Reductive -cyanomethylation of aryl iodanes with MeCN one-pot iodonium-Claisen rearrangement.

We report here a one-pot iodonium-Claisen rearrangement of aryl iodanes with acetonitrile, which enables -cyanomethylation of aryl iodanes to produce valuable arylacetonitriles. The reaction proceeds through preparation of (trimethylsilyl) acetonitrile by treating the readily available solvent MeCN with TMSOTf and DIPEA, followed by its interaction with aryl iodanes. Notably, the sequential use of two electrophilic reagents (TMSOTf and BF·EtO) to activate aryl iodanes is critical for driving the rearrangement.

Facile synthesis of highly active PtSnCoNi hierarchical dendritic nanowires greatly boosting signal amplification for ultrasensitive immunoassay of biomarker HER-2.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), a key biomarker in breast cancer, is critical for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. In this work, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for biomarker HER-2 detection based on PtSnCoNi hierarchical dendritic alloyed nanowires (PtSnCoNi HDNWs). These nanowires were synthesized via a co-reduction-triggered anisotropic growth strategy in oleylamine.

Gratitude increases the sharing willingness to micro-charity information: An fNIRS study.

Micro-charity, with its ease of dissemination, is an effective way to support public welfare. Gratitude has been shown to promote prosocial behavior. However, its specific role in driving micro-charity sharing, particularly the underlying neural correlates, remains unclear.

Functional analysis of three peroxisomal cinnamate:CoA ligases in salicylic acid biosynthesis of Glycine max.

Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic-derived secondary metabolite, serves as a critical signaling molecule in plant defense mechanisms. Contemporary phytochemical studies have identified two distinct biosynthetic pathways for SA production in plants: the isochorismate synthase (ICS)-mediated pathway and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)-dependent pathway. However, the enzymes participating in SA biosynthesis in soybean remain largely unknown.

Boron-Modified Heterointerface Boosts Kesterite Solar Cells to 0.58 V Open-Circuit Voltage.

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) continues to pose a significant challenge for kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells, predominantly due to the pronounced charge carrier recombination occurring at heterointerface (HEI). To address this issue, an innovative non-metallic boron (B)-modification strategy is developed to optimize the HEI. The key advantages of this strategy are as follows: (i) Leveraging the strong bonding characteristic of B with three valence electrons, the dangling bonds on the absorber surface can be fully saturated, effectively passivating surface states without introducing new defects; (ii) Moreover, diffusion of B into the near-surface region of HEI during selenization process can create weak n-type B donor defects, which lowers the valence band maximum (VBM) of the absorber and mitigates Fermi level pinning.

Facet engineering of MOF supports regulates product selectivity in CO photoreduction by modulating electron and proton supply to COF shells.

Selective photoreduction of CO with HO to hydrocarbons is challenged by inadequate and uncontrollable electron and proton feeding. Herein, this limitation is overcome by integrating HO dissociation, CO reduction, and O evolution catalysts into a dual S-scheme heterojunction and regulating exposed facets of the heterojunction supports. In this design, H and OH species generated by HO dissociation on the NH-MIL-125 support transfer to the T-COF shell and FeO insert for CO reduction and O evolution, respectively.

Cis/Trans Mononuclear Copper(II) Nodes with Dual Open-Metal and Lewis-Base Sites: A Metal-Organic Framework Enabling Selective CO Capture from Flue Gas.

The development of porous materials for the selective capture of CO from flue gas and biogas is crucial for ecological conservation and clean energy advancement. Herein, a novel three-dimensional copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was solvothermally synthesized by using a multifunctional ligand abundant in carboxyl and triazole groups. Inorganic secondary building units (SBUs) feature two types of square-planar mononuclear copper SBUs: a highly polar cis configuration and a symmetric trans configuration.

Marine Photovoltaic Industry Development: A Review of its Impact on Aquatic Environmental Elements and Future Perspectives.

With renewables, marine photovoltaic (PV) harnessing solar energy gains momentum, promising vast ocean space for power generation with significant benefits.Recent studies indicate that while marine PV systems are designed to address environmental challenges, they can also cause unintended ecological consequences. Mitigating potential negative impacts on aquatic environments has therefore become a critical research priority.

