Differentiating the 2D Passivation from Amorphous Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The introduction of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results. In this study, we compared two fluorinated salts: 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzamidine hydrochloride (4TF-BA·HCl) and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride (4F-BA·HCl) to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films.

mediates the sensitivity to irinotecan toxicity via tryptophan catabolites.

Background: Late-onset diarrhoea remains a poorly managed concern for clinical irinotecan therapy. Although bacterial β-glucuronidases (β-GUS) mediated SN-38 production is prevailingly thought to mediate intestinal toxicity, β-GUS inhibitors confer limited benefits in the clinic.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of endogenous bacterial metabolites in susceptibility to irinotecan toxicity.

Effective SMOTE boost with deep learning for IDC identification in whole-slide images.

Breast cancer is highlighted in recent research as one of the most prevalent types of cancer. Timely identification is essential for enhancing patient results and decreasing fatality rates. Utilizing computer-assisted detection and diagnosis early on may greatly improve the chances of recovery by accurately predicting outcomes and developing suitable treatment plans.

Feasibility of fully automatic assessment of cervical canal stenosis using MRI via deep learning.

Background: Currently, there is no fully automated tool available for evaluating the degree of cervical spinal stenosis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the assessment of cervical spinal stenosis.

Methods: In this retrospective multi-center study, cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans obtained from July 2020 to June 2023 were included.

Integrative Genomics and Phenotypic Profiling Reveal Lacticplantibacillus plantarum BGI-N6 as a Multifunctional Candidate for Dermatological Probiotic Development.

Probiotics and postbiotics are recognized for their potential to benefit skin health, and complete genome analysis serves as a pivotal tool to accelerate the exploration of probiotic functionalities. To investigate this relationship, this study aimed to elucidate the skin-promoting potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGI-N6 (BGI-N6) through integrated genomic analysis and phenotypic analysis. Results indicated that the high-precision complete genome of BGI-N6 comprises 3 257 641 bases with a 45% GC content and 3030 CDSs, involving multiple genes related to carbon source fermentation, gastrointestinal tolerance, and environmental adaptability.

Metabolite Fusion between Breath and Blood Enables More In-Depth Understanding of the Endogenous Metabolome.

Blood is a widely used sample type in metabolomics but often loses volatile compounds during analysis. In contrast, exhaled breath offers a noninvasive and complementary matrix that retains these volatiles. However, the accuracy of metabolite identification in breath remains a key challenge.

High-Performance Thick-Film All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Blade-Coating Process Assisted by a Direct Nonuniform Electric Field.

The incorporation of thick active layers (>300 nm) is an essential requirement for wide-scale industrial production of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is still challenging to achieve efficient thick film devices, in particular for all-polymer OSCs, which are generally considered the most stable type of OSCs. In this study, a simple yet effective method is introduced by using a direct current (DC) field to manipulate the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films within all-polymer OSCs during a blade coating process.

20.64% Efficient and Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells via Thermodynamic-Engineered Interlayer Diffusion and Exciton Generation.

Despite thermodynamics playing a central role in active-layer optimization, unresolved temperature-dependent mechanisms hinder further efficiency improvements in organic solar cell. Herein, real-time thermal imaging is employed to unravel the temperature-controlled assembly dynamics during sequential processing (SqP) of active-layer films on a hot-substrate (HS). The HS process provides higher temperature and prolonged heating time for the active layer during SqP compared to the widely adopted hot-solution technique, enabling accelerated liquid-phase reorganization and nucleation in the bottom layer.

4-Hydroxychalcone Inhibits Human Coronavirus HCoV-OC43 by Targeting EGFR/AKT/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway.

Human coronaviruses are a group of viruses that continue to threaten human health. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of 4-hydroxychalcone (4HCH), a chalcone derivative, against human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. We found that 4HCH significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect, reduced viral protein and RNA levels in infected cells, and increased the survival rate of HCoV-OC43-infected suckling mice.

Continuous Monitoring with AI-Enhanced BioMEMS Sensors: A Focus on Sustainable Energy Harvesting and Predictive Analytics.

Continuous monitoring of environmental and physiological parameters is essential for early diagnostics, real-time decision making, and intelligent system adaptation. Recent advancements in bio-microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) sensors have significantly enhanced our ability to track key metrics in real time. However, continuous monitoring demands sustainable energy supply solutions, especially for on-site energy replenishment in areas with limited resources.

InP Quantum Dots with a Strain-Engineered Gradient Shell for Enhanced Optical Performance and Stability.

InP quantum dots have emerged as a promising ecofriendly alternative to cadmium-based QDs for next-generation display applications. However, red-emitting InP QDs synthesized via aminophosphine precursors still suffer from broad emission spectra and limited stability. In this study, we present a strain-engineered InP/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS QD structure featuring a gradient alloyed ZnSeS shell that effectively mitigates lattice mismatch, reduces strain accumulation, and enhances shell uniformity.

Modular RCA-CRISPR/Cas12a amplification on a multi-volume SlipChip for ultrafast, single-copy quantification of circRNA and miRNA in ovarian cancer.

The aberrant expression of RNAs in ovarian cancer (OC) progression highlights their potential as clinical biomarkers. However, rapid and accurate quantification of these RNAs in biosamples remains a significant challenge. In this study, we develop a modular isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA)-activated Cas12a loop-enhanced (MIRACLE) amplification method for circRNA and miRNA quantification without the need of reverse transcription.

