Ag → NiO electron cascade-driven cocatalysts enable efficient photocatalytic ammonia-to-hydrogen conversion.

Suppressing photoinduced charge recombination represents a critical challenge in photocatalytic ammonia (NH) decomposition for hydrogen (H) production. Herein, we propose a dual-cocatalyst system comprising plasmonic silver (Ag) and nickel oxide (NiO), which synergistically construct an Ag → titanium dioxide (TiO) → NiO directional electron cascade on TiO surfaces through work-function-induced interfacial charge transfer. The optimized 3 %Ag-1 %NiO-TiO reaches a significantly photocatalytic H production rate of 2366.

Fifteen years of grazing exclusion reshapes vegetation structure and landscape connectivity across alpine ecosystems in the Qilian Mountain, Northwestern China.

High-altitude and high-latitude ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to climate change and human disturbance, with widespread degradation threatening their role in water regulation, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration. Livestock-exclusion enclosure is widely applied for alpine restoration, yet its ecological outcomes remain poorly understood across elevation gradients and ecosystem types. To address this, a 15-year grazing-exclusion experiment was conducted in a vertical transect spanning 2980-4164 m a.

Mechanistic Elucidation and Establishment of Drying Kinetic Models of Differential Metabolite Regulation in During Natural Sun Drying: An Integrated Physiology, Untargeted Metabolomics, and Enzymology Study.

Rhubarb, a medicinal herb in Gansu Province, China, undergoes significant quality changes during sun-drying. This study investigated color changes, drying kinetics, anthraquinone (AQ) content, metabolic profiles, and enzyme activity during the process. Results showed that drying induced enzymatic browning, with the browning index (BI) progressively increasing over extended drying periods (4-16 h) and with greater slice thickness (2-8 mm).

The emotional equation: how psychosocial support boosts safety practices in the context of construction 5.0.

Background: Construction 5.0, which emphasizes human-centric technologies and improved collaboration between humans and machines in intelligent construction ecosystems, introduces distinct safety management challenges that necessitate effective emotional resource allocation strategies. This study utilizes job demands-resources theory to investigate how emotional resources are allocated for safety management by examining the relationships among safety practice, psychosocial support, safety participation, and leadership safety behavior.

An electrochemical immunosensor based on HFABP for the early detection of drug-induced cardiac toxicity from traditional Chinese medicines.

An electrochemical immunosensor was successfully developed for evaluating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-induced cardiac toxicity by immobilizing heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP)-specific antibodies on an electrode surface modified with chitosan (CS)-functionalized metal-organic framework ZIF-8 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Leveraging the excellent biocompatibility of AuNPs, the excellent stability and high surface area of ZIF-8, along with the strong specific recognition capability of HFABP antibodies, the sensor demonstrated superior performance. Under optimized experimental conditions, it achieved an ultra-low detection limit of 7.

Targeted Synthesis and Development of Neotype Antiviral Agents with a Radical-Mediated Deoxyphosphoamination Strategy.

The persistent threat of emerging and re-emerging viral infections underscores the urgent need for the continuous development of next-generation antiviral agents. The deoxygenative functionalization of oxygen-containing compounds offers a powerful route to address this challenge. Herein, we report a radical-mediated deoxyphosphoamination of ketones to synthesize a new class of antiviral compounds, including -(2-(diphenylphosphoryl)-1-inden-3-yl)-,-diphenylphosphinic amide (IDPA) and its homologues.

Sensitivity-driven control strategy and analysis of operating parameter MLSS in the stacking total nitrogen prediction model.

The operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is frequently characterized by complexity, largely attributable to the properties of the influent and the nonlinear fluctuations that occur throughout the wastewater treatment process. Accurate modeling of wastewater quality within WWTPs is essential for informed decision-making. In this research, we utilized a stacking model to amalgamate five foundational models, thereby enhancing the precision of the total nitrogen (TN) prediction model for effluent.

A method for constructing digital twins of CNC machine tools feed systems based on hybrid mechanism-data.

Traditional CNC machine tool feed system models suffer from low simulation accuracy and limited generalizability. These issues arise from simplified process replication and rigid optimization methods based on mechanical knowledge. To address these challenges, this study proposes a new hybrid mechanism data-driven digital twin (DT) modeling framework.

Characterization of intelligent film based on chitosan/high-amylose starch and Portulaca oleracea L. flavonoids/anthocyanins/curcumin and its application in beef.

