Unveiling DNAPLs solubilization mechanisms: How hydrophobic chain length governs characteristics in novel sugar-based Gemini surfactants.

Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) is an effective strategy for removing dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from contaminated groundwater. While Gemini surfactants possess unique dimeric structures and excellent physicochemical properties, the role of hydrophobic chain length in governing their solubilization performance has not been systematically clarified. Here, five sugar-based anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants (SANG 06, 08, 09, 10, and 13) with different hydrophobic chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated.

Using preprocessed datasets to construct and interpret multiclass identification models.

Introduction: Image and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data are widely used for constructing analytical models in precision agriculture. While model interpretation can provide valuable insights for quality control and improvement, the inherent ambiguity of individual image pixels or spectral data points often hinders practical interpretability when using raw data directly. Furthermore, the presence of imbalanced datasets can lead to model overfitting and consequently, poor robustness.

Pilot-scale evaluation of an efficient salt-free in-situ microemulsion for the remediation of multiple halogenated hydrocarbons-contaminated aquifers.

Previous studies about aquifer flushing mainly focused on middle-phase microemulsions, which posed a risk of downward migration for dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). To address this limitation, our group developed a novel salt-free Winsor Type I microemulsion without the expansion risk of DNAPLs. However, it has not yet been applied at field scale, and the remediation efficiency for multiple DNAPLs remains to be fully evaluated.

A strategy of extracting and purifying the α-terpineol obtained from the biotransformation of limonene.

α-Terpineol, an abundant oxygenated monoterpene compound, shows a varied range of beneficial bioactivities. This study focused on the efficient extraction and purification of α-terpineol from the biotransformation of limonene using DSM 62840 mutant (-overexpressed OE2 strain). The α-terpineol was primarily distributed in the supernatant, with minimal association with the biomass.

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. inhibits the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis by modulating its physiology through multiple mechanisms.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a public health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is a leading cause BSIs.

Review on the sources, distribution and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in global groundwater.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered increasing global attention due to their widespread occurrence in groundwater and the potential health risks to humans. This review aimed to clarify the occurrence and treatment of PFAS in groundwater by summarizing literature published in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 2000 to April 2024. Information on 461 reported PFAS-contaminated groundwater sites was compiled, revealing key characteristics of pollution sources and concentrations.

Development of a scalable and sustainable continuous-flow microreaction process for mononitration of aromatic compounds with high selectivity and yield.

Nitroaromatic compounds are extensively used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. However, traditional synthesis methods often face challenges, including high safety risks, significant environmental pollution, and poor selectivity in mononitration reactions. In this study, we developed an efficient and safe continuous-flow microreaction process for mononitration, which achieves high yield and excellent selectivity.

Day-Night imaging without Infrared Cutfilter removal based on metal-gradient perovskite single crystal photodetector.

Day-Night imaging technology that obtains full-color and infrared images has great market demands for security monitoring and autonomous driving. The current mainstream solution relies on wide-spectrum silicon photodetectors combined with Infrared Cutfilter Removal, which increases complexity and failure rate. Here, we address these challenges by employing a perovskite photodetector based on Pb-Sn alloyed single crystal with a vertical bandgap-graded structure that presents variable-spectrum responses at different biases and extends the infrared detection range close to 1100 nm.

The effectivity and applicability of a novel sugar-based anionic and nonionic Gemini surfactant synthetized for the perchloroethylene-contaminated groundwater remediation.

Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) has effectively removed dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from the contaminated aquifers. However, restricted by structural defects, typical monomeric surfactants undergo precipitation, high adsorption loss, and poor solubilization in aquifers, resulting in low remediation efficiency. In this study, a novel sugar-based anionic and non-ionic Gemini surfactant (SANG) was designed and synthesized for SEAR.

Proteomic characterization of the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic restraint stress mice.

Depression is a prominent contributor to global disability. A growing body of data suggests that depression is associated with the pathophysiology of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mice were subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 3 weeks to create depression models during this investigation.

A correction method for radial distortion and nonlinear response of infrared cameras.

The key feature of non-contact temperature measurement provided by infrared (IR) cameras underpins their versatility. However, the accuracy of temperature measurements with IR cameras depends on imaging quality due to their non-contact nature, such as the lens, body temperature, and measurement environment. This paper addresses the correction of radial distortion and nonlinear response issues in IR cameras.

Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression.

Mitochondria maintain the normal physiological function of nerve cells by producing sufficient cellular energy and performing crucial roles in maintaining the metabolic balance through intracellular Ca homeostasis, oxidative stress, and axonal development. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Damage to the hippocampal neurons is a key component of the plasticity regulation of synapses and plays a critical role in the mechanism of depression.

