Chiral Separation and Molecular Simulation of Five Quinolones on a Bonded Amylose[(S)-α-Methylbenzyl Carbamate] Column (CHIRALPAK IH) and the Elucidation of Its Recognition Mechanism.

In this work, the silica gel bonded amylose[(S)-α-methylbenzyl carbamate] (CHIRALPAK IH) was chosen as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the separation of five quinolone enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), namely, ofloxacin, flumequine, nadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, and clinafloxacin. The mobile phase composition, organic modifier, and acid-base additive were systematically investigated for the baseline separation of these five interested quinolones. The optimized mobile phases were n-hexane-ethanol-acetic acid-diethylamine (60:40:0.

Exploring a circulating circRNA and miRNA biomarker panel for early detection of ovarian cancer through multiple omics analysis.

The biological functions of circular RNA (circRNAs) in cancers have garnered significant attention, particularly for their potential as biomarkers. However, the roles of circRNAs in ovarian cancer (OC) and their applicability for early detection of this malignancy remain underexplored. We performed RNA sequencing on ovarian cancer cell lines to identify circRNAs associated with OC.

Visible light-activated cobalt phthalocyanine/UiO-67 composite: A novel approach to photodynamic antibacterial therapy.

Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) are highly promising photosensitizers owing to their exceptional photoelectronic properties, yet their practical photocatalytic applications are often limited by strong π-π self-aggregation. In this study, we report a facile in situ strategy to incorporate cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) into the porous matrix of UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), effectively suppressing aggregation and enhancing photo-activity. The resulting composite, UCoP2-32, exhibited outstanding antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) performance under visible light, achieving over 96 % inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 12 min of light exposure.

Assessing Mediation in Cross-Sectional Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trials.

Mediation analysis has been studied for independent data, but relatively little work has been done for correlated data observed under stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs). Motivated by the need to understand the effect mechanisms in SW-CRTs, we develop a set of regression-based methods for conducting mediation analysis. Based on linear and generalized linear mixed models, we explain how to estimate the natural indirect effect and mediation proportion in typical SW-CRTs with four data type combinations, including both continuous and binary mediators and outcomes.

Breaking scaling relationship limitations in peroxymonosulfate activation through electronegativity-driven Fe-Mn dual-metal synergy.

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) driven by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have demonstrated significant potential for addressing the inherent scaling relationship limitation of reaction intermediates, but in-depth mechanistic insight into synergistic interactions between dual-metal sites remains elusive. The Fe-Mn DAC has been designed with the largest electronegativity difference among Fe-based metal pairs to enhance electron transfer and synergistic interactions. The Fe-Mn DAC exhibits exceptional catalytic performance for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation, achieving a reaction rate constant () of 1.

Mechanism and regulation of mitophagy in liver diseases: a review.

Mitochondria are vital for the proper operation of healthy eukaryotic cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that targets damaged or surplus mitochondria, plays a key role in both the normal functioning and disease-related processes within the liver. This review aims to explore the main mechanisms underlying the initiation of mitophagy and its importance in various liver conditions, such as alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and cancer.

Tranexamic acid-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether conjugation/PVA foam for venous sclerotherapy vascular damage and inhibiting plasmin system.

Venous system diseases mainly include varicose veins and venous malformations of lower limbs and the genital system. Most of them are chronic diseases that cause serious clinical symptoms to patients and affect their health and quality of life. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy for venous system diseases.

Ball-milling-mediated remote asymmetric reductive coupling in air.

Dicarbofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated systems radical relay strategies are crucial for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Mechanochemical synthesis offers a compelling alternative to traditional solvent-based methods, providing advantages such as straightforward operation, shorter reaction times, minimal solvent use, and simplified workup. Although racemic two- and three-component solid-state cross-coupling reactions have seen significant advancements, the development of their catalytic asymmetric counterparts remains notably limited.

Near-infrared light-activated osmium-complex/UiO-67-bpy composite for enhanced antibacterial activity and wound healing.

Osmium(bpy) complex coordinated with metal-organic framework UiO-67-bpy, photodynamic effect was studied in detail against pathogenic bacteria, under Near-IR (800-810 nm) irradiation. Structural analysis, including XRD, FTIR, and XPS, confirmed successful synthesis of the composite, highlighting Os-N ligation characterized by distinct peak at 623 cm with a slight red shift, and electronic modifications of N in XPS. Os(bpy)/UiO-67-bpy (UOsCb) composite demonstrated significantly enhanced photodynamic antibacterial efficacy, with 10.