An intelligent film was developed using chitosan (C) and high-amylose (A) corn starch matrix (CA matrix), incorporating various concentrations of Portulaca oleracea L. flavonoids (POF) (2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L). Red cabbage anthocyanin (PCA) and curcumin (CR) were used as composite indicators (PC) to monitor beef freshness.

Metal-Organic Network-Based Composite Phase Change Materials with High Thermal and Photothermal Conversion Performance.

Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs), promising for thermal management, face limited application due to leakage and low thermal conductivity. In this work, a shape-stabilized composite PCM was fabricated using a one-pot in situ process by mixing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the novel metal-organic network called CFK, which was synthesized from carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs), FeCl, and Kevlar nanofibers (KNFs). The morphology, composition, and thermophysical characteristics of the composite PCM were assessed.

Reutilization of waste polymer plastics: a molecular dynamics study on toughness enhancement and interfacial mechanisms in SBS-modified asphalt.

Plastics are widely used as modifiers to enhance asphalt pavement performance due to their distinctive molecular structure. However, there is still limited theoretical analysis of the effect of plastics on the aging behavior of SBS-modified asphalt on a molecular scale. Therefore, in this study, molecular dynamics software was used to establish aging behavior of SBS-modified asphalt with different types of plastics (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and poly acrylic (PA)).

Biologically Encapsulating Gold Nanoclusters: Exploring the Bioinspiration Strategy for Preparing Advanced Electrode Materials.

Engineered nanoparticles and nanoplastics have emerged as a category of pollutants that, when present in the environment, could be absorbed and accumulated by plant systems. This study demonstrates a way of using live wheat () to take up and collect gold nanoclusters and nanopolystyrene and eliminate them, and the harvested biomass is then processed into carbon compounds for energy storage applications. This methodology not only enables the straightforward encapsulation of gold nanoclusters but also utilizes absorbable nanopolystyrene to create pores during carbonization.

STIL-TA: A new model of traffic flow forecasting based on spatiotemporal interactive learning and temporal attention.

Accurate traffic flow forecasting plays a critical role in alleviating urban road congestion. Despite the success of existing models (e.g.

Innovative Ionic Liquid Electrolyte: Dual Proton Sources and K⁺ Synergistic Transport Enhanced Proton Battery Performance.

This study puts forward an innovative electrolyte design to resolve the problems of scarce efficient proton sources and interface instability in proton batteries. It verifies that hydrogen protons mainly come from water molecule dissociation, with acetic acid acting as an auxiliary source, leading to proton source concentration changes during charging/discharging. To address this, an ionic liquid (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, abbreviated as [emim][Ac]) electrolyte containing acetic acid (HAc) and potassium acetate (KAc) ([emim][Ac] + 4 m HAc + 1 m KAc) is developed.

In vitro probiotic characteristics and whole-genome sequence analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from monkey faeces.

This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from monkey faeces and evaluate their safety and probiotic properties through a combination of in vitro assays and complete genomic sequencing. The results revealed that two strains (LDHa and LSHe) exhibited promising probiotic attributes: no hemolytic activity, remarkable antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens, high bile salt tolerance (77.46% survival rate for LDHa at 0.

Precisely Engineered Nitrogen Dopants in Pd/NC Catalysts: Synergistic Pyridinic-Pyrrolic-Graphitic Triad for Alkaline Methanol Electrooxidation.

Despite nitrogen-doped carbons (NC) enhancing metal-support interactions (MSI) in electrocatalysts, how specific N-configurations (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic) synergistically govern methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) pathways over Pd surfaces remains unknown. Herein, we hypothesize that precise thermal programming of ZIF-8 pyrolysis can tailor synergistic pyridinic-pyrrolic-graphitic N-triads to simultaneously enhance activity, CO tolerance, and stability. Guided by DFT predictions, Pd/NC- catalysts ( = 700-1100) were synthesized, where in situ pyrolysis controls N-configurations (validated by XPS) and wet impregnation immobilizes ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (3.

A novel 3DOM Pt/MeO-SiO catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs.

In this work, we utilized three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) SiO and non-noble metal oxides (CeO, CoO and MnO) to confine highly dispersed Pt species. The 3DOM Pt/MeO-SiO catalyst was used for the catalytic oxidation of benzene to evaluate its catalytic activity, long-term thermal stability, sulfur resistance, and water resistance. The results verified that the 3DOM Pt/CeO-SiO catalyst had superior activity ( = 210 °C) and strong sulfur resistance (10 ppm).

