Physical and chemical properties of exopolysaccharide obtained from whey fermentation by DF60Mi.

The use of whey as an alternative culture medium for fermentation by lactic bacteria enables generating new products exopolysaccharide (EPS) and avoids environmental and economic damage. This work aimed to characterize the exopolysaccharide obtained from whey fermentation (EPS-LN60) by DF60Mi to identify its physical and chemical properties. The EPS was characterized in terms of total sugar, protein, yield, FTIR, thermogravimetry, calorimetry, monosaccharide composition, optical microscopy and SEM.

Advances in hemocytes regeneration of aquatic invertebrates: Mechanisms and implications.

Hematopoiesis is the process responsible for the generation of blood cells in both the circulation and tissues. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and defending against infections in animals. Although hematopoiesis is a common feature among animals with a circulatory system, the specific mechanisms involved in hematopoietic events vary significantly among invertebrates.

Nanoplastics reshape lipid metabolism in marine microalgae with potential ecological consequence.

Nanoplastics (NPs) in marine ecosystems have garnered increasing attention for their interference with the physiological processes of aquatic organisms. An in-depth examination of the toxicological responses of Nannochloropsis oceanica, a species vital to marine ecosystems, is essential due to the crucial role of lipid metabolism in carbon sequestration and energy allocation in microalgae. This study analyzed the toxicological responses of N.

Unraveling the GHG emission patterns of inland waters in China: impact of water body types, aquatic plant life forms, and water temperature.

Inland water ecosystems play key roles in the production, transportation, transformation, storage, and consumption of global greenhouse gases (GHG). Different water body types exhibit spatial and temporal differences after considering factors such as season and aquatic plant life forms. The results revealed that the annual global warming potential (GWP) (Tg CO-eq yr) from swamps, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in China were 1382.

Filamentous Microalgae Screening for Carotenoid and Lipid Production: A Promising Candidate with High Ammonium Tolerance for Wastewater Treatment.

High-ammonium wastewater can be simultaneously remediated and valorized through phototrophic cultivation of stress-resilient microalgae. This study evaluated the growth performance of 16 microalgae strains (specific growth rate μ = 0.108-0.

Connexin43 and Its Regulation of Astrocyte Gap Junction Function: Influencing Depression Progression by Mediating Electrical and Chemical Signals.

Background: Depression is a common mental illness with a high relapse rate, which has a serious negative impact on national economic development and happiness. At present, the pathogenesis of depression is still unclear, and there are inevitable limitations in first-line clinical treatment. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the pathological mechanism of depression for the development of safe and effective antidepressants.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Granzyme K CD8 T Cells as a Target for Mitigating Plaque Instability Following Radiation.

Background: Cardiac issues following radiotherapy are increasingly prevalent among patients with thoracic cancer and coronary disease. However, the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced plaque instability and changes in plaque characteristics on imaging remain unclear. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key features of vulnerable plaques following radiotherapy.

Asymmetric Triple Helical Nonbenzenoid Nanographenes with Controllable Helicene Lengths.

Helical nanographenes (NGs) play a crucial role in the development of chiral nanomaterials due to their distinctive optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of two unprecedented azulene-embedded asymmetric triple helical NGs ( and ) with controllable helicene subunit lengths and π-extension. The crystallographic analysis confirms their highly twisted and asymmetric geometries.

Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Zero and ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) is an NMR modality where experiments are performed in fields at which spin-spin interactions within molecules and materials are stronger than Zeeman interactions. This typically occurs at external fields of microtesla strength or below, considerably smaller than Earth's field. In ZULF NMR, the measurement of spin-spin couplings and spin relaxation rates provides a nondestructive means for identifying chemicals and chemical fragments, and for conducting sample or process analyses.

Characterization of a hyaluronic acid utilization locus and identification of hyaluronate lyases in human gut bacterium Enterococcus faecalis F1221.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a linear glycosaminoglycan, serves as a key structural constituent of extracellular matrices, participating in diverse biological processes across both normal physiological and pathological contexts. While the gut microbiota exerts a pivotal influence on HA utilization within the human body, current scientific literature indicates a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction. In this study, a gut bacterium Enterococcus faecalis F1221 has been isolated, which demonstrated the ability to degrade HA.

Enhancing nitrogen management in aerated landfills: Quantifying fungal contributions to nitrification using a model-based approach.

Effective nitrogen management is critical for minimizing environmental risks in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. In-situ aeration has emerged as a practical strategy to accelerate waste stabilization and improve nitrogen stabilization. However, the role of fungi in regulating nitrogen transformation processes-particularly nitrification-remains insufficiently understood.

Robust dehydrofluorination of HFC-245fa to HFO-1234ze VOFx formation over a non-oxalic acid assisted VO/γ-AlO catalyst.

The demand for trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene [HFO-1234ze(E)] as a next-generation, low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerant is rising due to international restrictions on high-GWP refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Catalytic dehydrofluorination of HFC-245fa offers a viable synthesis route for the production of HFO-1234ze(E), but the catalyst degradation under harsh acidic conditions remains a major challenge. In this study, a highly stable γ-AlO supported catalyst was developed for efficient dehydrofluorination with vanadium species exhibiting the highest activity among the screened metal ions Ni, V, Zn, La, Fe, Mn and Cu.

MyoAnalyst: an ImageJ plugin for accurate and automatic myofiber segmentation and analysis in skeletal muscle cross sections.

