Patterns and Processes of Genomic Evolution Inferred From the Ten Smallest Vertebrate Genomes.

Pufferfish exhibit the smallest vertebrate genomes, making them ideal models for investigating evolutionary patterns and processes that affect genome size. While the Takifugu rubripes genome was fully sequenced two decades ago, key evolutionary drivers remain elusive. We sequenced 10 pufferfish genomes and generated 35 transcriptomes and 13 methylomes to understand genomic evolutionary mechanisms.

5-HMF plays an intervention role in ischemic stroke by regulating GluR2 to improve mitochondrial function and promote angiogenesis.

Introduction: 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) is a furan compound with a molecular formula of CHO. Studies have found that 5-HMF has many pharmacological effects, such as improving hemorheology, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and anti-myocardial ischemia. Identifying the preventive effect of 5-HMF against ischemic stroke and its possible mechanism was the aim of this investigation.

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts.

This study employs a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace to explore research trends on the impact of biochar on microplastics (MPs) in soil and water environments. In agricultural soils, MPs reduce crop yield, alter soil properties, and disrupt microbial diversity and nutrient cycling. Biochar, a stable and eco-friendly material, has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating these effects by restoring soil chemistry, enhancing microbial diversity and improving crop productivity.

Graphene/mesoporous carbon/ZIF-derived carbon heterostructures interface-reinforced assembly for capacitive energy storage.

We report the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) graphene/mesoporous carbon/ZIF-derived microporous carbon (G/MC/ZDC-A) heterostructures through an interface-reinforced assembly. This hierarchical architecture synergistically integrates 2D graphene nanosheets with 0D ZDC nanoparticles a mesoporous carbon "binder", effectively mitigating the agglomeration issue while establishing continuous charge transport pathways. When configurated as symmetric supercapacitors with EMIMBF electrolyte, the obtained G/MC/ZDC-A demonstrates decent capacitive performance: a high specific capacitance (240 F g at 0.

Trace water-induced anomalous diffusion in chlorinated imidazolium ionic liquids.

Through molecular dynamics simulations of imidazolium-based ionic liquid-water mixtures, it was found that the trace water leads to an anomalous non-monotonic change in the diffusion coefficients of ionic liquid, characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed that this unusual trend is governed by the weighted hydrogen bond lifetime, reflecting the stability of the hydrogen-bond network, rather than simply the number or energy of hydrogen bonds.

Phosphorus limitation induces membrane lipid remodeling in aquatic phytoplankton.

Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in aquatic ecosystems. Under P-limitation, phytoplankton adapt by remodeling membrane lipids, replacing phospholipids (PLs) with non-P lipids such as sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and betaine lipids (BLs). This mechanism is essential for reevaluating the relationship between phosphate (PO) concentrations and primary productivity.

Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Thiazolyl-Based Compounds Incorporating Bioactive Amide and Hydrazide Groups.

In recent years, the hydrazide skeleton, as a pivotal class of nitrogen-containing structures, has garnered considerable attention in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis owing to its unique chemical versatility and broad-spectrum biological activities. In this study, a series of thiazole-containing benzoylhydrazine derivatives -, -, and - with structural divergence from conventional hydrazide-based molecular frameworks were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal/antioomycete activities. The antifungal/antioomycete assay showed that some of the targeted compounds exhibited remarkable and broad-spectrum antifungal activities.

Apoptosis regulates intestinal regeneration via iPLA2 and EGFL7 signaling in .

Apoptosis preserves organismal homeostasis by selectively eliminating unnecessary or damaged cells, with accumulating evidence also suggesting that it activates regenerative pathways and facilitates tissue remodeling. To date, however, the regulatory mechanisms linking this form of programmed cell death to regeneration remain poorly defined, particularly in evolutionarily basal organisms. Using the sea cucumber ( ) as a model for intestinal regeneration, this study identified robust apoptotic activity across key regenerative stages.

Salmonella enterica in thinly sliced carrots and zucchini survives better at higher temperatures and higher relative humidity conditions.

The global increase in demand for ready-to-eat foods has been accompanied by a concerning rise in salmonellosis outbreaks linked to minimally processed vegetables (MPV). This study evaluated S. enterica survival in minimally processed carrot and zucchini under different combined conditions of temperature (6, 9 and 12 °C) and relative humidity (RH; 75, 85 and 95 %) over 168 h.

E. coli filament buckling modulates Min patterning and cell division.

Bacteria often encounter physico-chemical stresses that disrupt division, leading to filamentation, where cells elongate without dividing. Although this adaptive response improves survival, it also exposes filaments to significant mechanical strain, raising questions about the mechanochemical feedback in bacterial systems. In this study, we investigate how mechanical strain modifies the geometry of bacterial filaments and influences the Min oscillatory system, a reaction-diffusion network central to division in Escherichia coli.

Dynamic and precise electromagnetic levitation of single cells.

The biophysical properties of single cells are crucial for understanding cellular function and behavior in biology and medicine. However, precise manipulation of cells in 3-D microfluidic environments remains challenging, particularly for heterogeneous populations. Here, we present "Electro-LEV," a unique platform integrating electromagnetic and magnetic levitation principles for dynamic 3-D control of cell position during separation.

