Diverse Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Perovskite materials have revolutionized optoelectronics by virtue of their tunable bandgaps, exceptional optoelectronic properties, and structural flexibility. Notably, the state-of-the-art performance of perovskite solar cells has reached 27%, making perovskite materials a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technology. Although numerous reviews regarding perovskite materials have been published, the existing reviews generally focus on individual material systems (e.

Photobreeding Method for Direct Construction and Continuous Tuning of Strong Metal-Support Interactions at Room Temperature.

The construction of strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) is an effective strategy to enhance and control heterogeneous catalysts. However, conventional methods require pre-synthesized metal-loaded catalysts, followed by SMSI formation via high-temperature treatment under oxidative/reductive atmospheres, adsorbate-mediated treatment, and photo-treatment, adding complexity to catalyst synthesis and hindering continuous interfacial tuning. In this work, a "photobreeding" method is employed to treat ZnCdS, leveraging the UV-induced photochromic reaction of ZnS to generate metallic Zn at room temperature, while CdS remains inert.

α-Cyclodextrin mediated 3D printed ceramic/polymer composite scaffolds for immunomodulation and osteogenesis in bone defect repair.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect treatment face numerous challenges, including mechanical mismatches and the lack of immune microenvironment modulation, often leading to implant failure. In this study, an innovative drug-loaded bioinspired ceramic/polymer composite scaffold was designed and fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, incorporating α-cyclodextrin (αCD) in a novel approach to improve interfacial compatibility and drug-loading efficiency. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main component of natural bone, was employed as the inorganic phase to mimic the mineral structure of bone tissue.

SrZnSiS: Shattering the 4.0 eV Threshold toward Dual-Optimized Bandgap and Second-Harmonic Generation.

Infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are crucial for mid-IR lasers, yet their intrinsic narrow band gaps cause low laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) and detrimental two-photon absorption, thus limiting their widespread application. Herein, a synergistic strategy involving d-orbital exclusion and polarization motif construction is employed to synthesize novel chalcogenide SrZnSiS by introducing [SiS] and [ZnS] tetrahedral polarization subunits. Performance evaluation demonstrates that SrZnSiS breaks through the "4.

Dynamic Restructuring of Stacking-Fault-Rich Copper Catalysts.

Copper (Cu) catalysts with abundant defects are pivotal for converting CO into valuable multi-carbon products. However, the practical application of Cu catalysts is challenged by the thermodynamic instability of the defects, often leading to surface reconstruction during catalytic processes. Here, it is found that particle size and COO-containing intermediates are key factors driving reconstruction, as the defect stability is size-dependent and can be amplified by leveraging the highly reactive intermediates as the initial reactant.

Energy Dissipation Mediated by Multiple Noncovalent Interactions in Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Gesture-to-Recognition Translation.

Hydrogels hold great promises in intelligent wearable gesture-to-recognition translation devices, but high mechanical robustness usually encounters low sensitivity and poor cycling stability, it is pivotal and challenging to balance energy dissipation and conductivity. Herein, the soft-hard multiphase hydrogels have been proposed for the first time through noncovalently threading polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES) into hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). Fluorine groups on HOF (HOF-F) are presented as the hydrogen bond acceptors to form multiple noncovalent interactions between HOF-F and PDES, which expedites the energy dissipation with synchronous increment of ion transport in hydrogels.

Competitive Chirality Induction in Two-dimensional Germanium Iodide Perovskites Enabling Highly Anisotropic Nonlinear Optical Response.

Chiral metal halide perovskites (CMHPs) are a promising class of chiroptical materials with significant potential applications in chiral-optoelectronic and chiral-spintronic devices. However, their chirality induction generally stems from the incorporation of chiral ligands, which constitutes compositional diversity and functional versatility. Herein, we report a significant chiral expression resulting from two distinct mechanisms: chirality transfer induced by chiral organic cations and mirror symmetry breaking driven by stereochemically active lone pairs, both contributing to controlled chirality induction.

Bibliometric and visualization analysis of cancer associated with intestinal flora through genetics and epigenetics from 1991 to 2024.

Background: Intestinal flora, or gut microbiota, has increasingly been recognized for its potential role in cancer development and progression. Beyond direct interactions with systemic organs, gut microbiota and its metabolites can modulate epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. This study aims to bridge this gap by conducting a bibliometric and visualization analysis of the scientific literature on cancer associated with intestinal flora.

Ultramicroporous for High-Capacity Hydrogen Isotope Adsorption and Separation.

