Astrocytic Mettl14 depletion enhances cognitive function by attenuating astrogliosis via the DUSP1/MAPK pathway in APP/PS1 mice: targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, represents a critical unmet global medical need. While the precise mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain elusive, increasing evidence underscores the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in driving cognitive impairment. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an epigenetic modification regulating RNA metabolism, has been found to be dysregulated in AD.

Automatic Differentiation is Essential in Training Neural Networks for Solving Differential Equations.

Neural network-based approaches have recently shown significant promise in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in science and engineering, especially in scenarios featuring complex domains or incorporation of empirical data. One advantage of the neural network methods for PDEs lies in its automatic differentiation (AD), which necessitates only the sample points themselves, unlike traditional finite difference (FD) approximations that require nearby local points to compute derivatives. In this paper, we quantitatively demonstrate the advantage of AD in training neural networks.

Dietary Citrate Restores Age-Related Endothelial Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alleviates Atherosclerosis.

Vascular aging increases the susceptibility to cardio-cerebrovascular conditions, such as atherosclerotic diseases and hypertension, the leading causes of global disability and mortality. Dietary citrate extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as improves the memory of mice injured by a high-fat diet (HFD); whether it alleviates vascular aging and age-related vascular diseases; however, remains unknown. Here, we showed that dietary supplementation of citrate delayed vascular aging, as evidenced by maintaining the integrity of elastic fibers and decreasing the level of the aging-related marker, CDKN1A (p21).

A review of the participation of DDIT4 in the tumor immune microenvironment through inhibiting PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway.

DDIT4 (DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 4), a well-established inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway, is upregulated under cellular stress conditions. Extensive research has demonstrated that DDIT4 expression is aberrantly elevated in various malignancies, where it exhibits context-dependent roles in either tumor promotion or suppression. However, the mechanisms underlying how DDIT4 is involved in tumor immune regulation remain to be fully elucidated.

MXene-Powered Terahertz Metamaterials as a Real-Time Biosensing Platform for In Vivo Thrombus Monitoring.

Precise, timely, and personalized in vivo thrombus monitoring is critical for improving the treatment effectiveness and clinical outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has become increasingly important as a novel tool in biomedical engineering due to its rapid analysis ability, high temporal resolution, and label-free measurement modality. However, achieving high thrombus sensing performance in real blood environments remains a significant challenge.

A chromosomal-level genome assembly of Omiodes indicata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Omiodes indicata, a significant pest of legumes, impacts food security in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas Asia. However, the lack of high-quality genomes has limited our understanding of the ecology of O. indicata.

A Sandwich-Type Impedimetric Immunosensor for the Detection of Tau-441 Biomarker.

The human Tau protein stands for one of the most conspicuous and crucial hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, along with other tauopathies. However, the assay for direct detection of tiny Tau protein concentrations in human samples continues to pose a significant challenge for the early diagnosis of AD. Thus, an amplification-based strategy is required.

Molecular Duality of OGG1: From Genomic Guardian to Redox-Sensitive Modulator in Diseases.

Inflammation, malignant tumors, and age-related disorders are all associated with oxidative DNA damage. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which recognizes and repairs intracellular oxidative damage, was initially thought to play a pivotal role in cellular repair of such damage. However, a growing body of evidence now indicates that OGG1 not only participates in DNA oxidative damage repair but also possesses transcription factor activity, closely linked to the development and progression of oxidative DNA damage-related diseases.

The performance of ChatGPT on medical image-based assessments and implications for medical education.

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT (OpenAI) have garnered significant attention for their potential in fields such as medical education; however, their performance of large language and vision models on medical test items involving images remains underexplored, limiting their broader educational utility. This study aims to evaluate the performance of GPT-4 and GPT-4 Omni (GPT-4o), accessed via the ChatGPT platform, on image-based United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) sample items, to explore their implications for medical education.

Methods: We identified all image-based questions from the USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge sample item sets.

Degradation Mechanisms and Intelligent Recognition of PTFE Triboelectric Performance under Hygrothermal Cycling Environment.

In this study, we systematically investigate the triboelectric performance degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) under high-low temperature cycling and humidity variations, a critical yet underexplored challenge in extreme environmental applications. Under accelerated aging conditions spanning 0-300 thermal cycles and 0-90% RH, PTFE films demonstrated progressively worsening electrical output, their short-circuit current declining steadily from 7.2 to 4.

Application of four-section approach for prenatal diagnosis of Pierre robin sequence.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the four-section approach using two-dimensional sonography in diagnosing Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) during second-trimester screening.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on low-risk pregnant women undergoing routine mid-trimester screening. Cases with suspected micrognathia prenatally were included and examined using the four-section approach.

Physical protection by soil aggregates drives carbon gains in mangrove restoration: Evidence from coastal aquaculture ponds.

Mangrove wetlands are vital carbon sinks, yet their area has sharply declined due to aquaculture. To evaluate soil carbon stock recovery, we analyzed six pond-to-mangrove restoration sites along China's southeastern coast, assessing changes in carbon components and their drivers. Restoration increased soil water content, salinity, and total nitrogen while reducing pH and bulk density.

Dependability of Large Language Models in Cardiovascular Medicine: A Scoping Review.

Background: The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in both clinical and consumer healthcare settings has surged exponentially. However, there remains limited evidence on their reliability and impact in cardiovascular practice.