Quantifying myofiber size is essential for assessing the health and function of skeletal muscle. Although several ImageJ plugins are currently available for myofiber segmentation and size quantification, significant challenges remain-most notably limited accuracy and poor compatibility with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained skeletal muscle cross sections. In this study, we introduce MyoAnalyst, an ImageJ plugin designed to enable automated analysis of both immunofluorescence (IF)- and H&E-stained skeletal muscle cross sections.

Tailoring LaBO (B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskite oxides for methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts.

The crossover of methanol from the anode to the cathode presents a significant challenge, adversely affecting the efficacy of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) by poisoning the cathode catalyst. Here, LaBO (B = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskite oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method, followed by calcination, are shown to represent a compelling solution to this challenge by effectively reducing the methanol crossover effect and concurrently improving the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and XPS analyses reveal the establishment of phase-pure LaMnO, LaFeO, LaCoO, and LaNiO, perovskite oxides.

Identification of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor-resistance mutations, T78I, N85K/S, and H151R, in the gene in the tomato leaf mold pathogen, .

Tomato leaf mold caused by is a significant disease in tomato production. We isolated several types of boscalid-resistant isolates in the Gifu and Mie Prefectures of Japan. Sequencing analysis of succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) subunits B, C, and D genes strongly indicated that four amino acid substitutions-T78I, N85K, N85S, and H151R in SdhC-conferred boscalid resistance.

Using preprocessed datasets to construct and interpret multiclass identification models.

Introduction: Image and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data are widely used for constructing analytical models in precision agriculture. While model interpretation can provide valuable insights for quality control and improvement, the inherent ambiguity of individual image pixels or spectral data points often hinders practical interpretability when using raw data directly. Furthermore, the presence of imbalanced datasets can lead to model overfitting and consequently, poor robustness.

Genome-wide identification of in and the role of in rubber biosynthesis.

Oliv., a Tertiary period relict tree species endemic to China, is a rubber-producing plant valued for both medicinal and edible applications. rubber is a high-quality natural rubber prized for its excellent elasticity, abrasion resistance, and insulation properties, leading to broad industrial applications.

Hepatitis Virus Infection Predicts Heterogeneous Enhancement Patterns in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Retrospective Radiological Cohort Study.

Background: Chronic hepatitis is a significant risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Accurate identification of hepatitis-associated ICC is critical for optimizing clinical management. This study aimed to differentiate hepatitis-associated ICC from non-hepatitis cases by integrating clinical and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features.

Evaluation zooplankton community and energy transfer efficiency: A case in the coastal waters of Shandong, China.

Zooplankton are sensitive indicators of environmental changes and crucial components of marine food webs, facilitating energy transfer between primary producers and higher trophic levels. This study used ZooScan image analysis to investigate variations in zooplankton abundance and biovolume in Shandong coastal waters during spring (May 2022), summer (August 2022), and winter (December 2022 and February 2023). Functional indices such as taxonomic diversity, the normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS), size diversity, and mean body size were calculated to describe the seasonal dynamics of energy transfer efficiency in zooplankton.

pVHL regulates protein stability of the TCF/LEF transcription factor family via ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays key roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis by controlling cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. TCF/LEF transcription factors play a pivotal role in this pathway, acting as repressors by recruiting co-repressors in the absence of Wnt signals, and as activators via β-catenin binding in the presence of Wnt signaling. While progress has been made in our understanding of Wnt signaling regulation, the underlying mechanism that regulates the protein stability of the TCF/LEF family is far less clear.

HSP90's Function Under Low Temperature Stress.

Molecular chaperones, especially heat shock proteins (HSPs) have vital functions in cells' responses to stress. Here, we cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA encoding HSP90 () from the shrimp . The cDNA comprised 3162 bp, including a 2172 bp coding region encoding a 724 amino acid-protein (predicted molecular mass = 83.

Sunscreen sensory attribute prediction via textural, rheological and tribological tests.

This study aims to find the quick ways to predict sensorial attributes of sunscreens using instrumental measurements. We specifically focus on the attributes most relevant to consumer 'liking' and the easiest measurements to implement in industrial labs for product development. Of the latter, we consider three types of measurements: emulative 'textural' tests typically performed with a texture analyser as well as rheological and tribological measurements.

Serum metabolomic characteristics and their predictive value for ninety-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by severe metabolic disturbances; however, the specific metabolomic features and their predictive value on 90-day prognosis remain unclear.

Aim: To identify serum metabolomic changes in patients with ACLF with different prognoses to support clinical prediction of outcomes and treatment decisions.

Methods: This non-interventional, observational case-control study enrolled 58 patients with ACLF.

Climate-driven expansion of Takayama acrotrocha blooms: First outbreak along the north coast of Shandong, China linked to intense precipitation and warming.

In Summer 2024, a dinoflagellate bloom broke out in the Bohai Sea along the north coast of Shandong peninsula. By approaches of morphological observation, pigment analysis and targeted gene sequencing, the bloom causative species was identified as dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha. The satellite imagery indicated that the bloom lasted from August 24 to September 8, and distributed mainly in the coastal waters extending from the Yellow River estuary to Yantai and Weihai, marking the northward expansion of this algal species along the coast of China.

Development and application of a dual RT-qRPA assay for rapid differentiating of goose astrovirus genotypes 1 and 2.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is an important pathogen causing joint and visceral gout in goslings. Its high incidence and mortality had caused enormous economic losses to the goose farming industry. To achieve the simultaneous and rapid identification and detection of Goose astrovirus genotype 1 (GAstV-1) and genotype 2 (GAstV-2), the present study aimed to design and synthesize specific recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) primers and exo probes targeting the ORF1b gene of GAstV.