An optimization method for hemi-diaphragm measurement of dynamic chest X-ray radiography during respiration based on graphics and diaphragm motion consistency criterion.

Introduction: Existing technologies are at risk of abnormal hemi-diaphragm measurement due to their abnormal morphology caused by lung field deformation during quiet breathing (free respiration or respiratory) interventions in dynamic chest radiography (DCR). To address this issue, an optimization method for hemi-diaphragm measurement is proposed, utilizing graphics and the consistency criterion for diaphragm motion.

Methods: First, Initial hemi-diaphragms are detected based on lung field mask edges of dynamic chest X-ray images abstracted from the DCR at respiratory interventions controlled by the radiologist's instructions.

Optimization design of internal space layout of three-bedroom residential apartment based on IGA and DE algorithm.

To solve the problems of insufficient global optimization ability and easy loss of population diversity in building interior layout design, this study proposes a novel layout optimization model integrating interactive genetic algorithm and improved differential evolutionary algorithm to improve the global optimization ability and maintain population diversity in building layout design. The model characterizes room functions and spatial locations through binary coding, and uses dynamic fitness function and backtracking strategy to improve space utilization and functional fitness. In the experiments, optimization metrics such as kinematic optimization rate (calculated based on the shortest path and connectivity between functional areas), space utilization rate (calculated by the ratio of room area to total usable space), and functional fitness (based on the weighted sum of users' subjective evaluations and functional matches) all perform well.

Precise Modulation of Reorganization Energy through Methyl Substitution for High Performance Organic Solar Cells.

Efficient charge transport and minimized energy loss are critical for advancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a series of quinoxaline-based electron acceptors, BQx-MeF, BQx-MeCl, and BQx-MeBr, featuring methyl and halogen substitutions is designed and synthesized to systematically modulate reorganization energy (λ) and film morphology. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed that methylation effectively reduces λ by limiting structural relaxation, leading to suppressed non-radiative recombination energy loss (ΔE) and improved charge transport.

Dual-Channel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Boosting Exciton Utilization Efficiency for High-Performance Layer-by-Layer Processed All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells.

All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) hold great potential for commercialization owing to their well-defined molecular structures and minimal batch-to-batch variations. Nevertheless, the inherent challenges in precise control of blend morphology of the active layer restrict exciton utilization efficiency, resulting in the restricted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in ASM-OSC compared with polymer-based OSCs. Herein, small molecule donor Por-BR is incorporated into the acceptor layer of the DAPor-DPP/6TIC system utilizing a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition strategy to construct high-performance ASM-OSCs.

Improving nerve and muscle function: an exploration of targeted nerve function replacement following differential delay periods in a rat model.

Background: Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) improves real-time control of EMG-based prostheses by connecting severed nerves to adjacent muscles, creating new EMG signals. However, TMR requires cutting original nerve connections, which can cause denervation atrophy and limit functional recovery. As an alternative, Targeted Nerve Function Replacement (TNFR) offers a fundamentally different approach by establishing a direct end-to-end anastomosis between an intact donor nerve and the original nerve of a target muscle, preserving existing neural pathways while providing supplementary neural input.

Design and supercapacitor applications of nitrogen, sulfur-codoped carbon foam from over-foaming-prone lignin.

This study reports a new strategy to regulate the over-foaming of lignin towards carbon foam production. By adding ammonium sulfate ((NH)SO) to lignin during the thermal conversion process, carbon foam precursor with uniform macrostructure independent of heating conditions are achieved. The mechanism between the interaction of lignin and (NH)SO is discussed, and the resulting nitrogen (N), sulfur (S)-codoped carbon foam exhibits a hierarchical porous structure with compressive strength of 1.

CT-guided needle insertion with an optical navigation robot-assisted puncture system: and experimental studies in the liver and kidneys.

Background: Robotic technologies have promising applications in computed tomography (CT)-guided puncture. However, nodule-surrogate models can be difficult to develop for relevant studies, and thus the accuracy of optical navigation robot-assisted puncture remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate a starch mixture (the starch group) and a copper particle nodule-surrogate model (the particle group) and to compare the accuracy of optical navigation robot-assisted puncture (the robot group) with traditional CT-guided manual puncture (the manual group) using swine liver and kidneys.