Objectives: This scoping review was designed to consolidate the existing biomedical literature on applicability, reliability, and quality improvement strategies for the integration of LLMs into the cardiovascular domain.

A branched hydrogen-bonded cross-linking fluorine-free waterborne binder for highly stable lithium-ion battery.

Binders are key components for maintaining the structural integrity of electrodes and improving electrochemical stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Currently, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) serves as the main binder of LIBs, but suffer a number of drawbacks, including its high fluorine content, the use of organic toxic solvents (N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP) during processing, poor weak adhesion, low mechanical flexibility and non-recyclability. To address the shortcomings of PVDF binder, herein, a fluorine-free, waterborne binder acrylamide (AM) and itaconic (IA) acid grafted carboxylated chitosan (CS) copolymer (CMA), featuring a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded cross-linking network, is proposed.

Advance in the extraction, characterization, bioactivities, and application prospects of konjac oligosaccharide: A comprehensive review.

Konjac has garnered significant attention for its dual roles in medicinal and nutritional applications, with konjac oligosaccharide (KOS) emerging as a bioactive compound of particular interest. KOS exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including laxative, immunomodulatory, glucolipid metabolism regulatory, antioxidative, antifatigue, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and prebiotic effects. Despite advances in its extraction, purification, and characterization, a deeper understanding of its structural properties and mechanisms of action remains essential.

Cardiac β2 adrenergic receptor deletion drives calmodulin kinase II upregulation to induce connection tissue growth factor in cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction.

Abnormalities of Ca2+ signaling in the heart lead to common cardiac remodeling in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. The activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is regulated by elevated intracellular Ca2+ level in cardiomyocytes, driving the progression of myocardial dysfunction. In this study, using models of β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) deficiency in cardiomyocytes (β2AR-CKO), we observed an increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and upregulation of gene expression and protein level of the fibrotic marker connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the myocytes.

Nickel-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of Aldehydes with 2-Azadienes.

The development of new methods for the utilization of aldehydes has garnered much attention because their addition products, chiral alcohols, are common structural elements in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite significant progress in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of secondary allylic alcohols, the synthesis of derivatives bearing amino functionalities remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly regio- and enantioselective nickel-catalyzed direct hydrovinylation of aldehydes with 2-azadienes, delivering a series of 2-azadiene-substituted alcohols in good yields (up to 96%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 99%) under mild conditions.

Rapid and Early Detection of Bacteremia and In Situ Elimination by Graphene Hybrid Terahertz Metasurfaces with CuS Nanoparticles.

Currently, clinical culture methods for bacterial detection suffer from a long detection time and low sensitivity, which are insufficient to satisfy the requirements for rapid diagnosis of bacteremia. Here, we fabricated terahertz metal-graphene hybrid metasurfaces (THz MGHM) coupled with polyethylenimine-modified CuS nanoparticles (PEI@CuS NPs) for ultrasensitive detection and in situ inactivation of pathogenic bacteria. To obtain a strong light localization effect based on the bound state in the continuum (BIC), the MGHM consists of a symmetry-broken complementary metal elliptical hole array and a monolayer of graphene covering the surface.

Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Applied During the Post-Anesthesia Recovery Period in Improving Postoperative Recovery Quality After Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to enhance postoperative recovery. However, its application during the post-anesthesia recovery period remains underexplored. This study investigated the impact of TEAS during the post-anesthesia recovery period on postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.

Signaling by intracellular β-adrenergic receptors regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.

Signaling by norepinephrine (NE) via adrenergic receptors (ARs) mediates attention, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) form a complex with βARs, G, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A (PKA) to augment AMPAR phosphorylation and, thereby, surface expression. We show that signaling by intracellular βARs is required for these effects and two different forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) that depend on βAR signaling and phosphorylation of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit on S845.

Identification and mechanism of skin soothing and barrier-improving components in extract.

is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory skin disorders. This study screened bioactive fractions from ethanolic extract with anti-inflammatory and skin barrier-improving effects. A flavonoid-rich fraction (BP-F4) significantly inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the monocyte activation marker CD86 in an skin inflammation model (TNF-α-induced co-culture of HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes), while an alkaloid fraction (BP-Alkaloids) promoted ceramide production in HaCaT cells as demonstrated by lipidomics.

Advances in Biliary Disease Organoid Research: From Model Construction to Clinical Applications.

The biliary system is vital to hepatobiliary function, yet diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis, and cholangiocarcinoma remain poorly understood due to the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and animal models, which fail to replicate complex human biliary physiology. Biliary organoids, an innovative three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model, have emerged to bridge this gap, closely mimicking tissue structure and function. This review systematically summarizes the construction methods of biliary organoids-matrix-independent methods and matrix-dependent methods, as well as tissue engineering-based strategies, such as bioprinting and microfluidics-and cell sources, including primary tissues, pluripotent stem cells, and tumor-derived cells.

Aldehyde Oxidase 1 Deficiency Enhances Aerobic Exercise Performance by Promoting Skeletal Muscle Adaptation and Improving Mitochondrial Function.

Aerobic exercise has significant health benefits, including preventing chronic diseases like sarcopenia. It strongly depends on muscle fiber types, with higher oxidative fiber ratios enhancing endurance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying aerobic exercise capacity remain incompletely understood.