Sunflower Enhances Photosynthesis, Grain Yields, and Stress Tolerance of Rice.

GOLDEN2-LIKEs (GLKs) are important transcription factors for the chloroplast development influencing photosynthesis, nutrition, senescence, and stress response in plants. Sunflower () is a highly photosynthetic plant; here, a -homologues gene was identified from the sunflower genome by bioinformatics. To analyze the bio-function of , transgenic rice plants overexpressing () were constructed and characterized via phenotype.

Integrated Pneumatic-Auxiliary Sensing Array for Real-Time Elbow Joint Kinematics Tracking and Anomaly Prevention.

Flexible sensors integrating motion detection and tactile perception capabilities demonstrate significant potential in aerospace biomechanics and medical rehabilitation. Here, we report a biomimetic inflatable chamber sensor that synergistically integrates pneumatic-auxiliary and electronic sensing for elbow joint health monitoring. The device architecture combines multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced silicone composites with embedded electrode arrays integrated within the inner lining of inflatable chambers, achieving high sensitivity while maintaining signal stability under electromagnetic interference.

Echo-ODE: A dynamics modeling network with neural ODE for temporally consistent segmentation of video echocardiograms.

Introduction: Segmentation of echocardiograms plays a crucial role in clinical diagnosis. Beyond accuracy, a major challenge of video echocardiogram analysis is the temporal consistency of consecutive frames. Stable and consistent segmentation of cardiac structures is essential for a reliable fully automatic echocardiogram interpretation.

The performance evaluation of the AI-assisted diagnostic system in China.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been regarded as a major success in healthcare services. At present, few studies have successfully empirically analyzed this view through large-scale multi-center trails, especially in China as well as other less-developed regions. The research aim of this work is to empirically reveal how artificial intelligence benefits in less-developed regions and reallocates medical resources.

Nonlocal complex short pulse equation in [Formula: see text]-symmetry like symmetry breaking, breather-grammian interactions and soliton solutions.

Research on [Formula: see text]-symmetry and spontaneous symmetry breaking captivates contemporary scholars due to its extensive applicability in several fields, including microwave propagation and nonlinear optics. This article studies the nonlocal complex short pulse (NL-CSP) equation in which we discuss how under certain symmetry reduction general complex short pulse equation turns into NL-CSP equation. We construct the binary Darboux transformation for the reverse space-time NL-CSP equation and derive its quasi-grammian solutions.

The effect of cumulative ecological risk on migrant children's Internet game addiction: a moderated mediation model.

Background: Internet games are becoming a popular form of entertainment. However, overindulgence in online games may lead to online game addiction, which may have a negative impact on the health of adolescents. As a special group of adolescents, migrant children's Internet game addiction has also attracted much attention.

Inequality in mortality risk of older adults between rural and urban areas exposure to temperature variations in China.

Background: Non-optimal ambient temperatures have been demonstrated to negatively affect a variety of health outcomes, particularly population mortality. However, the mortality risk of older adults between rural and urban areas exposure to temperature variations remain unclear.

Methods: Here, leveraging the panel data for 27,193 older adults from the largest and most complete Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey during 2005-2018, we explored the impacts of temperature variations like low/high and extreme temperatures on mortality risk of older adults in China.

How category frameworks shape the pre-activation of attentional templates: Evidence from high-resolution SSVEPs.

During visual search, when targets are defined by specific categories, category-based attentional templates (CATs) enhance search efficiency by being pre-activated and modulated by their underlying category frameworks, thereby facilitating the detection of target objects. Previous studies employing the Rapid Serial Probe Presentation (RSPP) paradigm (20 Hz sampling rate) lacked the temporal resolution to continuously track CAT pre-activation dynamics. To address this, we used steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) to capture real-time dynamics of CAT pre-activation, improving temporal resolution by 50 times (from 50 ms to 1 ms), enabling the detection of previously inaccessible transient neural processes.

Selectively Modulating the Donor and Acceptor Aggregation Behaviors Through Solid Additive Isomerization Engineering for Organic Solar Cells Exceeding 20% Efficiency.