Tailored Crystallization and Defect Control via Acetamide Derivatives for Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells.

Tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising lead-free alternative, attracting significant research interest owing to their reduced toxicity and excellent optoelectronic characteristics. However, their photovoltaic performance is severely restrained by the uncontrollable crystallization process and the resultant high defect density in the perovskite films. To address these issues, two acetamide derivatives, i.

MXene-Based Oxygen Electrocatalysts: Mechanistic Insights, Property Tuning Strategies, and Prospects toward Practical Applications.

MXene delivers promising features that are highly compatible with oxygen electrocatalysis, such as excellent electroconductivity, high specific surface area, superhydrophilicity, and tailorable chemically functionalized surfaces, thus being recognized as the ideal platform for developing high-performance catalysts for practical applications in industrial devices. A comprehensive understanding of oxygen catalytic mechanism on MXene ontology and a systematic refining of the general principles toward various physicochemical property regulation strategies are, respectively, the basis and effective alleyway to hitting the target, yet it is currently insufficient and need to be further explored in-depth. Herein, the fundamental effects of MXene on oxygen catalytic activity are sorted out thoroughly, and on this basis, the current mainstream strategies for tuning the property of MXene-based electrocatalysts are classified into four categories, including anion-tuning, cation-tuning, defect/vacancy regulation, and heterometallic dual-site collaboration, where the intrinsic mechanism of each strategy affecting the structure-activity relationship of catalysts is revealed accordingly.

SAID: Segment All Industrial Defects with Scene Prompts.

In the field of industrial inspection, image segmentation is a common method for surface inspection, capable of locating and segmenting the appearance defect areas of products. Most existing methods are trained specifically for particular products. The recent SAM (Segment Anything Model) serves as an image segmentation foundation model, capable of achieving zero-shot segmentation through diverse prompts.

Electrical Manipulation of Magnetic Domain Structure in van der Waals Ferromagnetic FeGaTe Using Ferroelectric PMN-PT Single Crystal.

2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets have emerged as promising materials for spintronic applications due to their unique magnetic properties and tunability. Controlling ferromagnetism via external stimuli is critical for both fundamental research and device integration. In particular, modulation of magnetic anisotropy and exchange interactions through strain offers a viable pathway for functional control.

Universal 3D-Printing of Suspended Metal Oxide Nanowire Arrays on MEMS for AI-Optimized Combinatorial Gas Fingerprinting.

Additive manufacturing technology has the potential to provide great versatility in the design and fabrication of sensing devices. This prerequisite necessitates further technological improvement in precision and material diversity. Here, a universal meniscus-guided 3D printing method is reported that can fabricate freestanding metal oxide semiconducting nanowires with programmed compositions and compatible substrate options at the single-entity level.

Obacunone ameliorates high-fat diet-induced MAFLD by regulating the PPARγ-FABP1/CD36 axis and the gut-liver crosstalk.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health challenge with limited treatment options. Obacunone (Oba), a natural triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may address metabolic disorders, but its role in MAFLD is unclear.

Purpose: To investigate Oba's effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice and free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated HepG2 cells.

Tunable surface potential nanomaterials for enhanced environmental nucleic acid extraction and surveillance.

Environmental nucleic acid (eNA) technology is an essential tool for public health and environmental management, including virus surveillance and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) monitoring. However, large-scale, high-frequency eNA analysis remains challenging due to existing extraction techniques being inefficient, time-consuming, and reliant on specialized equipment. This study introduces a versatile eNA extraction approach using a reusable magnetic material with tunable surface potential (TPMP), achieving ∼90 % recovery efficiency within 60 min and demonstrating superior enrichment across various eNA forms.

Quantitative Analyses of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Wave Dynamics in Essential Systemic Hypertension: A Multiscale Computational Modeling Study.

Hypertension-induced alterations in hemodynamics and wave dynamics are important pathological mechanisms for cerebrovascular diseases, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. However, fundamental understanding of hemodynamics and wave dynamics in hypertension remains limited due to the restricted temporal and spatial resolution of current medical devices. To address the gap, this study developed a closed-loop multiscale computational modeling framework for the entire cardiovascular system.

Double Heterostructures for Monolayer Materials with Record Quantum Efficiency.

2D semiconductor materials have shown great potential and advantages for a wide variety of optoelectronic devices, especially compact and integrated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers. However, the lack of a type-I double-heterostructure has severely hindered the development of efficient LEDs and lasers based on 2D materials. In this article, a lateral double-heterostructure is proposed based on a single type-I heterostructure composed of multilayer WSe and monolayer MoTe with double back-gates.

Recent Progress on the Research of 3D Printing in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The global transition towards a low-carbon energy system urgently demands efficient and safe energy storage solutions. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety and environmental friendliness. However, conventional manufacturing methods are costly and labor-intensive, hindering their large-scale production.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy approach reveals quantitative signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a critical global health challenge, and current histopathological diagnosis relies heavily on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining-a widely adopted clinical tool for assessing tissue morphology. However, H&E staining alone cannot provide quantitative data for diagnosis of tumor samples. Poorly differentiated or unclear lesions are difficult to distinguish.

Lewy body dementia: exploring biomarkers and pathogenic interactions of amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein.

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of progressive dementia and spontaneous parkinsonian symptoms. As the second most prevalent form of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), LBD necessitates a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis to enable the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. While numerous reviews focus on documenting the clinical manifestations and therapeutic modalities for LBD, animal models provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.