The separation of hydrogen isotopes using physisorption-based porous materials has emerged as a promising strategy. Here, we demonstrate that the ultramicroporous framework exhibits exceptional hydrogen isotope adsorption at 77 K and 1 bar. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate a D/H separation factor of 1.

Kinetics-Controlled Crystallization Unlocking Eu-Doped Barium Silicate Glass Ceramic for Efficient X-Ray Scintillation.

Developing efficient scintillators is crucial for advancing radiation detection. Glass ceramics (GCs) offer promise by combining processability with enhanced luminescence, but crystallizing phases with optimal scintillation properties remain challenging. Herein, a kinetics-controlled in situ crystallization strategy is presented to selectively precipitate high-performance BaSiO:Eu crystals within a barium silicate glass.

Stable and highly sensitive self-powered X-ray detection high-density CsPbBr-type Dion-Jacobson trilayer hybrid perovskites.

Dion-Jacobson (DJ)-type organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for X-ray detection owing to their exceptional stability and remarkable X-ray absorption ability. Nevertheless, achieving enhanced detection sensitivity continues to pose a significant challenge in this research domain. Herein, we have successfully synthesized and grown a DJ-type (4-AMP)CsPbBr (1, 4-AMP = 4-ammoniomethylpiperidinium) hybrid perovskite single crystal with a high density of 3.

Granzyme B activated near-infrared-II ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for early detection of tumor response to immunotherapy.

Non-invasive optical imaging tools for early detecting anti-tumor immune responses are crucial for precision cancer immunotherapy. However, current probes often suffer from low imaging depth, single imaging channel, and inadequate quantification, hindering their in vivo applications. Here we develop a rare-earth-based NIR-II fluorescence ratiometric nanoprobe (DCGA) for in vivo real-time, precise, and non-invasive visualization of granzyme B (GzmB) activity, a key effector in T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, for early prediction of immunotherapy efficacy.

Tuning the Structure and Photoluminescence of [SbCl]-Based Halides via Modification of Imidazolium-Based Cations.

Structure-property relationships in imidazolium-based hybrid Sb(III) chlorides provide critical guidance for designing high-performance materials. Three zero-dimensional metal halides, namely, [Cmmim]SbCl (, [Cmmim] = 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium), [Cmmim]SbCl (, [Cmmim] = 1-pentyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium), and [Cmim]SbCl (, [Cmim] = 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium), are synthesized by ionothermal methods. These compounds exhibit markedly distinctly photophysical properties at their optimal excitation wavelengths.

Modular Access to Medium-to-Large Sized Lactams through Alkyne-Bridging C-C Bond Activation of Unstrained Carbonyls.

While the conversion of simple cyclic ketones to lactams via carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage can be accomplished through classical Beckmann and Schmidt rearrangements, these methods suffer from inherent limitations. Beyond regioselectivity challenges, they permit the incorporation of only a single nitrogen atom into the parent carbocyclic framework. Herein, an efficient approach to access medium-to-large sized lactams was developed through an alkyne migratory insertion enabled C-C bond activation of unstrained ketones.

Giant Birefringence Induced by Intermolecular Aromatic Interactions in Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks.

Birefringent crystals are crucial optical materials that play a pivotal role in modulating and detecting the polarization state of light. However, there is still a significant challenge in regulating the assembly of π-conjugated active units to construct optical crystals with giant birefringence. In this study, a hydrogen-bonding self-assembly strategy is proposed to construct an aromatic π-conjugated hydrogen-bonded organic framework birefringent crystal (HOFBC) which exhibits a remarkable birefringence value of 0.

Cation Engineering Enhanced Moisture Resistance in Centimeter-Sized Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Crystal for Ultrastable X-Ray Detection.

Halide perovskites, particularly those that are lead-free, have garnered significant attention owing to their eco-friendly nature and exceptional performance in X-ray detection. Nevertheless, despite their promising potential, halide perovskites suffer from structural instability in moist environments, which reduces device reliability. Herein, a cation engineering strategy involving the substitution of N-acidic protons with methyl groups of aniline is employed to synthesize a moisture-resistant lead-free halide perovskite (NDMA)BiI (NDMA = N,N-dimethylanilinium).

Synergistic Enhancement of Band Gap and Optical Anisotropy via Functional-Site Cosubstitution in Antiperovskite-Type Chalcohalides [BaK][X][MS] (M = Ge, Si; X = Cl, Br).