Alkyl-chain engineering of low-dimensional perovskite seeds for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells show immense promise for approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit with a theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 30%. However, their practical implementation remains constrained by crystal phase impurities and the suboptimal performance of the perovskite photoactive layer, where uncontrolled crystallization and residual PbI impede charge transport and stability. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel seed-mediated crystallization approach utilizing 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (DMIMCl) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCl) to convert residual PbI into strain-tolerant low-dimensional (LD) DMIMPbI and LD EMIMPbI, respectively.

Redox-neutral photocatalytic hydrodealkenylation of aryl olefins.

Carbon-carbon bond cleavage is a transformative strategy in chemical synthesis, particularly for modifying complex molecules. While the cleavage of C(sp²)=C(sp²) π-bonds is relatively straightforward, the selective cleavage of unpolarized C(sp²)-C(sp³) σ-bonds remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present a redox-neutral approach for hydrodealkenylation, enabling the selective cleavage of C(sp²)-C(sp³) σ-bonds in aryl olefins.

Eliminating Ground Reliance in Reflective Metasurfaces for Anomalous Reflections.

Reflective metasurfaces (RMs) have gained significant attention in optics and electromagnetism for their ability to redirect signals to customized angles, offering cost- and energy-efficient solutions to line-of-sight (LoS) blockages. However, existing RM technologies predominantly rely on metallic ground planes for efficient beam reflection, which imposes several critical limitations, such as restricted angle range and increased dielectric losses. In this work, we develop an innovative approach that eliminates dependence on metallic ground planes.

Mechanistic Study of Interface Regulation by Pullulan as an Eco-Friendly Depressant for Selective Flotation of Apatite from Hematite.

The selective flotation of apatite and hematite in high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore is challenging due to the declining selectivity of reagents as the particle size decreases. This study explores pullulan as an eco-friendly depressant in combination with α-bromolauric acid (α-BLA) as a collector. Microflotation experiments showed that while α-BLA exhibited a strong collection ability, its selectivity was poor.

Bioactivity Profiling of Chemically Characterized Extract of Saudi Jackfruit () Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.

, also known as jackfruit, is recently introduced for cultivation in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the ethanolic extract of fruits (EAHF) was explored for its chemical and pharmacological properties. The EAHF was revealed with total phenolic contents (115.

Enhancing predictions of health insurance overspending risk through hospital departmental performance indicators.

The substantial rise in health insurance expenditures, combined with delayed feedback on overspending from administrative departments, highlights the urgent need for timely reporting of such data. This study analyzed a large cohort of 549,910 discharged patients' medical records from the Wuxi Health Commission, covering the period from January 2022 to November 2023. We applied four widely recognized machine learning techniques-Logistic Regression (LR), LightGBM, Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)-alongside departmental performance indicators (DPIs) to develop Insurance Overspending Risk Prediction (IORP) models at both regional and hospital levels.

Dual-Branch Multi-Dimensional Attention Mechanism for Joint Facial Expression Detection and Classification.

This paper addresses the central issue arising from the (SDAC) of facial expressions, namely, to balance the competing demands of good global features for detection, and fine features for good facial expression classifications by replacing the feature extraction part of the "neck" network in the feature pyramid network in the You Only Look Once X (YOLOX) framework with a novel architecture involving three attention mechanisms-batch, channel, and neighborhood-which respectively explores the three input dimensions-batch, channel, and spatial. Correlations across a batch of images in the individual path of the dual incoming paths are first extracted by a self attention mechanism in the batch dimension; these two paths are fused together to consolidate their information and then split again into two separate paths; the information along the channel dimension is extracted using a generalized form of channel attention, an adaptive graph channel attention, which provides each element of the incoming signal with a weight that is adapted to the incoming signal. The combination of these two paths, together with two skip connections from the input to the batch attention to the output of the adaptive channel attention, then passes into a residual network, with neighborhood attention to extract fine features in the spatial dimension.

The Principle and Application of Achromatic Metalens.

Metalenses, as ultrathin planar optical devices based on metasurfaces, have attracted significant research interest in recent years due to their compact structure and versatile light manipulation, showing great potential to replace traditional lenses in specific applications. This review focuses on the fundamental principles of geometric and propagation phases of metalenses, introducing their applications in achromatic aberration correction, and emphasizing their advantages and limitations. We further discuss the application of multilayer metalenses in zoom optical systems and summarize methods such as topology optimization and inverse design to enhance the efficiency of metalenses.