Enhancing nitrogen management in aerated landfills: Quantifying fungal contributions to nitrification using a model-based approach.

Effective nitrogen management is critical for minimizing environmental risks in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. In-situ aeration has emerged as a practical strategy to accelerate waste stabilization and improve nitrogen stabilization. However, the role of fungi in regulating nitrogen transformation processes-particularly nitrification-remains insufficiently understood.

Distribution patterns and influencing factors of pathogenic microbial communities in household municipal solid waste: A case in Beijing, China.

Household municipal solid waste (MSW) provides a suitable environment for the propagation and emission of pathogens, and revealing their distribution patterns and influencing factors is important for source control of the potential risks. This study analyzed the microbial communities of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in MSW, by collecting both food waste and residual waste samples from a high-density residential area in Beijing for 11 months. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that the microbial diversity differed significantly between food waste and residual waste; however, Weissella and Candida were consistently detected at high proportions.

Analysis of Non-Coding RNAs and N6-Methyladenosine-Modified Genes in Response to flg22 in Grape Immunity.

Grape (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to fungal pathogens and, consequently, severe yield losses. Investigating the immune mechanisms of the disease-resistant Chinese wild grapes is crucial for developing sustainable disease resistance technologies. Here, we conducted whole-transcriptome and methylated-RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing to elucidate the immune defence mechanisms underlying grapevine responses to bacterial flagellin 22 (flg22).

Viral-community-induced antibiotic resistance gene regulation throughout the process of sewage sludge composting and its subsequent application to a phosphate mining wasteland: A three-year, large-scale field study.

The application of sewage sludge compost to phosphate mining wastelands improves soil quality, and provides a viable solution for sludge disposal. However, attention must be paid to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewage sludge. Based on a large-scale field study, we comprehensively profiled the antibiotic resistome throughout the process of sewage sludge composting and its subsequent application to a phosphate mining wasteland.

Enhanced management strategy of synchronous percutaneous biopsy and microwave ablation in patients with lung ground-glass opacities undergoing antithrombotic treatment: a clinical perspective on our experience.

Objective: This retrospective study was conducted to delineate our experience in managing perioperative antithrombotic agents in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy underwent percutaneous biopsy and microwave ablation (B+MWA) for lung ground-glass opacities (GGOs).

Methods: The study comprised 67 patients with GGOs who receiving antithrombotic therapy underwent B+MWA sessions from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022. During the perioperative period, patients who received rivaroxaban as a bridging drug were assigned to Group A, and who interrupted the antithrombotic therapy were assigned to Group B.

Androgen regulates seasonal changes in triglyceride synthesis through the AR-SREBP1-FASN axis in the scented glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).

SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1) plays an important role in maintaining lipid balance in mammals. Previous research showed that androgen significantly regulated the secretion of lipid-rich musky odor substances from the scented glands of muskrats. Our investigation provides insights into the pathways through which androgen induces SREBP1 expression and affects seasonal changes in triglyceride synthesis in muskrat scented glands.

NEXN deficiency leads to dilated cardiomyopathy in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) constitutes a major cause of heart failure, characterized by high mortality rates and a limited availability of effective therapeutic options. A substantial body of evidence indicates that mutations in the Nexilin (NEXN) gene are significant pathogenic contributors to DCM, but the pathogenic mechanism for dilated cardiomyopathy is unclear.

Methods: A human NEXN homozygous knockout cardiomyocyte model was established by combining CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-directed differentiation technology.

Exosomes and their cargo proteins in diagnosis, process and treatment of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of digestive tract. Early diagnosis, process monitoring, and appropriate treatment strategies are crucial to reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes. However, the lack of specific early symptoms and reliable diagnostic markers often leads to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal treatment strategies.

Estrogen protects against postpartum Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by promoting intrahepatic CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg expansion through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HBV-Tg mice.

Introduction: Postpartum hepatitis flares have been commonly described, but the specific mechanism is unclear.