The advancement of infrared (IR) birefringent crystals has been persistently constrained by the mutually exclusive relationship between high Δ and wide bandgap () in traditional chalcogenides. Herein, we report the rational design and successful synthesis of antiperovskite-type chalcohalides [BaK][X][MS] (M = Ge, Si; X = Cl, Br) employing a functional-site cosubstitution strategy, where [Ba][S][GeS] was utilized as the prototype compound. Notably, the title compounds achieve a substantial improvement over the parent material [Ba][S][GeS], with Δ values increasing from 0.

In Situ 3D Structural Determination of Soft Biomaterials by Computationally Assisted Polarized Raman Spectroscopy.

Soft biomaterials, characterized by structural disorder and weak interactions, pose significant challenges for structural characterization by conventional methods, which typically rely on long-range crystalline order or strong electron scattering. Here, we report a computationally assisted polarized Raman spectroscopy strategy that enables direct, in situ determination of three-dimensional (3D) molecular structures and their intermolecular interactions, correlating molecular-scale orientations with macroscopic morphologies. We validated our approach using the well-characterized α-glycine crystal, achieving structural precision comparable to that of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (RMSD = 0.

Synergistic Design of UV Nonlinear Optical Crystals: Harnessing Flexible π-Conjugated Anions and Guanidinium Cations for Enhanced Performance.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are vital for advanced optical applications, particularly in the laser industry. While borate-based NLO crystals have been extensively studied, recent research has expanded to novel materials featuring flexible organic π-conjugated systems. In this work, we report the synthesis of a new ultraviolet NLO crystal [C(NH)][NH(CHCOO)], which crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group (No.

Hydroxyl-engineered Ag nanoparticles achieves almost 100 % faradaic efficiency in electrocatalytic CO reduction to CO over wide potential windows.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (ECOR) to CO provides a promising strategy for mitigating atmospheric CO levels in the atmosphere while generating value-added chemical feedstocks for industrial applications. However, the widespread implementation of ECOR remains constrained by insufficient activity and Faradaic selectivity of current catalysts under practical operating conditions. We here develop a hybrid material of Ag nanoparticles embedded in cyclodextrin (AgNPs-CD) with abundant surface hydroxyl groups, which functions as an efficient catalyst for ECOR to CO, delivering both high activity and excellent selectivity.

Robust Hydrogel Sensors Induced by Intermolecular Mechanical Interlocking of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring.

The compromise of tensile strength and toughness is essential for conductive hydrogels to enhance their cycling stability and mechanical durability in wearable strain sensors. It is effective but challenging to balance energy dissipation. Herein, a new strategy based on the intermolecular mechanical interlocking of the hydrogels has been proposed for improving their tensile strength and toughness.

Lantern-like Cu8 cluster for high-efficiency electrically driven light-emitting diodes.

A novel lantern-like Cu(I) cluster [Cu(2-pyCC)(-triphos)](PF) (Cu8) was synthesized with high yield ligand engineering, featuring mixed multidentate ligands of tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amine (-triphos) and 2-pyridylethynyl (2-pyCCH). Its structure was thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. These techniques indicate that strategically introducing two kinds of multidentate ligands helps to enhance the overall stability of the lantern-like Cu8.

tert-Butyl Functionalized Ultra-Microporous Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient SF/N Separation.

Efficient capture and recovery of sulfur hexafluoride (SF) from SF/N mixtures is critical for mitigating greenhouse effects and promoting gas recycling in the electronics industry. Herein, we report a novel ultra-microporous three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF), termed CPOF-12, enriched with tert-butyl groups. CPOF-12 exhibits a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1,140 m g, a pore volume of 0.

Strain-Induced Distortion of MXene Nanosheets Enabling Freestanding Electrodes with Linearly Upscaling Areal Capacitance at Ultrahigh Mass Loadings.

The development of high-mass-loading electrodes offers a promising solution for enhancing energy density and reducing costs by minimizing inactive components. However, thick electrodes often face challenges, such as structural instability and poor electron and ion transport. Here, we present a strain-induced strategy for preparing distorted MXene nanosheets, enabling the fabrication of pressure-resistant crumpled freestanding electrodes with low tortuosity and a curvature-induced cation enrichment effect.

State-Resolved Dynamics and Rate Coefficients of the F + CH Reaction with a Submerged Barrier: Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics and Quasiclassical Trajectory Insights.

Due to its potential applications in HF chemical lasers and its significance as a prototypical polyatomic reaction, the F + CH reaction has long been a central topic in chemical kinetics and molecular dynamics. Although previous studies have reported both experimental and theoretical rate constants, discrepancies among these results persist. Moreover, the available experimental data do not cover the full temperature range, particularly at temperatures above room temperature, which are highly relevant to combustion and chemical laser applications.