α-Cyclodextrin mediated 3D printed ceramic/polymer composite scaffolds for immunomodulation and osteogenesis in bone defect repair.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect treatment face numerous challenges, including mechanical mismatches and the lack of immune microenvironment modulation, often leading to implant failure. In this study, an innovative drug-loaded bioinspired ceramic/polymer composite scaffold was designed and fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, incorporating α-cyclodextrin (αCD) in a novel approach to improve interfacial compatibility and drug-loading efficiency. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main component of natural bone, was employed as the inorganic phase to mimic the mineral structure of bone tissue.

Tailored Fe catalyst microenvironment for highly efficient syngas conversion to olefins with low CO emissions.

Achieving highly efficient syngas conversion to olefins on the Fe-based catalysts is promising, but remains a big challenge due to the twin coexistence of the Fischer-Tropsch to olefins (FTO) and water gas shift (WGS) reactions. Herein, we developed a strategy via regulating the microenvironment of Fe catalyst and controlling the diffusion behaviors of critical intermediates to successfully realize the syngas conversion to olefins with low CO emission. A Fe@C catalyst with Fe species encapsulated in porous carbon was fabricated and achieved high single-pass olefins yield (>30%) and low CO selectivity (around 20%) simultaneously, which has ranked the top among the ever-reported advanced oxide-zeolite, Co-based, and Fe-based catalysts.

Analytic theory of X-ray wideband multilayer coated diffraction gratings.

An analytic theory of X-ray (∼0.04-4 keV) diffraction from wideband multilayer coated gratings is developed. It is found that the wideband blazed gratings can operate in the single-order regime when only one diffraction wave is effectively excited.

How precise is excision and reconstruction using 3D printing technology for total sacrectomy: accuracy validation in 9 consecutive cases.

Background: With 3D printing technology, we can now use preoperative imaging for precise surgical plan. We can also use patient-specific surgical jig to improve the accuracy of osteotomy and 3D-printed custom-made endoprostheses combined with a screw-rod system to restore lumbosacral stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3D printing technology for precise osteotomy during total sacrectomy.

Development of a global forearm reconstruction system for post-tumor resection defects of the radius or ulna: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: Bone defects resulting from sarcoma resection in the forearm present significant challenges for reconstruction, with limited guidance available in the literature.

Methods: We developed a novel series of 3D-printed endoprostheses, called the Global Forearm Reconstruction System (GFRS), to reconstruct defects of the proximal radius (PR), distal ulna (DU), total ulna (TU), and total radius (TR). Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to determine the mechanical support function of the GFRS endoprostheses.

Development and clinical application of extendable prostheses in limb salvage surgery for primary malignant bone tumours in children : a systematic review of functional outcomes and complications.

Aims: Extendable prostheses have developed rapidly over the decades to solve limb length discrepancy (LLD) following limb salvage surgery in children and adolescents who have suffered primary malignant bone tumours. In this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature on extendable prostheses to investigate their developments and clinical outcomes, to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing clinical implementation and refinement.

Methods: A systematic review of 46 studies with 709 invasive cases and 556 noninvasive cases was performed after searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.

Characterization and simulation of gallium vacancies in the InGaN layer.

Low-In-content InGaN bulk layers are widely used in GaN-based LDs, LEDs, and vertical p-n diodes. However, studies on point defects in InGaN bulk layers are still relatively rare. Due to their thin thickness when grown on GaN template layers, methods for characterizing point defects in unintentionally doped InGaN bulk layers are lacking.

Impact of Nusinersen Treatment on the Independence and Mental Health of School-Aged Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Background: Emerging disease-modifying therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have altered patients' mental health and daily functioning. This longitudinal study evaluated nusinersen's effects on independence and mental health in school-age SMA patients.

Methods: Thirty-one SMA type 2/3 patients from a pediatric hospital were assessed using the SMA Independence Scale-Upper Limb Module (SMAIS-ULM), Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).

Effects of combined addition of sodium pyrophosphate and gellan gum on physicochemical properties and gel characteristics of whole egg liquid.

This study investigated the changes in the gel properties and physicochemical indexes of whole egg liquid produced by the combined addition of sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and gellan gum (GG) at different concentrations and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the addition of TSPP and GG synergistically increased the hardness, springiness, chewiness, and water holding capacity (WHC) of the whole egg liquid gel. When the concentrations of both TSPP and GG were 0.

Effect of state e-cigarette tax policies on the transitions of youth tobacco/nicotine use patterns in the USA: evidence from national longitudinal data.

Introduction: Several US states have implemented regulations, including e-cigarette taxes, primarily to reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Although several studies have examined e-cigarette tax regulations, studies assessing the impact of e-cigarette taxes on the transitions of tobacco/nicotine use patterns are largely absent from the extant literature.

Methods: We included 9774 participants aged 12-17 years at baseline from waves 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of epiphyseal invasion in paediatric osteosarcoma.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of epiphyseal invasion (EI).