Independent evolutionary deterioration of the oxygen-transport system in Asian noodlefishes and Antarctic icefishes.

Determination of evolutionary mechanisms underlying innovative traits is crucial for understanding the vast diversity of species and phenotypes. Given their respiratory physiologies, fishes are compelling subjects for evolutionary analysis of the hemoprotein-based oxygen-transport systems. Asian noodlefishes (Osmeriformes: Salangidae) and Antarctic icefishes (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) are examples of fish clades that generally do not express myoglobin or hemoglobin.

AI-Driven Fetal Liver Echotexture Analysis: A New Frontier in Predicting Neonatal Insulin Imbalance.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models in predicting elevated neonatal insulin levels through fetal hepatic echotexture analysis.

Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study analyzed ultrasound images of fetal livers from pregnancies between 37 and 42 weeks, including cases with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, annotated by experts, and converted to segmented masks after quality checks.

The Atlas of the Shell Proteome in Oysters Reveals the Potential Roles of the Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix in Biomineralization.

Shell matrix proteins (SMPs) are fundamental biological macromolecules for mollusk shell formation, yet fewer than 400 SMPs in mollusks have been previously identified, hindering our understanding of how mollusks construct and maintain their shells. Here, we identified 1689 SMPs in the Pacific oyster using three different mass spectrometry techniques, representing a significant methodological advancement in shell proteomics, enabling a 6.52-fold increase in SMP identification compared to previous studies.

Magnetic Platinum-Cobalt Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimics for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers.

Inorganic nanomaterial-based peroxidase mimics have recently emerged as promising alternatives to natural peroxidases for enhancing the detection sensitivity of bioassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among them, magnetically active peroxidase mimics are particularly advantageous due to their ability to facilitate efficient separation and enrichment of target analytes. However, most reported magnetic peroxidase mimics suffer from limited catalytic efficiency and stability.

Diverse marine species convert methylphosphonate to methane.

Unlabelled: Microbial degradation of methylphosphonate (MPn) is an important pathway contributing to the 'methane paradox' in the oxic ocean. spp. are suggested to participate in this process.

Latitudinal-environmental variations driving the local adaptation of stocks along the Chinese coast.

Unlabelled: The distribution of (Euphrasen, 1788) spans a pronounced latitudinal-environmental gradient from the subtropical to the subpolar zones. The species is reported to have multiple stocks along coastal China, exhibiting different spawning behaviors and habitat preferences. Such ecological variations might imply potential genetic divergence and local adaptation.

Immunoenhancing effects of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract on mucosal immunity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Introduction: This study investigated the mucosal immunoadjuvant effects of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract (Gynostemma P.E), the bioactive constituents of , against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

Methods: Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into four groups: a negative control group (intranasal administration of antigen only), a Gynostemma P.

Paravertebral Block versus Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the relative efficacy of paravertebral block (PVB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia and recovery.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PVB and ESPB for postoperative analgesia and recovery were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science-Direct, and Google Scholar, from inception to January 2025. The primary outcome included resting Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 h and quality of recovery (QoR) score in first 24 h.

Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Japanese Chicken () Thigh Meat: Sensory Attributes Distinguishing it from Broiler Chickens.

This study aimed to characterize the sensory attributes of Japanese thigh meat, such as texture, odor, and flavor/taste, and to identify the instrumental parameters that distinguish it from commercial broiler chickens. Six chicken thigh meats were used: one (, 14-week old) and five broilers-three Ross 308 (7, 7, 9-week old), one Hubbard ColorPac (10-week old), and one Hubbard RedBro (10-week old)-from different producers. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted with a trained panel to establish a comprehensive sensory lexicon and quantify attribute intensities of thigh samples cooked in a steam convection oven at 185°C.

Physical and chemical properties of exopolysaccharide obtained from whey fermentation by DF60Mi.

The use of whey as an alternative culture medium for fermentation by lactic bacteria enables generating new products exopolysaccharide (EPS) and avoids environmental and economic damage. This work aimed to characterize the exopolysaccharide obtained from whey fermentation (EPS-LN60) by DF60Mi to identify its physical and chemical properties. The EPS was characterized in terms of total sugar, protein, yield, FTIR, thermogravimetry, calorimetry, monosaccharide composition, optical microscopy and SEM.

Advances in hemocytes regeneration of aquatic invertebrates: Mechanisms and implications.

Hematopoiesis is the process responsible for the generation of blood cells in both the circulation and tissues. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and defending against infections in animals. Although hematopoiesis is a common feature among animals with a circulatory system, the specific mechanisms involved in hematopoietic events vary significantly among invertebrates.

Nanoplastics reshape lipid metabolism in marine microalgae with potential ecological consequence.

Nanoplastics (NPs) in marine ecosystems have garnered increasing attention for their interference with the physiological processes of aquatic organisms. An in-depth examination of the toxicological responses of Nannochloropsis oceanica, a species vital to marine ecosystems, is essential due to the crucial role of lipid metabolism in carbon sequestration and energy allocation in microalgae. This study analyzed the toxicological responses of N.