Evaluation of the flinders technology associates cards for storage and molecular detection of Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) DNA.

Finders Technology Associates (FTA) cards offer a streamlined solution for the storage, transportation, and extraction of samples. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of IHHNV DNA sample storage on FTA cards following simulated transportation under varying conditions (-20°C, 4°C, 25°C, 37°C) over a 60d period. By comparing two elution methods, we determined that optimal results were achieved by performing three elutions with FTA purification reagent at room temperature, followed by two elutions with TE buffer, each lasting 5 min, with a 200 μL elution volume.

Graphene-based wearable biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics: From surface functionalization to biomarker detection.

The growing demand for non-invasive, real-time health monitoring has driven the development of graphene-based wearable biosensors for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. This review explores the surface functionalization of graphene and its critical role in enhancing the performance of wearable biosensors for biomarker detection. Leveraging graphene's exceptional electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties, we discuss how surface functionalization-such as covalent and non-covalent functionalization, biomolecular probes, and passivation layers-enable highly sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers in biofluids.

Breath and Blood Metabolomics: A Comparative Study Using SESI-HRMS/MS and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS.

Breath metabolomics enables noninvasive and rapid acquisition of metabolic information by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS/MS) offers the highest coverage for detecting breath metabolites among current real-time breath analysis techniques. Although it has been generally recognized that metabolites in breath originate from the blood, a molecular-level understanding of the characteristics of metabolites in both breath and blood remains insufficient.

LSE-CVCNet: A Generalized Stereoscopic Matching Network Based on Local Structural Entropy and Multi-Scale Fusion.

This study presents LSE-CVCNet, a novel stereo matching network designed to resolve challenges in dynamic scenes, including dynamic feature misalignment caused by texture variability and contextual ambiguity from occlusions. By integrating three key innovations-local structural entropy (LSE) to quantify structural uncertainty in disparity maps and guide adaptive attention, a cross-image attention mechanism (CIAM-T) to asymmetrically extract features from left/right images for improved feature alignment, and multi-resolution cost volume fusion (MRCV-F) to preserve fine-grained details through multi-scale fusion-LSE-CVCNet enhances disparity estimation accuracy and cross-domain generalization. The experimental results demonstrate robustness under varying lighting, occlusions, and complex geometries, outperforming state-of-the-art methods across multiple data sets.

Innovative melanoma treatment: Acoustic-sensitive foam induces tumor cavitation via the nibbling effect.

Melanoma, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, is characterized by rapid proliferation and high metastatic potential. Addressing the urgent clinical need for effective tumor-suppressive agents to inhibit melanoma progression, this study introduces a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing acoustic-sensitive foam, termed PFH/TA9. This foam integrates perfluorohexane (PFH), an acoustic-sensitive material, with tranexamic acid nonyl ester hydrochloride (TA9), a cationic surfactant.

Dynamic stabilization and parametric excitation of instabilities in an ablation front by a temporally modulated laser pulse.

We conducted a numerical study of the effects of the modulation amplitude and period of a temporally modulated laser pulse on instabilities at an ablation front. The physical features of the oscillatory acceleration and ablation velocity in unperturbed ablative flows display periodic oscillations. As the modulation amplitude or period is increased, the asymmetry of the oscillatory acceleration and ablation velocity becomes more evident, and the peak values of these quantities increase.

Probiotic-mediated tumor microenvironment reprogramming with protease-sensitive interleukin-15 and photothermal therapy.

T cell inadequacy or exhaustion often causes the failure of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been used to prime the tumor microenvironment (TME) to boost the efficiency of immunotherapy. However, its clinical application is hindered by systemic toxicity and low intratumoral concentrations.

A novel Swin transformer based framework for speech recognition for dysarthria.

Dysarthria frequently occurs in individuals with disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders. Well-timed detection and management of dysarthria in these patients is imperative for efficiently handling the development of their condition. Several previous studies have concentrated on detecting dysarthria speech using machine learning-based methods.

Fluidic-manipulation-enabled multiplexed dose delivery of RONS by a CAP chip for dose optimization enhancement.

The plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) enable cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to combat cancer and infectious wounds. Achieving therapeutic outcomes with CAP necessitates precise treatment doses. Current CAP devices are constrained by their capability of delivering a single dose to a single sample, limiting dose optimization.

Detection of Protein Interactions and Dynamics During Viral Infection via Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) operates on the principle of nonradiative energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor fluorophore when they are in close proximity (typically 1-10 nm). It is a valuable method for identifying protein-protein interactions in live cells, where not only the physiological condition but also the exact spatial information where interactions occur can be obtained. FRET offers significant advantages for studying molecular interactions and dynamics during viral infections, including high sensitivity and specificity, real-time monitoring capabilities, and versatility in experimental design.

Detection of Protein Interactions During Viral Infection by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation.

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a powerful technique used to visualize protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in living cells. By reconstituting a fluorescent protein from two nonfluorescent fragments fused to proteins of interest, BiFC enables noninvasive observation of protein interactions within the cellular environment. This method has been successfully applied to study a variety of biological systems, including the interactions of viral proteins with host factors, thereby enhancing our understanding of viral pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.

Recent progress in perovskite photodetectors: from carrier dynamics to device structures and applications.

Electronic devices have undergone tremendous development recently due to the advent of perovskites. The excellent semiconducting properties of perovskites make them important candidates for innovative and disruptive applications such as photodetectors. The combination of large absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, and superior carrier mobilities renders perovskite materials highly desirable for high-performance photodetectors in image sensing, optical communication, environmental monitoring, and medical detection.

A decade of change: Increasing "weekend warrior" behavior and physical activity trends among middle-aged and older adults in China (2011-2020).

Objective: As global aging accelerates, understanding physical activity trends among China's middle-aged and older adults population becomes crucial, especially considering the rising phenomenon of "weekend warriors" who concentrate their physical activities on any 1-2 days of the week. This study aims to determine the nationwide temporal trends in meeting physical activity guidelines and the proportion of "weekend warriors" among middle-aged and older adults individuals in China from 2011 to 2020.

Methods: Five rounds of cross-sectional data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used to examine adherence to physical activity guidelines and the proportion of "weekend warriors" using logistic regression models.

Ultra-thin flexible solid-gated graphene field-effect transistors fabricated using laser lift-off.

The advancement of ultra-thin graphene field-effect transistors (GFET) is essential for the realization of high-performance flexible electronics in applications such as biointerfaces, wearable devices, and soft robotics. In this study, a wafer-scale fabrication method is developed, combining spin-coated polyimide substrates with standard microfabrication and laser lift-off techniques to produce GFET arrays on 5 μm-thick flexible films. This approach overcomes challenges associated with handling and exfoliating ultra-thin substrates, achieving a device density of 80 devices cm and a yield of 79%, surpassing previously reported values.

A liquid biopsy approach detects HCC and identifies GJA4 as a potential biomarker for HBV-HCC via plasma cfDNA methylome profiling.

Background: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can greatly improve the survival rate of patients. Plasma cfDNA methylation has been shown to have the potential to be a non-invasive method for diagnosing HCC. However, the identified HCC plasma cfDNA methylation sites were less sensitive to early HCC diagnosis.

Emerging technologies for detecting antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater: A critical review.

Antibiotic release and transfer within environmental systems significantly impact ecological stability and human health, posing considerable safety risks. Consequently, accurate and efficient detection methods for antibiotics, particularly within complex environmental matrices, are essential. A growing body of research is focusing on antibiotic pollution in wastewater and other environmental settings.

Lipid-targeted echo-planar spectroscopic imaging technique for in vivo lipid composition measurement.

Purpose: Accurate in vivo assessment of lipid composition with high resolution and full abdominal coverage is essential for understanding lipid metabolism. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel lipid-targeted imaging technique, chemical shift-selective adiabatic refocusing spin-echo echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) (Csar-EPSI), for rapid, precise, and reliable lipid composition measurements.

Methods: Csar-EPSI was designed with adiabatic pulses to selectively refocus lipid signals, suppress water, minimize chemical-shift displacement errors, and enable flexible voxel selection.

