized reference intervals based on biological variation: a four-month observation of a woman with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.

This study aimed to investigate potential benefit of personalized reference intervals (prRIs) by conducting a four-month observation of a woman with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Two types of prRIs were calculated: one derived from the population biological variation (BV) data provided by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) biological variation database (prRIs_), and the other derived from individual variation data (prRIs_). These were subsequently compared.

Simulation study on supercontinuum broadening based on the BIC model: publisher's note.

This publisher's note reports corrections to Appl. Opt.63, 8851 (2024)APOPAI0003-693510.

FBXO2 Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Dual Mechanisms: Activating PINK1-Parkin Mitophagy and Ubiquitinating LCN2 to Suppress Ferroptosis.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a leading cause of chronic low back pain, arises from nucleus pulposus (NP) cell dysfunction due to oxidative stress-induced mitophagy impairment and ferroptosis, though regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. F-box only protein 2 (FBXO2), a Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10)-regulated F-box protein, is downregulated in degenerated human NP tissues and correlates with disease severity. Overexpression of FBXO2 restores extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis by promoting matrix component synthesis and inhibiting catabolic enzymes, while its knockdown exacerbates ECM degradation.

Loss of pulmonary tissue protection and neutrophil microbicidal defects promote severe infection during influenza A virus infection.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe fungal disease caused by () that may spread hematogenously to extrapulmonary organs. IPA is typically associated with a broad spectrum of immunocompromised conditions and constitutes a high mortality rate. While the association of influenza as a risk for secondary bacterial infections is well appreciated, emerging evidence indicates that influenza-hospitalized patients demonstrate increased susceptibility to severe aspergillosis infection.

The mediating effect of quality of life between family support and advance care planning readiness of older adult patients with chronic diseases.

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of quality of life (QoL) between family support and advance care planning (ACP) readiness among older adult patients with chronic diseases, thereby providing evidence for nursing administrators to strengthen family support and promote ACP preparedness.

Methods: From November 2024 to February 2025, a total of 262 older adult patients with chronic diseases were recruited via convenience sampling from seven tertiary hospitals located in Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, and Hubei provinces. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) scale, the Family Support Scale, and the Advance Care Planning Readiness Scale.

Material properties and progress in modification of hydrogel-based self-expandable poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement.

Although traditional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements have been widely used in clinical practice, they are beset with many inherent drawbacks such as high polymerization heat, weak osteoinductive and osteoconductive ability, low bioactivity, volumetric shrinkage upon solidification, , which significantly limit its clinical application prospects. Chemical or physical modification of PMMA matrix to regulate its material properties has become a research hotspot in the field of bone tissue repair. Self-expandable PMMA bone cement (SBC) is a novel bone cement developed by copolymerizing PMMA matrix with hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, They are of high bioactivity and adjustable mechanical properties, along with excellent volumetric swelling capability due to the spontaneous water absorption in body fluids.

Multimodal Sensing Smart Skin System for Wide-Range and High-Sensitivity Stress Detection.

In natural environments, mechanical stress interactions manifest across multiple orders of magnitude in intensity. Conventional single-mechanism mechanical sensors exhibit constrained dynamic detection ranges, presenting fundamental limitations in concurrently resolving both subtle stresses and high-intensity impacts with optimal sensitivity. This inherent constraint necessitates the development of synergistic multitransduction sensing architectures combining triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), mechanoluminescent (ML) materials, and piezoelectric materials to achieve biomimetic smart skin systems with broad-spectrum responsiveness.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity in Differentiation Trajectory and Tumor Microenvironment Leading to More Aggressive Phenotypes of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Children and Young Adult Patients.

The tumor ecosystem heterogeneity of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly characterized in children and young adult patients (CAYA-PTC). In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing is used to profile transcriptomes from the paratumor and tumor tissues of 11 patients. Compared to adult, CD4T_Tfh and CD8T_Tex cells are significantly more prevalent in CAYA-PTC patients.

Management of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer in children and young adolescents: experiences from a multicenter cohort in China.

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most common postoperative complications of total thyroidectomy (TT) in children and young adolescents differentiated thyroid cancer (CAYA-DTC). Due to lack of data in Chinese population, we aimed to investigate their incidence of transient/permanent hypoparathyroidism and relevant clinical risk factors.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort of CAYA-DTC patients who underwent TT was launched in three tertiary hospitals in China.

Plant defense-directed discovery of a natural anti-psoriasis agent targeting GAPDH.

Elucidating the ecological functions of natural products in plant adaptive mechanisms is an emerging means of discovering lead compounds. Here, we show an undescribed plant glandular trichome-specific defense sesterterpenoid, leucosceptrine F (leu-F), exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory activity by modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Leu-F irreversibly binds to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a cross-kingdom glycolytic enzyme and a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.