Thermal Transport Modulation via Interfacial Vacancy Defects in Carbon/Boron Nitride Heteronanotubes.

Thermal transfer regulation of one-dimensional heterostructure is essential, but the influence of vacancy defects on interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) remains unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that vacancy defects at the carbon/boron nitride heteronanotubes (CBNNT) significantly reduce the ITC, with N atoms vacancy exhibiting a more pronounced inhibitory effect than C atoms vacancy. This decline in ITC is attributed to vacancy-induced lattice distortions that diminish the overlap of the phonon density of states, ultimately enhancing phonon localization.

Fluorinated C20-epi-Deoxysalinomycin Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activities.

Salinomycin exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against various cancer types. Leveraging the advantages of fluorination in drug development, we efficiently synthesized 17 fluorinated C20-epi-deoxysalinomycin derivatives through a streamlined 4-5 step synthetic route. Key transformations, including room-temperature azidation, copper-catalyzed click reactions, and amide condensation, were performed under mild conditions with satisfactory yields.

Apple leaf disease severity grading based on deep learning and the DRL-Watershed algorithm.

Apple leaf diseases significantly impair the photosynthetic efficiency and growth quality of apple trees, leading to reduced fruit yields. Existing methods for disease detection and severity classification struggle to quickly and accurately segment and quantify diseased areas on leaves, particularly in complex backgrounds. To address this issue, we propose a method for assessing the severity of apple leaf diseases based on a combination of improved HRNet and DRL-watershed algorithms.

[Structure and Metabolic Function Characteristics of Soil Bacterial Communities under Different Vegetation Types in Arid Region].

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different vegetation types on soil bacterial community structure and metabolic function in an oasis-desert ecotone and provide scientific theoretical basis for species allocation and management of vegetation reconstruction in arid desert ecosystem. Maxim and Turcz are the main natural vegetation, Bunge, and Fisch are the primary artificial vegetation, and Ha-Cm are the main mixed community in an oasis-desert ecotone in northwest China. Understanding soil microbial community structure and function under typical vegetation types is crucial for accurate management and sustainable use of desert vegetation.

Optimized deep belief network based on an improved Blood-sucking Leech Optimizer algorithm for wastewater quality forecasting.

To address the issues of limited exploration capability and premature convergence in the optimization process of the Blood-Sucking Leech Optimizer (BSLO) algorithm, we propose an Improved BSLO (IBSLO) algorithm. Initially, a directional leeches switching mechanism based on an inverted S-shaped nonlinear perceived distance to strike a balance between exploitative and exploratory capabilities of the algorithm. Subsequently, a dynamic perception signal was designed to simulate dynamic stimulus signals, guiding leeches to search and optimize more accurately.

Ligand Coordination Equilibria-Drived Homogeneous Electrodeposition Enables Coatings with Superior Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Strength.

Electroplating technology is crucial for interfacial engineering due to its flexible controllability and excellent protective performance. However, electroplated coatings often exhibit uneven deposition morphology due to the uncontrollable nucleation and growth of metal grains, which results in degraded coating performance. Here, we propose ligand coordination equilibria (LCE) that creates a dense coating by simultaneously modulating the solvation structure and optimizing the reduction process, exemplified by Al/Zr alloy electroplating.

Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly for the Synthesis of Multi-Responsive Micelles Hydrogel and its Versatile Applications.

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is well-known for its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and widely studied as thermo-responsive micelles for various applications. However, the synthesis of micelles with precise structures often involves complex process. Herein, we developed a novel multi-responsive micelles hydrogel GBN, which was prepared by combining the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-poly (glycerol methacrylate) (PGMA-PNIPAM) and B─O crosslinking the micelles.

Composite Noise Reduction Method for Internal Leakage Acoustic Emission Signal of Safety Valve Based on IWTD-IVMD Algorithm.

As the core device for protecting the safety of the pressure-bearing system, the spring full-open safety valve is prone to various forms of valve seat sealing surface damage after long-term opening and closing impact, corrosion, and medium erosion, which may lead to internal leakage. In view of the problems that the high-frequency acoustic emission signal of the internal leakage of the safety valve has, namely, a large number of energy-overlapping areas in the frequency domain, the overall signal presents broadband characteristics, large noise content, and no obvious time-frequency characteristics. A composite denoising method, IWTD, improved wavelet threshold function with dual adjustable factors, and the improved VMD algorithm is proposed.