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of rosuvastatin in Chinese: Predicting the impact of SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 genetic variants and hepatic impairment on drug exposure.

Background: Although rosuvastatin is widely prescribed in China, its pharmacokinetic profile shows substantial interindividual variability, primarily due to polymorphisms in drug transporters (SLCO1B1 and ABCG2) and variations in hepatic function. Existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, primarily developed for Caucasian populations, may lack predictive accuracy in Chinese patients, highlighting the need for population-specific models to support precision dosing.

Method: A PBPK model was developed using PK-Sim® software (Version 12.

Hollow semimetal PtTenanorods with high performance for photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic therapy in the NIR-II window.

Compared to the first near-infrared (NIR-I) window (650-1000 nm), the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000-1700 nm) is more valuable for photothermal treatment (PTT) due to its deeper tissue penetration and lower phototoxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of PTT remains suboptimal owing to the inherently low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of existing materials. Therefore, the development of nanomaterials with high PCE is a promising strategy for improving anti-tumor therapy.

Effects of Strength and Plyometric Training on Vertical Jump, Linear Sprint, and Change-of-Direction Speed in Female Adolescent Team Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of strength training (ST) and plyometric training (PT) on vertical jump (VJ), linear sprint (LS), and change-of-direction speed (CODS) in female adolescent team sport athletes. Additionally, it explores potential moderator variables, such as programming variables and participant characteristics, that may influence these training effects. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of ST or PT interventions lasting ≥4 weeks on VJ, LS, or CODS in female adolescent team sport athletes (aged 10-19 years) were included.

Smi-miRmTERF regulates organelle development, retrograde signaling, secondary metabolism and immunity via targeting a subset of SmmTERFs in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs, some of which can trigger phased secondary small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) production from target genes. Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs), mainly localized in chloroplasts and/or mitochondria, play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. We report here the identification of 63 mTERFs and a 22 nt novel miRNA (smi-miRmTERF), which directly cleave SmmTERF33 and SmmTERF45 transcripts to trigger phasiRNA biogenesis.

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract suppresses the growth of melanoma cells and induces autophagy by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a revered traditional Chinese medicine derived from dried roots and rhizomes, has historically been employed to invigorate blood circulation, resolve stasis, and treat cardiovascular disorders. Emerging evidence highlights its ethnopharmacological relevance in cancer therapy, particularly for suppressing tumor progression. While melanoma remains a therapeutic challenge, Danshen's potential mechanisms against this malignancy warrant systematic exploration.

Determination of the rate equations for erbium nanoparticles at arbitrary concentrations and drastically enhanced non-radiative transitions.

Erbium (Er)-based NaYF nanoparticles (ENPs) are important for many applications including imaging, communications, and biosensing, particularly at high Er concentrations. The rate equations (REs) are fundamental for understanding various transitions in ENPs. However, the REs and their various coefficients are determined only at the classical composition of ∼2% Er and ∼20% ytterbium (Yb) while focusing only on up-conversion processes.

Simultaneous Boosting of Second Harmonic Generation and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Chiral Hybrid Metal Halides Through Enhanced Octahedral Distortion.

Chiral hybrid metal halides (HMHs), characterized by their non-centrosymmetric crystal structures and exceptional photophysical properties, are promising for second-order nonlinear and linear optics, including second-harmonic generation (SHG) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, chiral HMHs with simultaneously strong SHG response and efficient CPL still present a challenge, due to the distinct structural and electronic requirements of these properties. Here, we report a halogen substitution strategy within inorganic octahedra to modulate the crystal structure and simultaneously enhance both SHG and CPL properties.

Constructing a limit model and developing an HPLC-MS/MS analytical method for measuring isothiazolinone migration from children's sports protectors into sweat.

Infants and children have certain differences in physiological characteristics and behavioral patterns compared with adults, resulting in significantly higher exposure frequency and amounts to harmful chemical substances than those of adults when using similar products. To ensure the chemical safety of children when using sports protectors, we established a sweat migration limit model for isothiazolinones. Through this model, we determined the migration limits for MI, CMI and BIT to be 0.