Regulating the film morphology is essential for achieving high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Given the distinct features of donor and acceptor materials, designing solid additives to selectively control the aggregation behaviors of them represents a key strategy for further development of OSCs. Herein, a series of bithiophene isomers solid additives (2,2-TT, 2,3-TT, and 3,3-TT) are designed for film morphology regulation.

Grain-boundary-rich high-entropy selenide combining with hollow cerium-doped CoMnO nanocubes for enhanced photoelectrochemical aptasensing.

Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) is an antibiotic used in treating bacterial infections, but it poses health risks if it enters human body through food chains. In this study, a grain-boundary-rich high-entropy selenide (CdCoCuMnZn)Se was prepared by a one-pot solvothermal strategy. Its microstructure, photoactivity and photostability were investigated using various techniques, whose dynamic mechanism was elucidated and the role of elemental doping in enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was rigorously evaluated in control groups.

Extracellular organic matter-mediated self-regulation of indigenous Rhodococcus sp. enhances PCB biodegradation under environmental stress: Self-recovery strategy for sustained bioremediation.

The bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in contaminated environments is often impeded by microbial dormancy induced by environmental stressors. Effective reactivation of functional microbial populations is therefore critical for successful bioremediation. In this study, Rhodococcus sp.

Biotransformation and toxicity attenuation of 2,6-Dichlorobenzoquinone in simulated human gastrointestinal conditions: Insights from a systematic in vitro study.

2,6-Dichlorobenzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), a highly toxic and currently unregulated disinfection byproduct (DBP), is frequently detected in drinking water. However, its metabolic fate and toxicity following ingestion remain poorly understood. This study employed an in vitro gastrointestinal model-including simulated gastric fluid, small intestinal fluid, and colonic microbiota-to investigate its biotransformation, metabolite profiles, and associated toxicity alterations.

Intermediate Anthropogenic Disturbances Boost Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Diversities but Reduce Functional Diversity in Subtropical Forests of Eastern China.

Anthropogenic disturbances significantly impact plant biodiversity in subtropical forests. While prior research has primarily concentrated on taxonomic diversity, other dimensions of biodiversity, such as phylogenetic and functional diversities, remain insufficiently explored. This study simultaneously investigated these three facets of plant diversity in subtropical forests with two distinct disturbance histories in eastern China, aiming to elucidate the effects of intermediate anthropogenic disturbances on biodiversity.

A Real-Time Mature Hawthorn Detection Network Based on Lightweight Hybrid Convolutions for Harvesting Robots.

Accurate real-time detection of hawthorn by vision systems is a fundamental prerequisite for automated harvesting. This study addresses the challenges in hawthorn orchards-including target overlap, leaf occlusion, and environmental variations-which lead to compromised detection accuracy, high computational resource demands, and poor real-time performance in existing methods. To overcome these limitations, we propose YOLO-DCL (group shuffling convolution and coordinate attention integrated with a lightweight head based on YOLOv8n), a novel lightweight hawthorn detection model.

A Hybrid Nanogenerator Based on Rotational-Swinging Mechanism for Energy Harvesting and Environmental Monitoring in Intelligent Agriculture.

With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things, intelligent agriculture is becoming increasingly important. Traditional agricultural monitoring methods, which rely on fossil fuels and complex wiring, hinder progress. This work introduces a hybrid nanogenerator based on a rotational-swinging mechanism (RSM-HNG) that combines triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) for efficient wind energy harvesting and smart agriculture monitoring.

Effects of Temperature-Control Admixtures on Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Concrete: Experiments and Modeling.

The mitigation of early-age shrinkage and thermal cracking remains a pressing challenge in mass concrete structures. This study introduces a novel temperature-control admixture (TCA), formulated with gel-forming inorganic compounds, designed to suppress internal temperature rise while improving the mechanical stability of fly ash concrete. Four concrete mixes with TCA dosages of 0, 0.

Microscopic Investigation of Coupled Mobilization and Blending Behaviors Between Virgin and Reclaimed Aged Asphalt Mastic.

To meet the demand for sustainable pavement infrastructure, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has become a key strategy to enhance material circularity. This study investigates the coupled mobilization and blending behaviors between virgin and aged asphalt mastic in RAP systems. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to quantify the mobilization rate (MR) of aged mastic on RAP aggregate surfaces using the Composite Aging Index (CAI).