Cryptotanshinone Reverses Corticosteroid Insensitivity by Inhibition of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-δ in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Corticosteroid insensitivity has become a major barrier in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is known that oxidative stress reduces the expression and activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-2 by activating phosphoinositide-3-kinase-δ(PI3Kδ)/Akt pathway, which is a common mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cryptotanshinone (CPT) can improve corticosteroid sensitivity and to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs.

Effect of hydroxyl on antioxidant properties of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-pyran-4-one to scavenge free radicals.

It is well known that 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-pyran-4-one (DDMP) is usually formed in the Maillard reaction and it contributes to the antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction intermediates. A series of hydroxyl group protected DDMP derivatives were synthesized to further understand the source of antioxidant activity. Antioxidant abilities of the DDMP derivatives were evaluated by scavenging the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS˙), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and galvinoxyl radical, respectively.

Broadband and wide-angle metamaterial absorber based on the hybrid of spoof surface plasmonic polariton structure and resistive metasurface.

Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber with broad and robust absorption performance over wide incident angle range is persistently desired in specific applications. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a broadband and wide-angle metamaterial absorber (MA) based on a hybrid of stereo spoof surface plasmonic polariton (SSPP) structure and planar resistive metasurface. At first, we design a broadband SSPP absorber by adjusting the dispersion and loss of the artificial plasmonic structure (PS) simultaneously.

Aquifer flushing using a SDS/1-butanol based in-situ microemulsion: Performance and mechanism for the remediation of nitrobenzene contamination.

In-situ microemulsion flushing is an effective remediation technology for the removal of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from aquifers. Nitrobenzene (NB) is a typical DNAPL pollutant that is responsible for the serious contamination of many groundwater systems, while its removal using the flushing method has rarely been studied. In this study, bench scale, 1-D column and 2-D tank experiments were conducted to establish an efficient salt-free sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/1-butanol based in-situ microemulsion flushing system for NB contaminated aquifers.

Bidirectional relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent maladjustment.

Introduction: This study explores the longitudinal and bidirectional relations between paternal/maternal psychological control and adolescent maladjustment (i.e., internalizing symptoms, aggression, and association with deviant peers).

Effect of the modification sequence on the reactivity, electron selectivity, and mobility of sulfidated and CMC-stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron.

Dual modification in which carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilization and sulfidation are coupled is an effective strategy to solve the insufficient electron selectivity, reactivity, and mobility of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI). We compared the sulfur content, suspension composition, viscosity, zeta potential, and sedimentation of dual-modified nZVI suspensions synthesized in different modification sequences to analyze the interaction among CMC, the sulfidation reagent, and nZVI. The results show that the dissolved CMC does not take up S, and the CMC coating on the surface does not block S during sulfidation.

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one from maltol and its taste identification.

2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) exists in many foods, and its effect on taste is controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify whether DDMP has bitter taste or not. For this purpose, DDMP was synthesized from maltol instead of from glucose for the first time.

Performance of polymer-enhanced KMnO delivery for remediation of TCE contaminated heterogeneous aquifer: A bench-scale visualization.

The uniform migration of remedial amendments in an aquifer was negatively influenced by medium heterogeneity and the density effect of amendment. This study sought to use a polymer (xanthan) to enhance the uniformity of amendment distribution in contamination zones. Visible tank experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility and performance of xanthan-enhanced KMnO delivery in the simulated aquifer.

Scutellarin exerts protective effects against atherosclerosis in rats by regulating the Hippo-FOXO3A and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.

Atherosclerosis (AS), a progressive disorder, is one of the tough challenges in the clinic. Scutellarin, an extract from Herba Erigerontis, is found to have oxygen-free radicals scavenging effects and antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-AS effects of scutellarin is related to controlling the Hippo-FOXO3A and PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Rosmarinic acid exerts an antagonistic effect on vascular calcification by regulating the Nrf2 signalling pathway.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a process in which calcium phosphate crystals deposit within the intima and middle membrane of the vascular wall. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a common phenolic compound. It possesses antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects.

New Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives and Flavanone Glycoside from the Flowers of and Their Bioactivities.

The flower is widely used in China and Japan as a food, beverage, and medicine for many diseases. In our work, two new caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (), a new flavanone glycoside (), and six reported flavanones (⁻) were isolated and identified from the flowers of . The chemical structures of all isolates were elucidated by the analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with previously reported data.

Ghrelin protects against contact dermatitis and psoriasiform skin inflammation by antagonizing TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Contact dermatitis and psoriasis are skin disorders caused by immune dysregulation, yet much remains unknown about their underlying mechanisms. Ghrelin, a recently discovered novel peptide and potential endogenous anti-inflammatory factor expressed in the epidermis, is involved in skin repair and disease. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and therapeutic effect of ghrelin in both contact dermatitis and psoriasis mouse models induced by oxazolone (OXA) and imiquimod (IMQ), respectively, and in TNF-α-stimulated RAW264.