A transferrin-targeted nanoplatform for MRI-guided visualization and potent suppression of tumors and pulmonary metastatic lesions.

While targeted theranostics for cancer remains a pivotal research frontier, conventional ligand conjugation strategies exhibit persistent limitations in off-target accumulation and suboptimal tumor specificity, ultimately failing to achieve reliable detection of early-stage lesions or metastatic nodules while demonstrating insufficient therapeutic payload delivery. In this study, the manganese sulfide (MnS) nanoplatform was synthesized using transferrin (Tf) with tumor-targeting properties as a carrier by a simple fabrication method. Notably, compared to clinically prevalent Gd-based contrast agents, Tf-MnS exhibited superior -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast performance, with the longitudinal relaxation () reaching 7.

Gender stereotypes and female exercise behavior: mediating roles of psychological needs and negative emotions.

Introduction: Integrating Expectancy-Value Theory, Basic Psychological Needs Theory, and Social Identity Theory, this study aims to examine the impact of gender stereotypes on female exercise behavior and to test the chain mediation effects of psychological needs satisfaction in exercise and negative exercise emotions.

Methods: The study uses adapted scales for gender stereotypes, psychological needs satisfaction in exercise, exercise-related emotions, and exercise behavior to survey 790 women in China.

Results: The results show that gender stereotypes are significantly negatively associated with female exercise behavior.

Transferrin-Targeted Nanoarchitectonics with Efficient Metastasis Inhibition Enabling Tumor T-T Dual-Mode Magnetic Resonance Contrast Enhancement.

The development of T-T dual-mode contrast agents is expected to improve cancer diagnostic capabilities in response to the limitation of traditional single-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this study, a pH-responsive dual-mode MRI nanoprobe, FeO@MnS-transferrin (FMT), is prepared with the objective of augmenting tumor visualization and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). FMT achieved precise tumor targeting by binding to transferrin receptors on cancer cells via the transferrin molecules on their surface.

Nematocidal activity of the oomycete Lagenidium juracyae against pine wood nematode.

Background: Pine wilt disease is a global quarantine disease caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. It has been the most serious forest disease in recent decades globally; however, no approved countermeasures have been developed. Existing nematocidal biocontrol agents are derived mainly from fungi and bacteria, and research on oomycete nematocidal agents is rare.

Myeloid MAS-driven macrophage efferocytosis promotes resolution in ischemia-stressed mouse and human livers.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is an inevitable detrimental event after liver transplantation. The MAS receptor plays a protective role in various diseases. However, the specific roles of MAS in myeloid cell innate immunity and the maintenance of hepatic tissue homeostasis remain unclear.

SIRT5-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with antioxidant polydopamine nanozyme enhance parpi resistance in ovarian cancer via fatty acid metabolism reprogramming.

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most aggressive cancers, and resistance to Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) poses a major therapeutic challenge. SIRT5, a NAD + -dependent desuccinylase, plays a crucial role in regulating fatty acid metabolism, which is often reprogrammed in cancer cells to promote drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the potential of polydopamine (PDA)-polymerized antioxidant nanozyme-loaded SIRT5-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to overcome PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer.

Ang II-induced oscillation of clock genes can attenuate phenotypic transformation in vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the AT1R/PLC/Ca/PKC/p-CREB pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the role of clock genes Per1/Per2 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic transformation and the underlying mechanisms. Primary rat VSMCs were treated with Ang, valsartan or other inhibitors. Assays included PCR, Western blot (Per1, Per2, p-MLC, p-CREB, AT1R), cell viability (MTT, Ki67, binuclear count), cell cycle, calcium and IP3.

Advanced workflow for time-lapse seismic monitoring of [Formula: see text] storage in saline aquifers with its application in a field basin.

Accurately characterizing [Formula: see text] sequestration and migration post-injection is crucial to the success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Time-lapse seismic monitoring technique is an effective tool; however, it can only reveal changes in elastic properties such as compressional wave velocity ([Formula: see text]) and quality factor ([Formula: see text]). In contrast, reservoir simulation enables detailed tracking of fluid movement within the reservoir, allowing for precise simulation of [Formula: see text] saturation.

Spectrum prediction and inverse design of metasurfaces via transfer learning based on material similarity.

Spectrum prediction and inverse design of metasurfaces based on deep learning have been a hot research topic. The dependence of deep learning on data is a major challenge for its widespread application in the field of metasurfaces. In this letter, we proposed a transfer learning method based on material similarity to accomplish spectrum prediction and the inverse design of metasurfaces.