Objectives: Our objective was to explore estrogen's role in postpartum hepatitis flares in HBV transgenic mice.

Methods: The numbers of intrahepatic CD4CD25Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the levels of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 were determined in concanavalin A (Con A)-injected mice with and without estrogen injection postpartum.

Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of edible camellia oil body-based propolis oleogels with growth-factor-like properties.

The eco-friendly fabrication of propolis is one of the key bottlenecks that limit the sustainable development of the bee products processing industry. This study successfully developed a straightforward and environmentally benign camellia oil-based propolis oleogel that leverage the "lipophilic" properties of the growth-factor-like components in propolis. The critical gelation concentration was determined to be 4 %.

Highly Stable Polybenzimidazole Composite Membrane with a Durable Separation Layer by Interfacial Polymerization.

Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization have been widely used for membrane separation. However, the most commonly used polyamide-TFC membranes suffer from relatively low stability due to the hydrolysis of amido bonds in aqueous acidic or alkaline media. Herein, we report a highly stable polybenzimidazole (PBI)-TFC membrane using the interfacial condensation reactions between 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the aqueous phase and benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (BTA) in the organic phase.

Investigation of the Effect of Molecules Containing Sulfonamide Moiety Adsorbed on the FAPbI Perovskite Surface: A First-Principles Study.

First-principles calculations were conducted to examine the impact of three sulfonamide-containing molecules (HNOS, CHNOS, and CHNOS) adsorbed on the FAPbI(001) perovskite surface, aiming to establish a significant positive correlation between the molecular structures and their regulatory effects on the perovskite surface. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the adsorption stability of the three molecules on the two distinct surface terminations. The results show that all three molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the FAPbI(001) surface, with CHNOS demonstrating the most favorable binding stability due to its extended frameworks and multiple electron-donating/withdrawing groups.

Emergence of multidrug resistance and genomic analysis of azithromycin-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from diverse sources in China, 2006-2018.

Azithromycin is commonly recommended for the treatment of invasive salmonellosis, although the emergence of azithromycin resistance has become a new public health issue, it was seldomly investigated in China. This study analyzed 1230 non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates from diverse sources in China (2006-2018), identifying 101 azithromycin-resistant NTS isolated from chicken, pork and human with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 32-64 μg/mL of azithromycin across seven serotypes, primarily ST17 S. Indiana (n = 68) and ST52 S.

A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Visualization of Acetylcholinesterase Flux in the Acute Epileptic Mice Brain.

Neurotransmitter imbalance is an important pathological basis for epilepsy seizures. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a key hydrolase in the cholinergic system directly affects the metabolism of neurotransmitter. Unfortunately, owing to the lack of reliable in situ imaging tools in the brain, the association between AChE and epilepsy has not been fully elucidated yet.

Comparative analysis of Craib and its potential substitutes based on metabolites and pharmacodynamic effect.

Background: Craib (), a traditional treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), faces resource scarcity, leading to the emergence of potential substitutes in the market. Although these potential substitutes have shown properties that alleviate RA-symptoms, their therapeutic equivalence to still requires systematic validation.

Purpose: This study aims to identify suitable potential substitutes for and elucidate their therapeutic mechanisms for RA by conducting comparative analyses of metabolites and pharmacology among these potential substitutes.

Bacterial genome-wide association studies: exploring the genetic variation underlying bacterial phenotypes.

With the continuous advancements in high-throughput genome sequencing technologies and the development of innovative bioinformatics tools, bacterial genome-wide association studies (BGWAS) have emerged as a transformative approach for investigating the genetic variations underlying diverse bacterial phenotypes at the population genome level. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of BGWAS in elucidating genetic determinants of bacterial drug resistance, pathogenicity, host specificity, biofilm formation, and probiotic fermentation characteristics. We systematically summarize the BGWAS workflow, including study design, data analysis pipelines, and the bioinformatics software employed at various stages.

Surface-enhanced confocal Raman microscopy to characterize esophageal cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles and maternal cells.

Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are increasingly recognized as promising biomarkers for human cancers. Rapid detection and classification of esophageal cancer-associated exosomes could significantly improve non-invasive screening for potential patients. This study aims to establish a label-free, direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method to capture characteristic molecular information from both esophageal cancer cells and their corresponding exosomes using confocal Raman microscopy.

Functional analysis of JPH2-knockout cardiomyocytes identifies ECCD as a novel indicator in a human cardiac modelJPH2.

Background: Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) is a vital protein in cardiomyocytes, anchoring T-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes to facilitate excitation-contraction coupling, a process essential for cardiac contractile function. Dysfunction of JPH2 is associated with cardiac disorders such as heart failure; however, prior studies using mouse models or primary human cardiomyocytes are limited by interspecies differences or poor cell viability, respectively. This study aimed to investigate JPH2's role in human cardiac function and disease using a novel stem cell-derived model, while introducing a new indicator to evaluate related cardiac impairments.

The transcription factor bHLH77 promotes the expression of stilbene synthase gene family member STS48 and stilbene biosynthesis by stabilizing MYB15 in Vitis quinquangularis.

Stilbenes are crucial phytoalexins in plants that can protect against pathogenic invasions. Grapevines, in particular, contain significant amounts of stilbenes. The stilbene synthase (STS) genes have been shown to facilitate the accumulation of these stilbenes.

Potential of beef tallow/palm oil blend as Chongqing hotpot oil from a physicochemical and flavor perspective.

Beef tallow is an important raw material in Chongqing hotpot seasoning but raises great concern on health due to the cholesterol issue. Herein, palm oil was expected to replace beef tallow at weight ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 without reducing hotpot flavor. The blending of palm oil to beef tallow effectively decreased cholesterol content to 33.

A new perspective on endometriosis: Integrating eQTL mendelian randomization with transcriptomics and single-cell data analyses.

Endometriosis is caused by the migration of endometrial cells to locations outside the uterine lining. Despite the increasing prevalence of endometriosis, there has been limited research on genetic effects, and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis and to identify new genetic targets for endometriosis by integrating data from gene chips, single-cell mapping, and genome-wide association study databases.

Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofibers loaded with royal jelly by blending electrospinning for potential wound dressings.

This study aimed to fabricate a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) nanofiber loaded with royal jelly (RJ) using blending electrospinning for potential wound dressings. The different PVA/CS ratios in electrospun nanofibers resulted in continuous nanofibers with an average diameter ranging from 219 to 299 nm. The FTIR spectra indicated that RJ was successfully incorporated into the nanofibers through hydrogen bonding with PVA/CS, which was further confirmed by the subsequent TGA experiments.

Dispersive Pd islands-deposited Au nanorods for SERS monitoring of catalytic reaction.

In this study, a bifunctional material with SERS effect and catalytic performance is fabricated in which dispersive Pd islands are deposited on the surface of gold nonorods (AuNR@Pd islands) with the confined modification of surface active sites of AuNRs using 5-iodo salicylic acid (5-ISA), which optimize the performance of bifunctional materials.

Emulsion-coaxial electrospinning: The role of zein as a shell layer in multicore-shell structured nanofibers for bioactive delivery.

Multicore-shell nanofibers were fabricated by integrating emulsion electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning technologies, in which the multicore section of the nanofibers was prepared by electrospinning of gelatin-stabilized emulsions, and the shell layer was coaxially electrospun from zein solution. Coaxial electrospinning of zein helped form emulsion-based electrospun fibers with bead-in-string, spindle-like, and straight morphologies. The hydrogen bonding between gelatin and zein contributed to the enhanced thermal properties of coaxially electrospun nanofibers.

miR3398-VqMYB15 Regulates the Synthesis of Stilbene in Vitis quinquangularis.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop grown worldwide. Grapevine is cultivated extensively in China, and certain wild grapes exhibit excellent resistance to pathogens and stress.