Methods: We included paediatric patients with open epiphyseal plates diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) located in the diaphysis or metaphysis of the long bones. Patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and MRI, including T1-weighted and short tau inversion recovery (STIR)-/T2-weighted sequences.

Multidimensional assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution, driving mechanisms, and future predictions of urban heat islands in Jinan, China.

Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of land surface temperature (LST) is crucial for managing urban thermal environments and mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study addresses the challenge of quantifying the complex interactions among natural and anthropogenic factors driving LST variations, while leveraging advanced modeling techniques to predict future thermal risks in rapidly urbanizing regions. By analyzing the evolution of LST in Jinan city, China, from 2002 to 2022, and forecasts future trends using advanced spatial analysis and predictive modeling techniques.

Pollution in marine bivalves: The immunosuppressive effects of microplastics on Anadara granosa.

Microplastics (MPs), as emerging marine pollutants, pose a significant threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. This study investigates the effects of 7-day MPs exposure on the immune response of the blood clam (Anadara granosa), a commercially valuable marine bivalve known for its filter-feeding and sedentary lifestyle, which renders it particularly vulnerable to pollutants. This study analyzed the impact of various concentrations (0, 0.

Chinese reference population: Open-source age-dependent computational phantoms of reference Chinese population.

Purpose: Computational phantoms have been widely used in radiation protection, radiotherapy, medical imaging, surgery navigation, and digital anatomy. However, current Chinese phantoms lack representation for all sensitive groups including adults, children, and pregnant women. This manuscript aims to address this gap by developing novel open-access computational phantoms representing the Chinese population.

Effect of rutin on the structural and functional properties of ovalbumin.

Phenolic substances affect protein functionality. This study aimed to examine how rutin influences the gel properties, antioxidant activity, and structure of ovalbumin (OVA). Increasing rutin concentration enhanced the gel hardness of OVA but reduced soluble protein content with no significant effect on water retention.

Balancing Page Endurance Variation Between Layers to Extend 3D NAND Flash Memory Lifetime.

With vertical stacking, 3D NAND's flash memory can achieve continuous capacity growth. However, the endurance variation between the stacked layers becomes more and more significant due to process variation, which will lead to the underutilization of many pages and seriously affect the lifetime of 3D NAND's flash memory. We investigated the endurance variation characteristics between layers and divided the stacked layers into the top, middle, and bottom layers according to the endurance characteristics.

Longitudinal Efficacy of Nusinersen Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life and Independence in Children With Later-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Introduction/aims: The rising use of disease-modifying therapy is progressively impacting the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in their daily lives. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in HRQoL and independence in children with later-onset SMA receiving longitudinal treatment with nusinersen.

Methods: Forty-nine pediatric patients with later-onset SMA (symptom onset after 6 months of age) and their caregivers were enrolled.

SpaInGNN: Enhanced clustering and integration of spatial transcriptomics based on refined graph neural networks.

Recent developments in spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology have markedly enhanced the proposed capacity to comprehensively characterize gene expression patterns within tissue microenvironments while crucially preserving spatial context. However, the identification of spatial domains at the single-cell level remains a significant challenge in elucidating biological processes. To address this, SpaInGNN was developed, a sophisticated graph neural network (GNN) framework that accurately delineates spatial domains by integrating spatial location data, histological information, and gene expression profiles into low-dimensional latent embeddings.

C/EBPα-mediated ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis exacerbates tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of diabetes characterized by progressive renal function decline and a lack of effective treatment options. Here, we investigated the role of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in DKD pathogenesis. Analysis of renal biopsy samples revealed increased C/EBPα expression in patients with DKD.

PPAR gamma and PGC-1alpha activators protect against diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the inflammation and NF-kappaB activation.

Aim: Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism but inhibit inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism through which these two proteins cooperate in the kidney remains unclear.

A novel non-invasive electromagnetic extendable intercalary endoprosthesis: a proof-of-concept study.

Femur and tibia are the most commonly affected sites for primary malignant bone tumors in children. The wide resection of the tumor frequently requires the physis to be resected. The normal growth of the unaffected limb will result in a significant limb length discrepancy at skeletal maturity.

The association between physical fitness and mental health among college students: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Physical inactivity and mental health disorders are emerging threats to public health in China. Previous research on links between exercise and mental wellbeing have focused on clinical populations, with little evidence from the general population, particularly younger adults. We aimed to investigate associations between physical fitness and mental health in Chinese college students.

Clinical efficacy of sodium aescinate administration following endovenous laser ablation for varicose veins.

BackgroundEndovenous interventions and minimally invasive procedures are effective in the management of varicose veins. However, they can cause postoperative discomfort.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of sodium aescinate (SA) in improving edema, pain, vein-specific symptoms, and quality of life in patients following endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose veins.